声子晶体材料与有源控制相结合的宽频噪声抑制方法
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摘要
电力变压器噪声除了本体噪声产生的低频分量,还包含冷却风扇产生的中高频噪声。有源降噪方法对低频噪声控制性能好,且灵活可控,但降噪效果受制于通道数量。在不增加通道数量的前提下,为了拓宽降噪频率范围,提出声子晶体材料与有源控制相结合的降噪方法。以DSP为核心控制器搭建了基于LMS算法的双通道有源降噪系统,在此基础上开展了嵌入声子晶体材料的有源降噪系统降噪性能验证实验研究。实验结果表明,针对变压器100～400 Hz的低频噪声,双通道有源降噪系统单频最大降噪量约20 dB,多频总降噪量可达9 dB。设计了对500～1 000 Hz中高频噪声抑制作用明显的声子晶体材料,对600 Hz单频降噪量约14 dB。嵌入声子晶体材料的双通道有源降噪系统,最大总降噪量可达16 dB,优于单纯的有源降噪。可见,声子晶体材料与有源控制相结合,拓宽降噪频率范围、提高降噪性能的方法是可行性的。
Power transformer noise includes not only the low-frequency components generated by transformer vibration,but also the medium and high frequency noise generated by the fan. Active noise reduction method has good performance in low frequency noise control,but the effect of noise reduction is limited by the number of secondary channels. In order to widen the frequency range of noise reduction without increasing the number of channels,a method combining phononic crystal materials with active control was proposed. A dual-channel active noise reduction system based on LMS algorithm is built with DSP controller. The verification experiment on the performance of the active noise reduction system combined with phononic crystal material was carried out. The results show that the maximum single-frequency noise reduction and the total multi-frequency noise reduction are about 20 d B and 9 dB respectively for 100 ～ 400 Hz low-frequency transformer noise. A phononic crystal material with distinct suppression effect on noise between 500 Hz and 1 000 Hz was designed. The single-frequency noise reduction of the material at 600 Hz is about 14 dB. The maximum total noise reduction of the two-channel active noise reduction system combined with phononic crystal material can reach 16 dB,which is superior to the active noise reduction without phononic crystal material. Therefore,it is feasible to combine phononic crystal materials with active control system to widen the noise reduction frequency range and improve the noise reduction performance.
Power transformer noise includes not only the low-frequency components generated by transformer vibration,but also the medium and high frequency noise generated by the fan. Active noise reduction method has good performance in low frequency noise control,but the effect of noise reduction is limited by the number of secondary channels. In order to widen the frequency range of noise reduction without increasing the number of channels,a method combining phononic crystal materials with active control was proposed. A dual-channel active noise reduction system based on LMS algorithm is built with DSP controller. The verification experiment on the performance of the active noise reduction system combined with phononic crystal material was carried out. The results show that the maximum single-frequency noise reduction and the total multi-frequency noise reduction are about 20 d B and 9 dB respectively for 100 ～ 400 Hz low-frequency transformer noise. A phononic crystal material with distinct suppression effect on noise between 500 Hz and 1 000 Hz was designed. The single-frequency noise reduction of the material at 600 Hz is about 14 dB. The maximum total noise reduction of the two-channel active noise reduction system combined with phononic crystal material can reach 16 dB,which is superior to the active noise reduction without phononic crystal material. Therefore,it is feasible to combine phononic crystal materials with active control system to widen the noise reduction frequency range and improve the noise reduction performance.
引文
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2熊鸿斌,臧春新.城市综合体典型噪声源噪声影响预测与控制技术研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(16):155-161Xiong Hongbin,Zang Chunxin.Noise impact prediction and noise control technology of typical noise sources in urban complex[J].Science Technology&Engineering,2016,16(16):155-161
3杨威,奚延辉,陈国坤.考虑叠片效应的变压器铁心多场仿真模型[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(15):112-117Yang Wei,Xi Yanhui,Chen Guokun.Multi-field simulation model of transformer core considering stacking effect[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(15):112-117
4王晋伟,应黎明,刘勤,等.基于扰动跟踪法的变压器有源降噪系统研究[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(1):1-8Wang Jinwei,Ying Liming,Liu Qin,et al.Study on transformer active noise control system based on disturbance tracking method[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(1):1-8
5周彬.电力变压器磁致伸缩效应引发的振动噪声分析[J].变压器,2013,50(12):39-43Zhou Bin.Analysis of vibration noise caused by magnetic deformation effect in power transformer[J].Transformer,2013,50(12):39-43
6吴晓文,周年光,裴春明,等.特高压交流GIS变电站噪声特性测量与分析[J].高压电器,2017,53(6):13-18Wu Xiaowen,Zhou Nianguang,Pei Chunming,et al.Measurement and analysis on characteristics of audible-noise in UHVAC GIS substations[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2017,53(6):13-18
7祝丽花,杨庆新,闫荣格,等.考虑磁致伸缩效应电力变压器振动噪声的研究[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(4):1-6Zhu Lihua,Yang Qingxin,Yan Rongge,et al.Research on vibration and noise of power transformer cores including magnetostriction effects[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(4):1-6
8赵彤,梁家碧,夏天翔,等.基于LMS自适应滤波算法的电力变压器有源降噪系统[J].高电压技术,2016,42(7):2299-2307Zhao Tong,Liang Jiabi,Xia Tianxiang,et al.Active noise control system based on LMS adaptive filter algorithm for transformer power noise reduction[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(7):2299-2307
9 Zhang L,Tao J,Qiu X.Active control of transformer noise with an internally synthesized reference signal[J].Journal of Sound&Vibration,2012,331(15):3466-3475
10王学磊,张黎,李庆民,等.电力变压器有源降噪中次级声源的参数优化分析[J].高电压技术,2012,38(11):2815-2822Wang Xuelei,Zhang Li,Li Qingmin,et al.Parameter optimization analysis of the secondary acoustic sources for power transformer active noise control[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(11):2815-2822
11王国栋,应黎明,刘洋,等.电力变压器有源降噪系统次级声源优化布放[J].电测与仪表,2017,54(13):1-7Wang Guodong,Ying Liming,Liu Yang,et al.Layout and strength optimization for secondary sound sources of transformer active noise control system[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2017,54(13):1-7
12王小涛.电力变压器噪声辐射特性研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2013Wang Xiaotao.Study on noise radiation of power transformer[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2013
13 Cheng Y,Zhou C,Yuan B G,et al.Ultra-sparse metasurface for high reflection of low-frequency sound based on artificial Mie resonances[J].Nature Materials,2015,14(10):1013
14 Krushynska A O,Bosia F,Miniaci M,et al.Spider web-structured labyrinthine acoustic metamaterials for low-frequency sound control[J].New Journal of Physics,2017,19(10):105001