重型汽车盘式制动器制动噪声试验及有限元分析
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摘要
针对重型汽车制动过程中的摩擦尖叫噪声问题,依据缩比试验原理及重型汽车盘式制动器的主要技术参数,研制了一台能够模拟重型汽车真实制动工况的缩比试验台。介绍了试验台的机械结构及数据采集系统。在该试验台上进行重型汽车制动噪声特性分析试验。结果表明:在连续制动工况下,重型汽车盘式制动器制动噪声有明显的从无到有的产生趋势;随着制动压力的增大,摩擦系统更容易产生尖叫噪声,且噪声的频率成分更复杂;随着速度的增大,系统产生噪声的频率成分变得单一,且能量有所降低。在试验基础上利用ABAQUS软件对摩擦系统进行数值模拟分析,计算结果与试验所得的噪声频率特性具有很好的一致性,进一步验证了试验结果的准确性及试验台的可靠性。
Aiming at the friction squeal problem during heavy-duty automobile braking process,a scaling test rig which can simulate actual heavy-duty automobile disc braking condition was developed on the basis of scaling test principle and the main technical parameters of heavy-duty automobile disc brake.The mechanical structure of the test rig and the data acquisition system was introduced.Heavy-duty automobile brake noise test conducted on the test rig shows: during the continuous braking condition,heavy-duty automobile braking squeal has evident tendency and shows it develops from nothing; with the enlargement of braking pressure,the friction system gets easier to produce squeal,and the frequency components of noise get more complicated; moreover,with the increase of speed condition,the frequency components of the noise become simple,the energy of squeal decreases to some extent.And,the ABAQUS software was used to simulate the friction system based on the experiment condition and the parameters,and the results show very good consistency with the noise frequency characteristic of the test,which further verifies the accuracy of test results and the reliability of the test bench.
Aiming at the friction squeal problem during heavy-duty automobile braking process,a scaling test rig which can simulate actual heavy-duty automobile disc braking condition was developed on the basis of scaling test principle and the main technical parameters of heavy-duty automobile disc brake.The mechanical structure of the test rig and the data acquisition system was introduced.Heavy-duty automobile brake noise test conducted on the test rig shows: during the continuous braking condition,heavy-duty automobile braking squeal has evident tendency and shows it develops from nothing; with the enlargement of braking pressure,the friction system gets easier to produce squeal,and the frequency components of noise get more complicated; moreover,with the increase of speed condition,the frequency components of the noise become simple,the energy of squeal decreases to some extent.And,the ABAQUS software was used to simulate the friction system based on the experiment condition and the parameters,and the results show very good consistency with the noise frequency characteristic of the test,which further verifies the accuracy of test results and the reliability of the test bench.
引文
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[12]BLAU P J,MCLAUGHLIN J C.Effects of water films and sliding speed on the frictional behavior of truck disc brake materials[J].Tribology International,2003,36(10):709-715.
[13]BAKAR A,RAHIM A,HAMID A,et al.Effects of pad surface topography on disc brake squeal[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2012,165:58-62.
[14]FAN S,ZHANG L,CHENG L,et al.Effect of braking pressure and braking speed on the tribological properties of C/Si C aircraft brake materials[J].Composites Science and Technology,2010,70(6):959-965.
[2]BUTLIN T,WOODHOUSE J.A systematic experimental study of squeal initiation[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2011,330:5077-5095.
[3]刘伯威,杨阳,熊翔.汽车制动噪声的研究[J].摩擦学学报,2009(4):385-392.
[4]吕红明,张立军,余卓平.汽车盘式制动器尖叫研究进展[J].振动与冲击,2011(4):1-7.
[5]余卓平,孟德建,张立军.基于道路和台架的制动器振动噪声试验方法研究[J].汽车技术,2009(6):1-7.
[6]RABIA A M,GHAZALY N M,SALEM M.Experimental studies of automotive disc brake noise and vibration:a review[J].International Journal of Modern Engineering Research,2013,3(1):199-203.
[7]MARSCHNER H,RECKWERTH D.Innovative vibration measurement technology for brake development[J].Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift,2008,110(2):1-7.
[8]MACPHERSON W N,REEVES M.Multipoint laser vibrometer for modal analysis[J].Applied Optics,2007,46(16):3126-3132.
[9]FRANCESCO M,YVES B,LAURENT B.Contact surface topography and system dynamics of brake squeal[J].Wear,2008,265:1784-1792.
[10]陈娟,刘琨,吕新生,等.电场活化聚合物卷筒型致动器设计方法研究[J].中国机械工程,2010,21(22):2684-2688.
[11]赖锋,王军.浅析重型汽车用盘式制动器[J].矿山机械,2005(12):42-43.
[12]BLAU P J,MCLAUGHLIN J C.Effects of water films and sliding speed on the frictional behavior of truck disc brake materials[J].Tribology International,2003,36(10):709-715.
[13]BAKAR A,RAHIM A,HAMID A,et al.Effects of pad surface topography on disc brake squeal[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2012,165:58-62.
[14]FAN S,ZHANG L,CHENG L,et al.Effect of braking pressure and braking speed on the tribological properties of C/Si C aircraft brake materials[J].Composites Science and Technology,2010,70(6):959-965.