煤巷顶板锚固孔钻进钻杆振动特性数值模拟研究
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摘要
针对煤巷顶板岩层结构复杂多变、劣化区域不易探明,易导致锚杆支护煤巷冒顶问题,利用理论分析与数值模拟相结合方法,研究煤巷顶板锚固孔钻进过程中钻杆横向、纵向、扭转振动特征。理论分析表明:钻杆横向、纵向振动速度和加速度主要由顶板岩石坚固性系数f决定,扭转振动加速度主要由岩石黏聚力C和内摩擦角φ决定。通过ABAQUS数值模拟软件做进一步分析:钻杆横向、纵向振动速度和加速度及扭转振动加速度波峰密度和峰值大小随着岩石强度的增加而增加,可作为识别顶板岩层强度、特别是岩层结构裂化区域的指标。研究结论为实时动态调整优化巷道顶板锚杆(索)支护参数,预防锚杆支护煤巷冒顶提供了理论支撑。
In view of the roof fall in bolt support roadways caused by the complexity of roof rock structure and the difficulty in detecting deteriorative areas, the transverse, longitudinal and torsional vibration characteristics of drill rod are studied through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.Theoretical analysis has indicated that the velocity and acceleration of transverse and longitudinal vibration are mainly determined by the firmness coefficient f and the acceleration of torsional vibration by the cohesion strength C and internal friction angle φ. The results of numerical simulation through ABAQUS software show that the velocity and acceleration of transverse and longitudinal vibration of drill pipe and the peak density and size of torsional vibration acceleration wave increase with the rock hardness, which can be the index for identifying roof rock properties, especially in structural deteriorative areas. This paper provides theoretical supports for adjusting the support parameters of bolt in roadway roof and preventing the roof fall of coal roadway supported by bolt.
In view of the roof fall in bolt support roadways caused by the complexity of roof rock structure and the difficulty in detecting deteriorative areas, the transverse, longitudinal and torsional vibration characteristics of drill rod are studied through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.Theoretical analysis has indicated that the velocity and acceleration of transverse and longitudinal vibration are mainly determined by the firmness coefficient f and the acceleration of torsional vibration by the cohesion strength C and internal friction angle φ. The results of numerical simulation through ABAQUS software show that the velocity and acceleration of transverse and longitudinal vibration of drill pipe and the peak density and size of torsional vibration acceleration wave increase with the rock hardness, which can be the index for identifying roof rock properties, especially in structural deteriorative areas. This paper provides theoretical supports for adjusting the support parameters of bolt in roadway roof and preventing the roof fall of coal roadway supported by bolt.
引文
[1]KANG Hongpu.Support technologies for deep and complex roadways in underground coal mines:a review[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2014,1(3):261-277.
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[8]杨建平,陈卫忠,郑希红.含软弱夹层深部软岩巷道稳定性研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(10):2864-2870.YANG Jianping,CHEN Weizhong,ZHENG Xihong.Stability study of deep soft rock roadways with weak intercalated layers[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(10):2864-2870.
[9]ZHANG Guoxin,WANG Zengcai,ZHAO Lei.Recognition of rock-coal interface in top coal caving through tail beam vibrations by using stacked sparse autoencoders[J].Journal of Vibroengineering,2016,18(7):4261-4275.
[10]GU Q.Geological mapping of entry roof in mines[D].Morgantown,WV:West Virginia University,2007.
[11]ITAKURA K.Current drill monitoring system using mechanical data of drilling machine and estimation of roof rock structure[C]//Proceedings of the Aust-Japan Tech Exchange Workshop in Coal Mining 98.Brisbane,Australia,1998:8-10.
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[14]刘少伟,冯友良,刘栋梁.煤巷层状顶板岩石钻进动态响应特性数值试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增刊1):3171-3176.LIU Shaowei,FENG Youliang,LIU Dongliang.Numerical experiments of dynamic response charateristics of rock drilling on stratified roof in coal roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Sup 1):3171-3176.
[15]刘少伟,刘栋梁,冯友良,等.应力状态对煤巷顶板锚固孔钻进速度的影响[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(4):608-613.LIU Shaowei,LIU Dongliang,FENG Youliang,et al.Influence of stress states on drilling velocity of anchorage hole on coal roadway roof[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(4):608-613.
[16]刘洪涛,赵志强,樊龙,等.顶板浅部裂隙通道与钻进信号的关系[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(6):954-959.LIU Hongtao,ZHAO Zhiqiang,FAN Long,et al.The relationship between roof shallow crack channel and drilling signals[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(6):954-959.
[17]MYERS G,GOLDBERG D,RECTOR J.Drill string vibration:a proxy for identifying lithologic boundaries while drilling[J].Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,Scientific Results,1999,179:1-17.
[18]高岩.三牙轮钻头条件下钻柱轴向振动波谱分析研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),1998.
[19]高岩,刘志国,郭学增.钻柱轴向振动固有频率的计算和测量[J].西安石油学院学报,2000,15(1):39-43.GAO Yan,LIU Zhiguo,GUO Xuezeng.Calculation and measurement of the natural frequency of axial drilling string vibration[J].Journal of Xi’an Petroleum Institute,2000,15(1):39-43.
[20]刘少伟,付孟雄,张辉,等.煤巷顶板锚固孔钻进钻杆振动机理与特征分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(5):893-899.LIU Shaowei,FU Mengxiong,ZHANG Hui,et al.Vibration mechanism and characteristics analysis of drill rod when drilling roof bolt hole[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(5):893-899.
[21]赵伏军.动静载荷耦合作用下岩石破碎理论及试验研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2004.
[22]朱莉媛,李中华,徐连满.钻屑扭矩法测定煤体应力与煤体强度研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(11):2096-2102.ZHU Liyuan,LI Zhonghua,XU Lianman.Measuring stress and strength of coal by drilling cutting torque method[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(11):2096-2102.
[23]徐鸿志.空气钻井条件下钻柱振动特性研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2009.
[24]倪振华.振动力学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1989:338-388.
[25]陈勇,万教育,赵子仁,等.PDC钻头破岩的动态数值模拟[J].新疆石油天然气,2009,5(3):69-73.CHEN Yong,WAN Jiaoyu,ZHAO Ziren,et al.Dynamic numerical simulation of PDC bits rock breaking[J].Xinjiang Oil&Gas,2009,5(3):69-73.
[26]林铁军,练章华,孟英峰,等.空气钻井中动态破岩有限元仿真研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊2):3592-3597.LIN Tiejun,LIAN Zhanghua,MENG Yingfeng,et al.Finite elements method study on dynamic rock breaking in air drilling[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Sup 2):3592-3597.
[27]马凤清,唐波,冯光通,等.三牙轮钻头与地层相互作用动力学数值模拟[J].石油矿场机械,2012,41(9):5-9.MA Fengqing,TANG Bo,FENG Guangtong,et al.Study of dynamical numerical simulation of the interaction between three-cone bit and formation[J].Oil Field Equipment,2012,41(9):5-9.
[2]康红普.我国煤矿巷道锚杆支护技术发展60年及展望[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(6):1071-1081.KANG Hongpu.Sixty years development and prospects of rock bolting technology for underground coal mine roadways in China[J].Journal China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(6):1071-1081.
[3]何满潮,景海河,孙晓明.软岩工程地质力学研究进展[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(1):46-63.HE Manchao,JING Haihe,SUN Xiaoming.Research prospect of soft rock engineering geomechanics in China coal mine[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,2000,8(1):46-63.
[4]贾明魁.锚杆支护煤巷冒顶成因分类新方法[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(5):569-570.JIA Mingkui.A new way of genetic classification on roof falling of bolt supporting roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(5):569-570.
[5]贾明魁.岩层组合劣化探测技术研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(1):44-48.JIA Mingkui.Research on detecting technique for inferior strata combination[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2006,35(1):44-48.
[6]贾明魁.岩层组合劣化型冒顶机制研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(7):1344-1347.JIA Mingkui.Research on roof falling mechanism of deteriorative strata combination supported by bolts[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(7):1344-1347.
[7]李桂臣,张农,曹朋,等.含软弱夹层顶板巷道安全状况可拓评价模型[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(1):24-30.LI Guichen,ZHANG Nong,CAO Peng,et al.An extension model for safety assessment of roadways with a weak interlayer roof[J].Journal China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(1):24-30.
[8]杨建平,陈卫忠,郑希红.含软弱夹层深部软岩巷道稳定性研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(10):2864-2870.YANG Jianping,CHEN Weizhong,ZHENG Xihong.Stability study of deep soft rock roadways with weak intercalated layers[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(10):2864-2870.
[9]ZHANG Guoxin,WANG Zengcai,ZHAO Lei.Recognition of rock-coal interface in top coal caving through tail beam vibrations by using stacked sparse autoencoders[J].Journal of Vibroengineering,2016,18(7):4261-4275.
[10]GU Q.Geological mapping of entry roof in mines[D].Morgantown,WV:West Virginia University,2007.
[11]ITAKURA K.Current drill monitoring system using mechanical data of drilling machine and estimation of roof rock structure[C]//Proceedings of the Aust-Japan Tech Exchange Workshop in Coal Mining 98.Brisbane,Australia,1998:8-10.
[12]ITAKURA K,SATO K,DEGUCHI G,et al.Visualization of geostructure by mechanical data logging of rock bolt drilling and its accuracy[C]//Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Ground Control in Mining.Morgantown,WV:West Virginia University,2001,84-190.
[13]PENG S,TANG D,MIRABILE B,et al.Mine roof geology information system(MRGIS)[C]//Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Ground Control in Mining.Morgantown,WV:West Virginia University,2003:127-135.
[14]刘少伟,冯友良,刘栋梁.煤巷层状顶板岩石钻进动态响应特性数值试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增刊1):3171-3176.LIU Shaowei,FENG Youliang,LIU Dongliang.Numerical experiments of dynamic response charateristics of rock drilling on stratified roof in coal roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Sup 1):3171-3176.
[15]刘少伟,刘栋梁,冯友良,等.应力状态对煤巷顶板锚固孔钻进速度的影响[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(4):608-613.LIU Shaowei,LIU Dongliang,FENG Youliang,et al.Influence of stress states on drilling velocity of anchorage hole on coal roadway roof[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(4):608-613.
[16]刘洪涛,赵志强,樊龙,等.顶板浅部裂隙通道与钻进信号的关系[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(6):954-959.LIU Hongtao,ZHAO Zhiqiang,FAN Long,et al.The relationship between roof shallow crack channel and drilling signals[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(6):954-959.
[17]MYERS G,GOLDBERG D,RECTOR J.Drill string vibration:a proxy for identifying lithologic boundaries while drilling[J].Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,Scientific Results,1999,179:1-17.
[18]高岩.三牙轮钻头条件下钻柱轴向振动波谱分析研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),1998.
[19]高岩,刘志国,郭学增.钻柱轴向振动固有频率的计算和测量[J].西安石油学院学报,2000,15(1):39-43.GAO Yan,LIU Zhiguo,GUO Xuezeng.Calculation and measurement of the natural frequency of axial drilling string vibration[J].Journal of Xi’an Petroleum Institute,2000,15(1):39-43.
[20]刘少伟,付孟雄,张辉,等.煤巷顶板锚固孔钻进钻杆振动机理与特征分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(5):893-899.LIU Shaowei,FU Mengxiong,ZHANG Hui,et al.Vibration mechanism and characteristics analysis of drill rod when drilling roof bolt hole[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(5):893-899.
[21]赵伏军.动静载荷耦合作用下岩石破碎理论及试验研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2004.
[22]朱莉媛,李中华,徐连满.钻屑扭矩法测定煤体应力与煤体强度研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(11):2096-2102.ZHU Liyuan,LI Zhonghua,XU Lianman.Measuring stress and strength of coal by drilling cutting torque method[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(11):2096-2102.
[23]徐鸿志.空气钻井条件下钻柱振动特性研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2009.
[24]倪振华.振动力学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1989:338-388.
[25]陈勇,万教育,赵子仁,等.PDC钻头破岩的动态数值模拟[J].新疆石油天然气,2009,5(3):69-73.CHEN Yong,WAN Jiaoyu,ZHAO Ziren,et al.Dynamic numerical simulation of PDC bits rock breaking[J].Xinjiang Oil&Gas,2009,5(3):69-73.
[26]林铁军,练章华,孟英峰,等.空气钻井中动态破岩有限元仿真研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊2):3592-3597.LIN Tiejun,LIAN Zhanghua,MENG Yingfeng,et al.Finite elements method study on dynamic rock breaking in air drilling[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Sup 2):3592-3597.
[27]马凤清,唐波,冯光通,等.三牙轮钻头与地层相互作用动力学数值模拟[J].石油矿场机械,2012,41(9):5-9.MA Fengqing,TANG Bo,FENG Guangtong,et al.Study of dynamical numerical simulation of the interaction between three-cone bit and formation[J].Oil Field Equipment,2012,41(9):5-9.