施用生物质炭和生石灰对连作辣椒生长的影响
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摘要
为探究生物质炭和生石灰对连作辣椒生长的影响,以辣椒为材料,采用大田方式,设置8个处理,即对照处理(不加任何生物质炭和生石灰的辣椒连作土,CK);单施生物质炭处理(1.5 kg·m~(-2),T2);生物质炭+生石灰处理(1.5 kg·m~(-2)生物质炭+0.15 kg·m~(-2)生石灰,T3;1.5 kg·m~(-2)生物质炭+0.225 kg·m~(-2)生石灰,T4;3.0 kg·m~(-2)生物质炭+0.3 kg·m~(-2)生石灰,T5);单施生石灰处理(0.15 kg·m~(-2)生石灰,T6;0.225 kg·m~(-2)生石灰,T7;0.3 kg·m~(-2)生石灰,T8),研究各处理对连作辣椒生长指标、果实特征及产量疫病发病率以及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,在辣椒连作土壤中添加适量的生物质炭和生石灰能够显著促进辣椒的生长发育,改善辣椒根际土壤环境。单施生石灰或生物质炭对辣椒的各项生长指标促进效果差异较大,而适量的组合施用生石灰和生物质炭处理(T4)的辣椒株高、茎粗以及壮苗指数总体上高于其他处理,对辣椒生长促进作用最为明显。单施生物质炭处理(T2)并不能显著增加辣椒植株的鲜重和干重,而单施生石灰处理后随着施用量的增加会表现出抑制作用。T4对辣椒植株鲜重和干重增加效果明显,定植90 d时,辣椒地上部干重和鲜重、辣椒根系干重和鲜重分别增加了21.34%、21.34%、14.40%、13.34%;同时,辣椒的单株产量和总产量较CK均增加了23.37%,但与其他处理差异不显著。施用生物质炭和生石灰能够显著降低辣椒疫病的发生率,与CK相比,T5的发病率和病情指数均最低,分别为8.33%和3.47,对病害的控制作用最显著。施用生石灰和生物质炭对辣椒土壤中养分含量的增加有促进作用;各处理对土壤pH值无显著性差异(P>0.05),均在6.3～6.8之间。本研究结果为缓解辣椒连作障碍及生产实践提供了理论指导。
In order to investigate the effect of biomass charcoal and quicklime on the growth of continuous cropping pepper. Pepper was used as the material and 8 treatments were set up in the field: control treatment(CK: Pepper without any biomass charcoal and quicklime);single application of biomass charcoal treatment(1.5 kg·m~(-2),T2);combination treatment of adding biomass charcoal and quicklime(1.5 kg·m~(-2)biomass charcoal + 0.15 kg·m~(-2) quicklime,T3;1.5 kg·m~(-2) biomass charcoal + 0.225 kg·m~(-2) quicklime,T4; 3.0 kg·m~(-2) biomass charcoal+0.3 kg·m~(-2) quicklime,T5);simple quicklime treatment(0.15 kg·m~(-2),T6;0.225 kg·m~2,T7;0.3 kg·m~(-2),T8)The effects of differetn treatment of continuous cropping pepper were studied, including the growth indexes, fruit characteristics and yield, incidence of pytophthora blight and soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that adding appropriate amount of biomass charcoal and quicklime in the continuous cropping of pepper could significantly promote the growth and development of the pepper and improve the rhizosphere soil environment of the pepper.The effect of single quicklime or biomass charcoal on the growth of pepper was quite different, while the plant height, stem diameter and seedling index of pepper treated with appropriate amount of quicklime and biomass charcoal treatment(T4) were generally higher than other treatments, and the promotion of the growth of pepper was found most obviously.Single application of biomass charcoal treatment(T2) did not significantly increase the fresh weight and dry weight of pepper plants. However, the inhibition effect was observed after the increase of application amount of the single application of quicklime treatment. The effect of combination treatment(T4) on fresh weight and dry weight of pepper plants was increased obviously. The dry weight and fresh weight of hot pepper, dry weight and fresh weight of pepper root were increased by 21.34%, 21.34%, 14.40% and 13.34% respectively when the plant was fixed at 90 d. Meanwhile, the yield and total yield of pepper increased by 23.37% compared with CK, but the difference was not notable with other treatments.Using biomass carbon and lime can significantly reduce the incidence rate of pepper blight. Compared with the control, the incidence of T5 and the disease index were the lowest 8.33% and 3.47 respectively, which showed the most significant control effect on the disease.The application of quicklime and biomass charcoal promoted the increase of nutrient content in pepper soil. However, No significant difference was found in pH value between treatments(P>0.05), all of which ranged from 6.3 to 6.8. The result of this study provides guidance for mitigating the continuous cropping problems and production practices in pepper.
In order to investigate the effect of biomass charcoal and quicklime on the growth of continuous cropping pepper. Pepper was used as the material and 8 treatments were set up in the field: control treatment(CK: Pepper without any biomass charcoal and quicklime);single application of biomass charcoal treatment(1.5 kg·m~(-2),T2);combination treatment of adding biomass charcoal and quicklime(1.5 kg·m~(-2)biomass charcoal + 0.15 kg·m~(-2) quicklime,T3;1.5 kg·m~(-2) biomass charcoal + 0.225 kg·m~(-2) quicklime,T4; 3.0 kg·m~(-2) biomass charcoal+0.3 kg·m~(-2) quicklime,T5);simple quicklime treatment(0.15 kg·m~(-2),T6;0.225 kg·m~2,T7;0.3 kg·m~(-2),T8)The effects of differetn treatment of continuous cropping pepper were studied, including the growth indexes, fruit characteristics and yield, incidence of pytophthora blight and soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that adding appropriate amount of biomass charcoal and quicklime in the continuous cropping of pepper could significantly promote the growth and development of the pepper and improve the rhizosphere soil environment of the pepper.The effect of single quicklime or biomass charcoal on the growth of pepper was quite different, while the plant height, stem diameter and seedling index of pepper treated with appropriate amount of quicklime and biomass charcoal treatment(T4) were generally higher than other treatments, and the promotion of the growth of pepper was found most obviously.Single application of biomass charcoal treatment(T2) did not significantly increase the fresh weight and dry weight of pepper plants. However, the inhibition effect was observed after the increase of application amount of the single application of quicklime treatment. The effect of combination treatment(T4) on fresh weight and dry weight of pepper plants was increased obviously. The dry weight and fresh weight of hot pepper, dry weight and fresh weight of pepper root were increased by 21.34%, 21.34%, 14.40% and 13.34% respectively when the plant was fixed at 90 d. Meanwhile, the yield and total yield of pepper increased by 23.37% compared with CK, but the difference was not notable with other treatments.Using biomass carbon and lime can significantly reduce the incidence rate of pepper blight. Compared with the control, the incidence of T5 and the disease index were the lowest 8.33% and 3.47 respectively, which showed the most significant control effect on the disease.The application of quicklime and biomass charcoal promoted the increase of nutrient content in pepper soil. However, No significant difference was found in pH value between treatments(P>0.05), all of which ranged from 6.3 to 6.8. The result of this study provides guidance for mitigating the continuous cropping problems and production practices in pepper.
引文
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[2] 张瑞富, 杨恒山, 白迎春, 刘飞跃. 不同施氮量对轮作、连作红干椒生理特性及产量的影响[J]. 东北农业科学, 2011, 36(4): 28-30
[3] 李大伟, 周加顺, 潘根兴, 张旭辉, 李恋卿, 刘晓雨, 郑聚锋, 郑金伟, 程琨. 生物质炭基肥施用对蔬菜产量和品质以及氮素农学利用率的影响[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 2016, 39(3): 433-440
[4] 曾廷廷, 蔡泽江, 王小利, 梁文君, 周世伟, 徐明岗. 酸性土壤施用石灰提高作物产量的整合分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(13): 2519-2527
[5] 郭炀锐, 宋刚, 陈永亨. 土壤改良剂在放射性污染植物修复中的研究与应用进展[J]. 核农学报, 2012, 26(1): 186-191
[6] 张晓颖. 生物质炭缓解桃连作障碍的效应研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2013
[7] 胡敏, 向永生, 鲁剑巍. 石灰用量对酸性土壤酸度及大麦幼苗生长的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(20): 3896-3903
[8] Caires E F, Garbuio F J, Churka S, Barth G, Correa J C L. Effects of soil acidity amelioration by surface liming on no-till corn, soybean, and wheat root growth and yield[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2008, 28(1): 57-64
[9] 吕绍华, 范美玲. 不同石灰施用量对大棚番茄土壤酸化的影响研究[J]. 现代农业科技, 2013(16):235
[10] 杨晓, 汪林, 郭应成, 祁绍俊,肖志新, 段星屹. 增施生石灰对红花大金元生长及土传病害防控的影响[J]. 湖南农业科学, 2014(19): 26-28
[11] 李飞跃, 梁媛, 汪建飞, 赵玲. 生物炭固碳减排作用的研究进展[J]. 核农学报, 2013, 27(5): 681-686
[12] 席志楠, 李增波, 王聪颖, 史志明. 磁性生物质炭对水体中芘的去除效果研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2017, 36(1): 176-182
[13] 刘卉, 周清明, 黎娟, 张黎明, 张明发, 孙敏, 刘智炫, 陈佳亮. 生物炭施用量对土壤改良及烤烟生长的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2016, 30(7): 1411-1419
[14] 王光飞, 马艳, 郭德杰, 曹云, 罗德旭, 赵建锋, 孙玉东. 不同用量秸秆生物炭对辣椒疫病防控效果及土壤性状的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2017, 54(1): 204-215
[15] 张振兴, 纪雄辉, 谢运河, 官迪, 彭华, 朱坚, 田发祥. 水稻不同生育期施用生石灰对稻米镉含量的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2016, 35(10):1867-1872
[16] 李中阳, 齐学斌, 樊向阳, 吴海卿, 杜臻杰, 李平, 吕谋超. 生物质炭对冬小麦产量、水分利用效率及根系形态的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(12): 119-124
[17] 董传迁, 尹程程, 魏珉, 杨凤娟, 史庆华, 王秀峰. 控释肥种类及用量对番茄和甜椒穴盘育苗效果的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2014, 42(11): 3248-3252
[18] 付学鹏. 伴生分蘖洋葱调控番茄黄萎病抗性的机理研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2016
[19] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2000
[20] 武春成, 曹霞, 李天来. 黄瓜连作土壤及营养基质热处理的生物效应研究[J]. 核农学报, 2016, 30(6): 1178-1185
[21] 孙洪助. 红蓝光比例对绿叶蔬菜生理特性及品质的影响[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2014
[22] 董雅致, 徐克章, 崔喜艳, 季平, 陈展宇, 李大勇, 张治安. 不同年代大豆品种根系活力的变化及其与植株生物量的关系[J]. 植物生理学报, 2015, 51(3): 345-353
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