福建省耕地土壤潜性酸动态变化及其驱动因素
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摘要
土壤潜性酸是植物生长的潜在限制因子,是土壤酸性调控的重要依据.按比例抽取并测定福建省耕地表层土壤代表性样点的潜性酸量和pH值,拟合潜性酸(PA)与活性酸(pH)的最优关系模型,利用全省1982年36777个、2008年236445个和2016年21269个耕地表层土壤调查样点pH等属性数据,建立3期1∶5万耕地土壤潜性酸量数据库,借助GIS技术和灰色关联分析模型探讨福建省耕地土壤潜性酸动态变化规律及其驱动因素.结果表明:1982—2016年,全省耕地土壤潜性酸量整体呈上升趋势,2008和2016年潜性酸量分别比1982年上升1.30和1.49 cmol·kg~(-1),1982—2008年的潜性酸上升速率比2008—2016年高0.03 cmol·kg~(-1)·a~(-1).1982—2016年,全省耕地土壤潜性酸变化量空间差异明显,龙岩市耕地土壤潜性酸变化量最大,比最小的三明市高4倍以上;不同利用类型耕地土壤潜性酸变化量大小依次为水田>水浇地>旱地;咸酸水稻土、潜育水稻土和淹育水稻土亚类的潜性酸变化量最大,是全省潜性酸变化量均值的1倍以上;赤红壤和盐渍水稻土亚类变化量最小,分别为全省均值的25.7%和28.4%.福建省耕地土壤潜性酸动态变化的主要驱动因素包括氮、磷肥施用量、阳离子交换量(CEC)、黏粒含量、pH和粉粒含量,灰色关联系数绝对值>0.92.科学优化施肥结构、合理施用碱性调理剂改酸是减缓福建省耕地土壤潜性酸增加的重要途径.
Soil potential acid is one of the potential factors limiting plant growth, and also an important base in soil acidity regulation. The potential acid and pH value of surface soil samples of cultivated lands in Fujian Province were proportionally selected and measured, and then the optimized relational model between soil pH and potential acid value was fitted. The 1:50 000 databases of cropland soil potential acid in 1982, 2008 and 2016 were established by using the topsoil pH data of 36777, 236445 and 21269 sampling sites collected in 1982, 2008 and 2016 respectively. The dynamics of cropland soil potential acid in Fujian Province and its driving factors were explored by the integrative method of GIS and grey correlation analysis. The results showed that the quantities of soil potential acid in cropland generally increased in Fujian Province from 1982 to 2016. Compared with 1982, the averages of soil potential acid in 2008 and 2016 increased 1.30 and 1.49 cmol·kg~(-1), respectively. The increase rate of soil potential acid from 1982 to 2008 was 0.03 cmol·kg~(-1)·a~(-1 )higher than that from 2008 to 2016. Meanwhile, the changes of cropland soil potential acid showed significant spatial difference. The change of cropland soil potential acid in Sanming was minimum, and the change in Longyan was maximum, being four times higher than that in Sanming. The change of soil potential acid in different use types of cropland was following the order: paddy field > irrigated land > dry land. The changes of soil potential acid in acid sulfate paddy soils, gleyed paddy soils and submergenic paddy soils were maximum, which were one time higher than the mean change across the whole Province, while the changes in latosolic red earths and salinized paddy soils were minimum, which were 25.7% and 28.4% of the mean change in the Province, respectively. The driving factors for the dynamics of cropland soil potential acid in Fujian Province included the application rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, cation exchange capacity(CEC), clay content, pH and silt content, with grey correlation coefficient(absolute value) being higher than 0.92. Accordingly, it would be an effective approach to slow down the increase of cropland soil potential acid in Fujian Province to optimize fertilization management and apply alkaline ameliorant scientifically.
Soil potential acid is one of the potential factors limiting plant growth, and also an important base in soil acidity regulation. The potential acid and pH value of surface soil samples of cultivated lands in Fujian Province were proportionally selected and measured, and then the optimized relational model between soil pH and potential acid value was fitted. The 1:50 000 databases of cropland soil potential acid in 1982, 2008 and 2016 were established by using the topsoil pH data of 36777, 236445 and 21269 sampling sites collected in 1982, 2008 and 2016 respectively. The dynamics of cropland soil potential acid in Fujian Province and its driving factors were explored by the integrative method of GIS and grey correlation analysis. The results showed that the quantities of soil potential acid in cropland generally increased in Fujian Province from 1982 to 2016. Compared with 1982, the averages of soil potential acid in 2008 and 2016 increased 1.30 and 1.49 cmol·kg~(-1), respectively. The increase rate of soil potential acid from 1982 to 2008 was 0.03 cmol·kg~(-1)·a~(-1 )higher than that from 2008 to 2016. Meanwhile, the changes of cropland soil potential acid showed significant spatial difference. The change of cropland soil potential acid in Sanming was minimum, and the change in Longyan was maximum, being four times higher than that in Sanming. The change of soil potential acid in different use types of cropland was following the order: paddy field > irrigated land > dry land. The changes of soil potential acid in acid sulfate paddy soils, gleyed paddy soils and submergenic paddy soils were maximum, which were one time higher than the mean change across the whole Province, while the changes in latosolic red earths and salinized paddy soils were minimum, which were 25.7% and 28.4% of the mean change in the Province, respectively. The driving factors for the dynamics of cropland soil potential acid in Fujian Province included the application rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, cation exchange capacity(CEC), clay content, pH and silt content, with grey correlation coefficient(absolute value) being higher than 0.92. Accordingly, it would be an effective approach to slow down the increase of cropland soil potential acid in Fujian Province to optimize fertilization management and apply alkaline ameliorant scientifically.
引文
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[2] Joris HAW, Caires EF, Bini AR, et al. Effects of soil acidity and water stress on corn and soybean performance under a no-till system. Plant and Soil, 2013, 365: 409-424
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[5] Zhao T-L (赵天龙), Jie G-N (解光宁), Zhang X-X (张晓霞), et al. Process and mechanism of plants in overcoming acid soil aluminum stress. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2013, 24(10): 3003-3011 (in Chinese)
[6] Alekseeva T, Alekseev A, Xu RK, et al. Effect of soil acidification induced by a tea plantation on chemical and mineralogical properties of Alfisols in eastern China. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2011, 33: 137-148
[7] Xu R-K (徐仁扣). Research progresses in soil acidification and its control. Soils (土壤), 2015, 47(2): 238-244 (in Chinese)
[8] Keskinen R, Ketoja E, Heikkinen J, et al. 35-year trends of acidity and soluble nutrients in cultivated soils of Finland. Geoderma Regional, 2016, 7: 376-387
[9] Reynolds B, Chamberlain PM, Poskitt J, et al. Countryside survey: National “soil change” 1978-2007 for topsoils in Great Britain-acidity, carbon, and total nitrogen status. Vadose Zone Journal, 2013, 12: 10.2136/vzj2012.0114
[10] Zhu Q, Vries WD, Liu X, et al. The contribution of atmospheric deposition and forest harvesting to forest soil acidification in China since 1980. Atmospheric Environment, 2016, 146: 215-222
[11] Wang Y (王寅), Zhang X-Y (张馨月), Gao Q (高强), et al. Temporal and spatial variability of soil pH in cropland of Jilin Province. Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2017, 48(2): 387-391 (in Chinese)
[12] Guo X, Li H, Yu H, et al. Drivers of spatio-temporal changes in paddy soil pH in Jiangxi Province, China from 1980 to 2010. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1): 10, doi: 1038/s41598-018-20873-5
[13] Hu M (胡敏), Xiang Y-S (向永生), Zhang Z (张智), et al. Variation characteristics of farmland soil pH in the past 30 years of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2017, 28(4): 1289-1297 (in Chinese)
[14] Mao W (毛伟),Li W-X (李文西), Gao H (高晖), et al. pH variation and the driving factors of farmlands in Yangzhou for 30 years. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer (植物营养与肥料学报), 2017, 23(4): 883-893 (in Chinese)
[15] Liu L (刘丽), Zhang Y-L (张玉龙), Yu L (虞娜), et al. Soil acidification characteristics and causes analysis in Changtu region in Liaoning Province. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University (沈阳农业大学学报), 2012, 43(2): 173-178 (in Chinese)
[16] Zhao J-X (赵吉霞), He S-J (和寿甲), Zhang Q (张庆), et al. Changes of total nitrogen and pH in plough layer of dryland in past 20 years: A case study of Mojiang County, Yunnan Province. Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2016, 47(4): 868-875 (in Chinese)
[17] Guyjd K, Path B, Rmurray L. Changes in soil pH across England and Wales in response to decreased acid deposition. Global Change Biology, 2010, 16: 3111-3119
[18] Zhang Y-C (张永春), Wang J-D (汪吉东), Cao B-G (曹丙阁), et al. Effects of rainfalls different in pH and nitrogen application on acidification of Fe-leachi-stagnicanthrosols. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2012, 49(2): 303-310 (in Chinese)
[19] Meng H-Q (孟红旗), Liu J (刘景), Xu M-G (徐明岗), et al. Evolution of pH in topsoils of typical Chinese croplands under long-term fertilization. Acta Pedo-logica Sinica (土壤学报), 2013, 50(6): 1109-1116 (in Chinese)
[20] Zhang Y, Thomase BW, Vries WD, et al. Impacts of long-term nitrogen fertilization on acid buffering rates and mechanisms of a slightly calcareous clay soil. Geoderma, 2017, 305: 92-99
[21] Breemen NV, Driscoll CT, Mulder J. Acidic deposition and internal proton sources in acidification of soils and waters. Nature, 1984, 307: 599-604
[22] Long J (龙军), Zhang L-M (张黎明), Shen J-Q (沈金泉), et al. Spatial interpolation of soil organic matter in farmlands in areas complex in landform. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2014, 51(6): 1270-1281 (in Chinese)
[23] Gan H-H (甘海华), Peng L-Y (彭凌云). Spatial varia-bility of nutrients in cultivated soils of Xinhui District, Jiangmen City. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2005, 16(8): 1437-1442 (in Chinese)
[24] Li Z-B (李增兵), Zhao G-X (赵庚星), Zhao Q-Q (赵倩倩), et al. Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for soil nutrient in cultivated land fertility evaluation. Chinese Agriculture Science Bulletin (中国农学通报), 2012, 28(20): 230-236 (in Chinese)
[25] Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院南京土壤研究所). Soil Physico-chemical Properties. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1978 (in Chinese)
[26] Fang R-H (方睿红), Chang Q-R (常庆瑞), Song L-Z (宋利珍), et al. Application of improved gray relational model in evaluation of cultivated land fertility in Qinba mountainous area. Soil and Water Conservation Bulletin (水土保持通报), 2012, 32(2): 122-126 (in Chinese)
[27] Zhou J-M (周健民), Shen R-F (沈仁芳). Dictionary of Soil Science. Beijing: Science Press, 2013 (in Chinese)
[28] Lu Y-H (鲁艳红), Yang Z-P (杨曾平), Zheng S-X (郑圣先), et al. Effects of long-term application of chemical fertilizer, pig manure, and rice straw on chemi-cal and biochemical properties of reddish paddy soil. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2010, 21(4): 921-929 (in Chinese)
[29] Liu T (刘滔), Yin G-C (尹光彩), Liu J-X (刘菊秀), et al. Impact of acid deposition on the main nutrients of subtropical forest soil. Chinese Journal of Applied & Environmental Biology (应用与环境生物学报), 2013, 19(2): 255-261 (in Chinese)
[30] Lu X, Mao Q, Gilliam FS, et al. Nitrogen deposition contributes to soil acidification in tropical ecosystems. Global Change Biology, 2014, 20: 3790-3801
[31] Schroder JL, Zhang H, Girma K, et al. Soil acidification from long-term use of nitrogen fertilizers on winter wheat. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2011, 75: 957-964
[32] Guo JH, Liu XJ, Zhang Y, et al. Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands. Science, 2010, 327: 1008
[33] Li X-H (李学恒). Soil Chemistry. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2001 (in Chinese)
[34] Fujian Statistical Bureau (福建省统计局). Fujian Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: Chinese Statistics Press, 2017 (in Chinese)
[35] National Bureau of Statistics of China (中华人民共和国国家统计局). China Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2017 (in Chinese)
[36] Fan Q-F (范庆锋), Zhang Y-L (张玉龙), Chen Z (陈重), et al. Acidity characteristics and acidification mechanism of soil in protected fields. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2009, 46(3): 466-471 (in Chinese)
[37] Xu RK, Yuan JH, Jiang J. et al. pH buffering capacity of acid soils from tropical and subtropical regions of China as influenced by incorporation of crop straw biochars. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2012, 12: 494-502
[38] Liao K-H (廖凯华), Xu S-H (徐绍辉), Cheng G-F (程桂福), et al. Influencing factors and cokriging spatial interpolation analysis of soil cation exchange capacity: A case study of Dagu River basin, Qingdao City. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2010, 47(1): 26-32 (in Chinese)
[39] Li A-F (李艾芬), Fan W-J (范文俊), Lu J-Z (陆建中), et al. Comprasion between paddy soil acidity in suburbs of Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province. Soils (土壤), 2010, 42(4): 644-647 (in Chinese)
[2] Joris HAW, Caires EF, Bini AR, et al. Effects of soil acidity and water stress on corn and soybean performance under a no-till system. Plant and Soil, 2013, 365: 409-424
[3] Huang C-Y (黄昌勇). Soil Science. 2nd ed. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000 (in Chinese)
[4] Shen CC, Xiong JB, Zhang HY, et al. Soil pH drives the spatial distribution of bacterial communities along elevation on Changbai Mountain. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2013, 57: 204-211
[5] Zhao T-L (赵天龙), Jie G-N (解光宁), Zhang X-X (张晓霞), et al. Process and mechanism of plants in overcoming acid soil aluminum stress. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2013, 24(10): 3003-3011 (in Chinese)
[6] Alekseeva T, Alekseev A, Xu RK, et al. Effect of soil acidification induced by a tea plantation on chemical and mineralogical properties of Alfisols in eastern China. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2011, 33: 137-148
[7] Xu R-K (徐仁扣). Research progresses in soil acidification and its control. Soils (土壤), 2015, 47(2): 238-244 (in Chinese)
[8] Keskinen R, Ketoja E, Heikkinen J, et al. 35-year trends of acidity and soluble nutrients in cultivated soils of Finland. Geoderma Regional, 2016, 7: 376-387
[9] Reynolds B, Chamberlain PM, Poskitt J, et al. Countryside survey: National “soil change” 1978-2007 for topsoils in Great Britain-acidity, carbon, and total nitrogen status. Vadose Zone Journal, 2013, 12: 10.2136/vzj2012.0114
[10] Zhu Q, Vries WD, Liu X, et al. The contribution of atmospheric deposition and forest harvesting to forest soil acidification in China since 1980. Atmospheric Environment, 2016, 146: 215-222
[11] Wang Y (王寅), Zhang X-Y (张馨月), Gao Q (高强), et al. Temporal and spatial variability of soil pH in cropland of Jilin Province. Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2017, 48(2): 387-391 (in Chinese)
[12] Guo X, Li H, Yu H, et al. Drivers of spatio-temporal changes in paddy soil pH in Jiangxi Province, China from 1980 to 2010. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1): 10, doi: 1038/s41598-018-20873-5
[13] Hu M (胡敏), Xiang Y-S (向永生), Zhang Z (张智), et al. Variation characteristics of farmland soil pH in the past 30 years of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2017, 28(4): 1289-1297 (in Chinese)
[14] Mao W (毛伟),Li W-X (李文西), Gao H (高晖), et al. pH variation and the driving factors of farmlands in Yangzhou for 30 years. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer (植物营养与肥料学报), 2017, 23(4): 883-893 (in Chinese)
[15] Liu L (刘丽), Zhang Y-L (张玉龙), Yu L (虞娜), et al. Soil acidification characteristics and causes analysis in Changtu region in Liaoning Province. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University (沈阳农业大学学报), 2012, 43(2): 173-178 (in Chinese)
[16] Zhao J-X (赵吉霞), He S-J (和寿甲), Zhang Q (张庆), et al. Changes of total nitrogen and pH in plough layer of dryland in past 20 years: A case study of Mojiang County, Yunnan Province. Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2016, 47(4): 868-875 (in Chinese)
[17] Guyjd K, Path B, Rmurray L. Changes in soil pH across England and Wales in response to decreased acid deposition. Global Change Biology, 2010, 16: 3111-3119
[18] Zhang Y-C (张永春), Wang J-D (汪吉东), Cao B-G (曹丙阁), et al. Effects of rainfalls different in pH and nitrogen application on acidification of Fe-leachi-stagnicanthrosols. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2012, 49(2): 303-310 (in Chinese)
[19] Meng H-Q (孟红旗), Liu J (刘景), Xu M-G (徐明岗), et al. Evolution of pH in topsoils of typical Chinese croplands under long-term fertilization. Acta Pedo-logica Sinica (土壤学报), 2013, 50(6): 1109-1116 (in Chinese)
[20] Zhang Y, Thomase BW, Vries WD, et al. Impacts of long-term nitrogen fertilization on acid buffering rates and mechanisms of a slightly calcareous clay soil. Geoderma, 2017, 305: 92-99
[21] Breemen NV, Driscoll CT, Mulder J. Acidic deposition and internal proton sources in acidification of soils and waters. Nature, 1984, 307: 599-604
[22] Long J (龙军), Zhang L-M (张黎明), Shen J-Q (沈金泉), et al. Spatial interpolation of soil organic matter in farmlands in areas complex in landform. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2014, 51(6): 1270-1281 (in Chinese)
[23] Gan H-H (甘海华), Peng L-Y (彭凌云). Spatial varia-bility of nutrients in cultivated soils of Xinhui District, Jiangmen City. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2005, 16(8): 1437-1442 (in Chinese)
[24] Li Z-B (李增兵), Zhao G-X (赵庚星), Zhao Q-Q (赵倩倩), et al. Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for soil nutrient in cultivated land fertility evaluation. Chinese Agriculture Science Bulletin (中国农学通报), 2012, 28(20): 230-236 (in Chinese)
[25] Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院南京土壤研究所). Soil Physico-chemical Properties. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1978 (in Chinese)
[26] Fang R-H (方睿红), Chang Q-R (常庆瑞), Song L-Z (宋利珍), et al. Application of improved gray relational model in evaluation of cultivated land fertility in Qinba mountainous area. Soil and Water Conservation Bulletin (水土保持通报), 2012, 32(2): 122-126 (in Chinese)
[27] Zhou J-M (周健民), Shen R-F (沈仁芳). Dictionary of Soil Science. Beijing: Science Press, 2013 (in Chinese)
[28] Lu Y-H (鲁艳红), Yang Z-P (杨曾平), Zheng S-X (郑圣先), et al. Effects of long-term application of chemical fertilizer, pig manure, and rice straw on chemi-cal and biochemical properties of reddish paddy soil. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2010, 21(4): 921-929 (in Chinese)
[29] Liu T (刘滔), Yin G-C (尹光彩), Liu J-X (刘菊秀), et al. Impact of acid deposition on the main nutrients of subtropical forest soil. Chinese Journal of Applied & Environmental Biology (应用与环境生物学报), 2013, 19(2): 255-261 (in Chinese)
[30] Lu X, Mao Q, Gilliam FS, et al. Nitrogen deposition contributes to soil acidification in tropical ecosystems. Global Change Biology, 2014, 20: 3790-3801
[31] Schroder JL, Zhang H, Girma K, et al. Soil acidification from long-term use of nitrogen fertilizers on winter wheat. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2011, 75: 957-964
[32] Guo JH, Liu XJ, Zhang Y, et al. Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands. Science, 2010, 327: 1008
[33] Li X-H (李学恒). Soil Chemistry. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2001 (in Chinese)
[34] Fujian Statistical Bureau (福建省统计局). Fujian Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: Chinese Statistics Press, 2017 (in Chinese)
[35] National Bureau of Statistics of China (中华人民共和国国家统计局). China Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2017 (in Chinese)
[36] Fan Q-F (范庆锋), Zhang Y-L (张玉龙), Chen Z (陈重), et al. Acidity characteristics and acidification mechanism of soil in protected fields. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2009, 46(3): 466-471 (in Chinese)
[37] Xu RK, Yuan JH, Jiang J. et al. pH buffering capacity of acid soils from tropical and subtropical regions of China as influenced by incorporation of crop straw biochars. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2012, 12: 494-502
[38] Liao K-H (廖凯华), Xu S-H (徐绍辉), Cheng G-F (程桂福), et al. Influencing factors and cokriging spatial interpolation analysis of soil cation exchange capacity: A case study of Dagu River basin, Qingdao City. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2010, 47(1): 26-32 (in Chinese)
[39] Li A-F (李艾芬), Fan W-J (范文俊), Lu J-Z (陆建中), et al. Comprasion between paddy soil acidity in suburbs of Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province. Soils (土壤), 2010, 42(4): 644-647 (in Chinese)