我国技术要素价格市场化定价方法研究——以油气技术为例
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摘要
在社会主义市场经济条件下,技术作为一种重要的生产要素需要进行市场化定价。这是实现科技创新成果转化应用,从而推进创新驱动发展的重要动力。本文以具有典型行业特征和垄断性的油气技术为例,将技术价值作为技术定价的前提,借鉴国内外主要的技术价值和价格评估模型,构建油气技术要素收益区间的价值让渡定价方法。该方法遵从技术价格形成规律,采用供需双方在可接受的上下限之间进行谈判的实现机制,利用全成本法确定技术价值下限,应用收益现值法确定技术价值上限,技术交易参考价格等于技术基础价格与技术需求方价格让渡值之和。本文对比选择中国石油集团公司下属单位的5项具有代表性油气勘探开发技术进行定价方法的应用研究。
Under the condition of socialist market economy, pricing technology as an important production element is an important driving force to realize transformation and application of scientific and technological innovation achievements, so as to promote the process of innovation-driven development. Taking oil and gas technology with typical industry characteristics and monopoly as an example, taking technology value as the premise of technology pricing, inheriting and developing the main technology value and price evaluation models at home and abroad, constructing pricing method based on value delivered which is in technical element revenue extent. It follows the realization mechanism that the supply and demand sides usually negotiate between acceptable upper and lower limits, uses the all-cost method to determine the lower limit of technology value, and applies the present value method to determine the upper limit of technology value. So, the reference price is the sum of value delivered which is between the base price and the demand price. Compared with the subsidiary units of China National Petroleum Corporation, chooses five representative oil and gas exploration and development technologies to do application research.
Under the condition of socialist market economy, pricing technology as an important production element is an important driving force to realize transformation and application of scientific and technological innovation achievements, so as to promote the process of innovation-driven development. Taking oil and gas technology with typical industry characteristics and monopoly as an example, taking technology value as the premise of technology pricing, inheriting and developing the main technology value and price evaluation models at home and abroad, constructing pricing method based on value delivered which is in technical element revenue extent. It follows the realization mechanism that the supply and demand sides usually negotiate between acceptable upper and lower limits, uses the all-cost method to determine the lower limit of technology value, and applies the present value method to determine the upper limit of technology value. So, the reference price is the sum of value delivered which is between the base price and the demand price. Compared with the subsidiary units of China National Petroleum Corporation, chooses five representative oil and gas exploration and development technologies to do application research.
引文
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[2]童利忠、马继征.技术转让中技术定价问题的研究[J].四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2002(6).
[3]孙裕君.技术成果转让价格的评估准则、方法与参数[J].情报科学,2003(8).
[4]彭必源.对技术要素按贡献参与收入分配的理论思考[J].湖北社会科学,2004(10).
[5]卢奇.现代企业技术要素价格理论探讨[J].价格理论与实践,2005(3).
[6]罗家荣、郭敖生.技术价值评估方法的讨论[J].中国资产评估,2005(11).
[7]赵春玲、王玲俐.关于我国技术商品交易定价的思考[J].价格理论与实践,2006(4).
[8]李爱华.对技术资产评估中收益分成率确定方法的探讨[J].会计之友,2006(10).
[9]鞠春临、周泉佚、刘建宁.基于生命周期的技术定价模型研究[J].科技进步与对策,2006(10).
[10]丁战、段辉.多属性综合评价模型在技术分成率确定中的应用[J].技术经济与管理研究,2007(2).
[11]宋伟、盛四辈.采用区间价格模型评估技术资产[J].中国资产评估,2009(5).
[12]娄岩、张虹、黄鲁成.新技术价值评估研究综述[J].科技管理研究,2010(17).
[13]陈英超、李春新、司云波、孙竹、冯连勇.石油企业有形化技术价值评估探索[J].石油科技论坛,2016(6).
[14]姜子昂、何春蕾、段言志,等.我国天然气价格理论体系建构的思考[J].价格理论与实践,2016(7).
[15]程海森.技术市场价格指数编制研究——以北京技术市场价格指数为例[J].价格理论与实践,2017(2).
[16]辜穗、罗旻海,等.对加快推进油气技术价值化的思考[J].国际石油经济,2017(7).
[17]吕旭宁.科技智库人才引进、培养、使用和管理研究[J].科技管理研究,2018(10).