荸荠地土壤中铅和镉的测定及污染评价
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摘要
[目的]利用微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定荸荠地土壤中铅和镉含量,验证检测方法的检出限、准确度与精密度,分析荸荠土壤中重金属铅和镉含量。[方法]采用单因子污染指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对研究区荸荠地土壤中铅和镉的污染及其生态风险进行评价。[结果]荸荠地土壤中铅含量为10.1~25.8 mg/kg,平均值为21.9 mg/kg;镉含量为0.154~0.280 mg/kg,平均值为0.198 mg/kg。以食用农产品产地环境质量标准为评价依据,铅和镉含量均处于无污染的清洁水平。2种重金属其潜在生态危害强度镉大于铅,均处于轻微的潜在生态风险水平。[结论]研究区荸荠地土壤中铅和镉污染风险程度较低。
[Objective] Microwave digestion-graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry method was used to determine the concentrations of Pb and Cd in water chestnut soil.The detection limitation,accuracy and precision of the method were validated,the content of Pb and Cd was analyzed.[Method] The pollution degree and ecological risk of Pb and Cd of the studied water chestnut soil were analyzed by means of single pollution index and potential ecological risk index.[Result]The range of Pb concentration soils was between 10.1 mg/kg and 25.8 mg/kg,the average concentration was 21.9 mg/kg,the range of Cd concentration in soils was between 0.154 mg/kg and 0.280 mg/kg,the average concentration was0.198 mg/kg.Based on the environmental quality standard of soils for edible agricultural products,Pb and Cd concentration in soil was at clean level.Moreover,the results of potential ecological risk index showed that the potential ecological risk degree of Pb and Cd was characterized by order of Cd>Pb,the potential ecological risk of Pb and Cd was at slightly level.[Conclusion]On the whole,the pollution risk degree of Pb and Cd in water chestnut area soil is low.
[Objective] Microwave digestion-graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry method was used to determine the concentrations of Pb and Cd in water chestnut soil.The detection limitation,accuracy and precision of the method were validated,the content of Pb and Cd was analyzed.[Method] The pollution degree and ecological risk of Pb and Cd of the studied water chestnut soil were analyzed by means of single pollution index and potential ecological risk index.[Result]The range of Pb concentration soils was between 10.1 mg/kg and 25.8 mg/kg,the average concentration was 21.9 mg/kg,the range of Cd concentration in soils was between 0.154 mg/kg and 0.280 mg/kg,the average concentration was0.198 mg/kg.Based on the environmental quality standard of soils for edible agricultural products,Pb and Cd concentration in soil was at clean level.Moreover,the results of potential ecological risk index showed that the potential ecological risk degree of Pb and Cd was characterized by order of Cd>Pb,the potential ecological risk of Pb and Cd was at slightly level.[Conclusion]On the whole,the pollution risk degree of Pb and Cd in water chestnut area soil is low.
引文
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[2]毛慧,姚军,吴晶.草莓园土壤中重金属含量的研究与评价[J].现代农业科技,2016(19):181-182.
[3]王天顺,范业赓,牙禹,等.石墨炉原子吸收光谱法对果蔗地土壤镉和铅空间分布特征的研究[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(1):133-137.
[4]白秀根,尼玛拉姆.西藏日喀则农田土壤中铅和镉水平研究[J].环境卫生学杂志,2016,6(3):246-248.
[5]唐昭领,王天顺,牙禹,等.湿法消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的铅[J].光谱实验室,2012,29(6):3384-3387.
[6]CHEN W N,JIANG S J,CHEN Y L,et al.Determination of Pb in lipsticks by flow injection chemical vapor generation isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry[J].Microchemical journal,2015,119:128-132.
[7]SHAHBAZI Y,AHMADI F,FAKHARI F.Voltammetric determination of Pb,Cd,Zn,Cu and Se in milk and dairy products collected from Iran:An emphasis on permissible limits and risk assessment of exposure to heavy metals[J].Food chemistry,2016,192:1060-1067.
[8]MISHRA A K,MISHRA A,CHATTOPADHYAY P.Quantitative estimation of lead(Pb)and cadmium(Cd)content in commonly used cosmeceuticals using atomic absorption spectroscopy[J].Current pharmaceutical analysis,2016,12(3):214-219.
[9]WANG B,YU J X,HUANG B,et al.Fast monitoring soil environmental qualities of heavy metal by portable X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer[J].Spectroscopy and spectral analysis,2015,35(6):1735-1740.
[10]国家环境保护局,国家技术监督局.土壤环境质量标准:GB 15618—1995[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.
[11]广西环境保护科学研究所.土壤背景值研究方法及广西土壤背景值[M].南宁:广西科学技术出版社,1992.
[12]国家环境保护局.食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准:HJ/T 332—2006[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2006.
[13]HAKANSON L.An econological risk index for aquatic pollution control:a sedimentological approach[J].Water research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[14]黄夏,郭海蓉,许桂苹,等.广西某农灌蔗区土壤重金属含量及污染评价[J].南方农业科学,2014,45(12):2183-2187.
[15]康宏宇,康日峰,张乃明,等.迪庆某铜矿土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学导刊,2016,35(1):75-81.