基于探索性数据分析的汉丰湖富营养化驱动因子研究
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摘要
为了探究汉丰湖富营养化驱动因子和营养状况,基于2014年水质监测数据,应用探索性数据分析方法初步研究了汉丰湖水动力条件与环境因子的相关性、水质主成分、相关环境因子熵权和营养健康指数。回归分析结果表明:水位与透明度呈正相关,流量与DO呈负相关,与流速呈负相关的因子为Chla、COD_(Mn)、NH_4~+-N和DTP;主成分分析提取的3个主成分分别反映了营养盐、有机污染以及藻类信息;DO、TN和TP的熵权表明汉丰湖水体的富营养状况受制于耗氧有机污染和氮、磷营养盐;营养健康指数S1>S3>S6(湖心)>S7(湖尾)>S5(湖首)>S4>S2。汉丰湖水体营养状况介于中营养到轻富营养,其中南河营养状态较高,湖心营养程度高于湖首和湖尾。减少有机污染物、营养盐的输入和改善局部水域的水动力条件可抑制藻类生长,有利于防治富营养化。
In order to study the eutrophication driven factors and its status in Hanfeng Lake,exploratory data analysis were applied to analyze the relationship between hydrodynamic conditions and environmental factors,the principal component of water quality,the related environmental factors of entropy weight and NHI( Nutritional Health Index). The results of regression analysis show that a positive correlation between water level and transparency,and negative correlations among flow discharge and DO,Chla,CODMn,NH+4-Nand DTP; three principal component were extracted by Principal Component Analysis( PCA), which represneted nutrients,organic pollutants and algaes,respectively. The entropy weights of DO,TN,TP show that the eutrophication status of Hanfeng lake were subjected to aerobic organic pollutants,nitrogen and phosphorus. The nutritional health index show that S1 >S3 > S6( the center of lake) >S7( the tail of lake) > S5( the head of lake) > S4 >S2.In general,the eutrophication level of Hanfeng lake was ranged from mesotropher to light eutropher,with higher nutrient levels in South river,and higher nutrient in the center of lake when campare to the head and the tail of lake. In conclusion,reducing the input of organic pollutants and nutrient,and improving the hydrodynamic conditions of the local area are able to efficiently inhibit the growth of algae,which favors to the control of eutrophication.
In order to study the eutrophication driven factors and its status in Hanfeng Lake,exploratory data analysis were applied to analyze the relationship between hydrodynamic conditions and environmental factors,the principal component of water quality,the related environmental factors of entropy weight and NHI( Nutritional Health Index). The results of regression analysis show that a positive correlation between water level and transparency,and negative correlations among flow discharge and DO,Chla,CODMn,NH+4-Nand DTP; three principal component were extracted by Principal Component Analysis( PCA), which represneted nutrients,organic pollutants and algaes,respectively. The entropy weights of DO,TN,TP show that the eutrophication status of Hanfeng lake were subjected to aerobic organic pollutants,nitrogen and phosphorus. The nutritional health index show that S1 >S3 > S6( the center of lake) >S7( the tail of lake) > S5( the head of lake) > S4 >S2.In general,the eutrophication level of Hanfeng lake was ranged from mesotropher to light eutropher,with higher nutrient levels in South river,and higher nutrient in the center of lake when campare to the head and the tail of lake. In conclusion,reducing the input of organic pollutants and nutrient,and improving the hydrodynamic conditions of the local area are able to efficiently inhibit the growth of algae,which favors to the control of eutrophication.
引文
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[18]许学鹏.三峡水库初期蓄水对嘉陵江下游及河口段水体富营养化影响研究[D].重庆大学,2011.XU X P.Research on eutrophication effect of storing water in Three Gorges on Jialing River downstream and estuary section[D].Chongqing University,2011.
[19]ELLISON M E,BRETT M T.Particulate phosphorus bioavailability as a function of stream flow and land cover[J].Water Research,2006,40(6):1258-68.
[20]祖波,周领,李国权,等.三峡库区重庆段某排污口下游污染物降解研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(1):134-141.ZU B,ZHOU L,LI G Q,et al.Degradation of pollutants in the downstream of a sewage outfall in Chongqin Section of Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2017,26(1):134-141.
[21]彭进平,逄勇,李一平,等.水动力条件对湖泊水体磷素质量浓度的影响[J].生态环境学报,2003,12(4):388-392.PENG J P,FENG Y,LI Y P,et al.The effect of water dynamical condition on phosphorus in lake[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2003,12(4):388-392.
[22]黄祺,何丙辉,赵秀兰,等.三峡蓄水期间汉丰湖消落区营养状态时间变化[J].环境科学,2015(3):928-935.HUANG Q,HE B H,ZHAO X L,et al.Temporal variation of tropic status in drawdown area of Hanfeng Lake in the storage period of Three Gorges Reservoir in China[J].Environmental Science,2015(3):928-935.
[23]杨红,李春新,印春生,等.象山港不同温度区围隔浮游生态系统营养盐迁移——转化的模拟对比[J].水产学报,2011,35(7):1030-1036.YANG H,LI C X,YIN C S,et al.Contrast of simulation nutrients transport and transformation with pelagic ecosystems of mesocosm in different temperature sections in Xiangshan Bay[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2011,35(7):1030-1036.
[2]ABE K,TSUJINO M,NAKAGAWA N,et al.Characteristic of Si:P:N ratio in bottom water in central Suo-Nada,western Seto Inland Sea[J].Journal of Oceanography,2015,71(1):53-63.
[3]李为,都雪,林明利,等.基于PCA和SOM网络的洪泽湖水质时空变化特征分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(12):1593.LI W,DU X,LIN M L,et al.Spatial-temporal variation characteristics of water quanlity in Hongze Lake based on PCA and SOM[J],Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2013,22(12):1593.
[4]贾振睿,孙力平,钟远,等.天津水上公园景观湖叶绿素a与水质因子的主成分线性多元回归分析[J].生态科学,2015,34(4):125-130.JIA Z R,SUN L P,ZHONG Y,et al.Principal Component linear regression analysis on Chlorophylla and environmental factors in Tianjin Aquatic Park Landscape Lake[J].Ecological Science,2015,34(4):125-130.
[5]徐静波.水位变动下消落带湿地公园的生态规划研究[D].重庆大学,2011.XU J B.Study on ecological planning for wetland park in the water-level-fluctuation zone[D].Chongqin University,2011.
[6]郑志伟,胡莲,邹曦,等.汉丰湖富营养化综合评价与水环境容量分析[J].水生态学杂志,2014(5):22-27.ZHENG Z W,HU L,ZOU X,et al.Eutrophication assessment and analysis of nutrient loading in Hanfeng Lake[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2014(5):22-27.
[7]王宇飞,赵秀兰,何丙辉,等.汉丰湖夏季浮游植物群落与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].环境科学,2015(3):922-927.WANG Y F,ZHAO X L,HE B H,et al.Canonical correspondence analysis of summer phytoplankton community and its environmental factors in Hanfeng Lake[J].Environmental Science,2015(3):922-927.
[8]BO Y U,HUANG C M,CHEN L,et al.Fuzzy synthetic assessment on ecosystem health of Chaohu Lake water based on entropy weight[J].Sichuan Environment,2010.
[9]谢飞,顾继光,林彰文.基于主成分分析和熵权的水库生态系统健康评价——以海南省万宁水库为例[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(6):1773-1779.XIE F,GU J G,LIN Z W.Assessment of aquatic ecosystem health based on principal component analysis with entropy weight:A case study of Wanning Reservoir(Hainan Island,China)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(6):1773-1779.
[10]刘霞,刘宝贵,陈宇炜,等.鄱阳湖浮游植物叶绿素a及营养盐浓度对水位波动的响应[J].环境科学,2016,37(6):2141-2148.]LIU X,LIU B G,CHEN Y W,et al.Response of nutrients and chlorophyll a to water level fluctuations in Poyang Lake[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(6):2141-2148.
[11]张呈,郭劲松,李哲,等.三峡小江回水区透明度季节变化及其影响因子分析[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(2):189-194.ZHANG C,GUO J S,LI Z,et al.Seasonal variation of transparency and its regulating factors in the Xiaojiang Backwater Area,Three Gorges Reservoir[J].J Lake Sci,2010,22(2):189-194.
[12]胡茂林,吴志强,刘引兰.鄱阳湖湖口水位特性及其对水环境的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2010,03(1):6-11.HU M L,WU Z Q,LIU Y L.Characteristics of water level and Its effects on water environmental factors in Hukou Area of Poyang Lake[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2010,03(1):6-11.
[13]沈忱,吕平毓,冯顺新,等.向家坝水库蓄水对下游江段溶解氧饱和度影响研究[J].淡水渔业,2014(6):31-36.SHEN C,LV P Y,FENG S X,et al.Study on the effect of the Xiangjiaba Reservoir’s important on the dissolved oxygen saturation in the downstream rivers[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2014(6):31-36.
[14]谭德彩.三峡工程致气体过饱和对鱼类致死效应的研究[D].西南大学,2006.TAN D C.Research on the lethal effect of the dissolved gas super-saturation resulted from Three Gorges Project to fish[D].Southwest University,2006.
[15]ACUNA V,VILCHES C,GIORGI A.As productive and slow as a stream can be—the metabolism of a Pampean stream[J].Freshwater Science,2011,30(Volume 30,Number 1):71-83.
[16]MITROVIC S M,HARDWICK L,DORANI F.Use of flow management to mitigate cyanobacterial blooms in the Lower Darling River,Australia[J].Journal of Plankton Research,2011,33(2):229-241.
[17]李哲,张曾宇,杨中华,等.三峡澎溪河回水区流速对藻类原位生长速率的影响[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(5):880-886.LI Z,ZHANG Z Y,YANG Z H,et al.Effects of flow speed on the change of in suit growth rates of algae in Pengxi River Backwater Zone,Three Gorges Reservoir[J].J.Lake Sci.,2015,27(5):880-886.
[18]许学鹏.三峡水库初期蓄水对嘉陵江下游及河口段水体富营养化影响研究[D].重庆大学,2011.XU X P.Research on eutrophication effect of storing water in Three Gorges on Jialing River downstream and estuary section[D].Chongqing University,2011.
[19]ELLISON M E,BRETT M T.Particulate phosphorus bioavailability as a function of stream flow and land cover[J].Water Research,2006,40(6):1258-68.
[20]祖波,周领,李国权,等.三峡库区重庆段某排污口下游污染物降解研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(1):134-141.ZU B,ZHOU L,LI G Q,et al.Degradation of pollutants in the downstream of a sewage outfall in Chongqin Section of Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2017,26(1):134-141.
[21]彭进平,逄勇,李一平,等.水动力条件对湖泊水体磷素质量浓度的影响[J].生态环境学报,2003,12(4):388-392.PENG J P,FENG Y,LI Y P,et al.The effect of water dynamical condition on phosphorus in lake[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2003,12(4):388-392.
[22]黄祺,何丙辉,赵秀兰,等.三峡蓄水期间汉丰湖消落区营养状态时间变化[J].环境科学,2015(3):928-935.HUANG Q,HE B H,ZHAO X L,et al.Temporal variation of tropic status in drawdown area of Hanfeng Lake in the storage period of Three Gorges Reservoir in China[J].Environmental Science,2015(3):928-935.
[23]杨红,李春新,印春生,等.象山港不同温度区围隔浮游生态系统营养盐迁移——转化的模拟对比[J].水产学报,2011,35(7):1030-1036.YANG H,LI C X,YIN C S,et al.Contrast of simulation nutrients transport and transformation with pelagic ecosystems of mesocosm in different temperature sections in Xiangshan Bay[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2011,35(7):1030-1036.