我国“三稀矿产”的资源特征及开发利用研究
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摘要
我国"三稀矿产"总体上资源丰富,既是资源大国,也是主要生产国和出口国,但往往因为深加工技术落后、环境代价太大、战略意识不强等原因而始终拿不到市场的话语权。中国已经进入科技创新引领社会发展的关键时期,"三稀矿产"恰恰具有无限的创新潜力。本文通过梳理2011年以来全国"三稀矿产"资源调查和找矿过程中积累的资料,概略性地总结了我国稀有、稀土和稀散元素矿产的主要特点,提出了一些开发利用建议,进一步强调"稀土不土,稀有常有,稀散不散"的禀赋特征,提出了开发利用过程中"稀土管得着,稀有找得到,稀散用得好"的基本思路。
China is rich in rear earth, rear metal, and rare-scattered element(RRR) minerals in general, and is a major producer and exporter. However, owing to backward deep-processing technologies, high environmental costs, poor strategic awareness, and other reasons, China still doesn't have a say in the global RRR mineral market. As China has entered a critical period where technological innovation drives social development, the RRR minerals become vital because of their unlimited potentials for innovation. In this paper, based on the data accumulated during the investigation and prospecting of the RRR minerals since 2011, we briefly summarize the main characteristics of the RRR minerals, propose some suggestions for their development and utilization, and further emphasize the basic idea that "rare earth should be regulated, rare metal should be found when needed, and rare-scattered elements should be well used."
China is rich in rear earth, rear metal, and rare-scattered element(RRR) minerals in general, and is a major producer and exporter. However, owing to backward deep-processing technologies, high environmental costs, poor strategic awareness, and other reasons, China still doesn't have a say in the global RRR mineral market. As China has entered a critical period where technological innovation drives social development, the RRR minerals become vital because of their unlimited potentials for innovation. In this paper, based on the data accumulated during the investigation and prospecting of the RRR minerals since 2011, we briefly summarize the main characteristics of the RRR minerals, propose some suggestions for their development and utilization, and further emphasize the basic idea that "rare earth should be regulated, rare metal should be found when needed, and rare-scattered elements should be well used."
引文
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[14]郑宝山,洪业汤,赵伟,等.鄂西的富硒碳质硅质岩与地方性硒中毒[J].科学通报,1992(11):1027-1029.Zheng B S,Hong Y T,Zhao W,et al.Selenium rich carbonaceous siliceous rocks and endemic selenium poisoning in Western Hubei[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1992(11):1027-1029.
[2]邵厥年,陶维屏,等.矿产资源工业要求手册[M].北京:地质出版社,2011.Shao J N,Tao W P,et al.Requirements manual for mineral resources industry[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2011.
[3]陈其慎,于汶加,张艳飞,等.关于加强我国矿产资源储备工作的思考[J].中国矿业,2015,24(1):20-24.Chen Q S,Yu W J,Zhang Y F,et al.Considerations on the strengthening of the mineral resources reserve[J].China Mining Magazine,2015,24(1):20-24.
[4]何季麟.中国钽铌工业的进步与展望[J].中国工程科学,2003,5(5):40-46.He J L.Progress of tantalum and niobium industry in China[J].Strategic Study of CAE,2003,5(5):40-46.
[5]李淑文.钽铌资源与生产现状[J].中国有色冶金,2008(1):38-47.Li S W.Tantalum niobium resources and production status[J].China Nonferrous Metallurgy,2008(1):38-47.
[6]王俊卿.青海省锶资源的开发与利用[J].无机盐工业,2004,36(1):15-16.Wang J Q.Exploration and application of strontium resource in Qinghai Province[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry,2004,36(1):15-16.
[7]王登红,王瑞江,孙艳,等.我国三稀(稀有稀土稀散)矿产资源调查研究成果综述[J].地球学报,2016,37(5):587-598.Wang D H,Wang R J,Sun Y.et al.A review of achievements in the three-type rare mineral resources(rare resources,rare earth and rare scattered resources)survey in China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2016,37(5):587-598.
[8]黄小卫,李红卫,王彩凤,等.我国稀土工业发展现状及进展[J].稀有金属,2007,31(3):279-288.Huang X W,Li H W,Wang C F,et al.Development status and research progress in rare earth industry in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2007,31(3):279-288.
[9]涂光炽,高振敏,胡瑞忠,等.分散元素地球化学及成矿机制[M].北京:地质出版社,2004.Tu G Z,Gao Z M,Hu R Z,et al.Geochemistry and metallogenic mechanism of dispersed elements[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2004.
[10]范家骅.超纯镓的研制和产业化[J].广东有色金属学报,2006,16(2):92-99.Fan J H.Research and industrialization of super pure gallium[J].Journal of Guangdong Non-ferrous Metals,2006,16(2):92-99.
[11]李德先,高振敏,朱咏煊,等.铊矿物及铊的植物找矿[J].地质与勘探,2003,39(5):44-48.Li D X,Gao Z M,Zhu Y X,et al.Thallium-bearing minerals and vegetaiont prospecting for thallium[J].Geology and Prospecting,2003,39(5):44-48.
[12]陈毓川,银剑钊,周剑雄,等.四川石棉县大水沟独立碲矿床地质特征[J].地质科学,1994,29(2):165-167.Chen Y C,Yin J Z,Zhou J X,et al.Geological characteristics of Dashuigou tellurium ore deposit in Shimian County,Sichuan Province,China[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,1994,29(2):165-167.
[13]宾智勇,刘景槐,冉俊铭.铼的生产、应用与市场[J].湖南有色金属,2005,21(3):7-10.Bin Z Y,Liu J H,Ran J M.Production,application and market of rhenium[J].Hunan Nonfreeous Metals,2005,21(3):7-10.
[14]郑宝山,洪业汤,赵伟,等.鄂西的富硒碳质硅质岩与地方性硒中毒[J].科学通报,1992(11):1027-1029.Zheng B S,Hong Y T,Zhao W,et al.Selenium rich carbonaceous siliceous rocks and endemic selenium poisoning in Western Hubei[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1992(11):1027-1029.
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