气候变暖背景下西太平洋副热带高压体形态变异及热力原因
|
摘要
采用美国NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,利用相关、合成分析、大气热源的计算等方法,研究了气候变暖背景下西太平洋副热带高压(副高)空间形态的变异及热力原因。结果表明,气候变暖前、后各层副高形态特征有很大的差异,副高体的空间形态从850—700 hPa开始显著西伸南扩,到500 hPa最为明显。各层副高在冷、暖期的形态差异与其周围大气热源和涡度的变化相对应。随着气候变暖,副高西侧和南侧的大气热源在850—700 hPa上开始有明显的加强,500 hPa热源加强最明显,且副高体南侧热源中心有所南移;同时,其西侧和南侧从对流层低层至中高层有反气旋涡度的增大,西侧的反气旋涡度在850—700 hPa增大最明显,南侧的反气旋涡度在500 hPa增大最明显,且反气旋中心整体南移。表明气候变暖后,副高体西侧和南侧大气热源的加强,导致相应区域反气旋涡度增大,副高体向反气旋涡度增大的方向发展,从而使副高西脊点西伸,南边界南扩,整体南移。
Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the variation of spatial pattern of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH) and the thermodynamic mechanisms leading to the variation, under the background of global warming, are investigated through correlation and composite analysis and calculation of the atmospheric heat sources. It shows that the pattern of the WPSH on all levels varies significantly following the global warming. The scope of the WPSH is found to expand westward and southward above 850-700 hPa, particularly at 500 hPa. The patterns of the WPSH are consistent with the distributions of surrounding heat sources and voticitity both in the cold and warm epochs. Along with the global warming, the heat sources strengthen on the western and southern sides of the WPSH above 850-700 hPa, particularly at 500 hPa, while the heat sources at the southern side move southward. Meanwhile, the anticyclonic vorticity tends to increase on the western and southern sides of the WPSH through the troposphere. Specifically, the most obvious increasing tendency is concentrated in the layer between 850 hPa and 700 hPa on the western side and at 500 hPa on the southern side, while the heat sources as a whole move southward. In summary, the anticyclonic vorticity increases as the heat sources strengthen along with the global warming at the western and southern sides of the WPSH. Consequently, the WPSH expands westward and southward and moves southward as a whole, since it tends to expand following the increasing anticyclonic vorticity.
Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the variation of spatial pattern of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH) and the thermodynamic mechanisms leading to the variation, under the background of global warming, are investigated through correlation and composite analysis and calculation of the atmospheric heat sources. It shows that the pattern of the WPSH on all levels varies significantly following the global warming. The scope of the WPSH is found to expand westward and southward above 850-700 hPa, particularly at 500 hPa. The patterns of the WPSH are consistent with the distributions of surrounding heat sources and voticitity both in the cold and warm epochs. Along with the global warming, the heat sources strengthen on the western and southern sides of the WPSH above 850-700 hPa, particularly at 500 hPa, while the heat sources at the southern side move southward. Meanwhile, the anticyclonic vorticity tends to increase on the western and southern sides of the WPSH through the troposphere. Specifically, the most obvious increasing tendency is concentrated in the layer between 850 hPa and 700 hPa on the western side and at 500 hPa on the southern side, while the heat sources as a whole move southward. In summary, the anticyclonic vorticity increases as the heat sources strengthen along with the global warming at the western and southern sides of the WPSH. Consequently, the WPSH expands westward and southward and moves southward as a whole, since it tends to expand following the increasing anticyclonic vorticity.
引文
黄荣辉, 李维京. 1988. 夏季热带西太平洋上空的热源异常对东亚上空副热带高压的影响及其物理机制. 大气科学, 12(S1): 107-116. Huang R H, Li W J. 1988. Influence of heat source anomaly over the western tropical Pacific on the subtropical high over East Asia and its physical mechanism. Chinese J Atmos Sci, 12(S1): 107-116 (in Chinese)
刘屹岷, 刘辉, 刘平等. 1999a. 空间非均匀加热对副热带高压形成和变异的影响Ⅱ:陆面感热与东太平洋副高. 气象学报, 57(4): 385-396. Liu Y M, Liu H, Liu P, et al. 1999a. The effect of spatially nonuniform heating on the formation and variation of Subtropical High Part Ⅱ: Land surface sensible heating and East Pacific Subtropical High. Acta Meteor Sinica, 57(4): 385-396 (in Chinese)
刘屹岷, 吴国雄, 刘辉等. 1999b. 空间非均匀加热对副热带高压形成和变异的影响Ⅲ:凝结潜热加热与南亚高压及西太平洋副高. 气象学报, 57(5): 525-538. Liu Y M, Wu G X, Liu H, et al. 1999b. The effect of spatially nonuniform heating on the formation and variation of Subtropical High Part Ⅲ:Condensation heating and South Asia High and Western Pacific Subtropical High. Acta Meteor Sinica, 57(5): 525-538 (in Chinese)
钱代丽, 管兆勇, 王黎娟. 2009. 近57a夏季西太平洋副高面积的年代际振荡及其与中国降水的联系. 大气科学学报, 32(5): 677-685. Qian D L, Guan Z Y, Wang L J. 2009. Interdecadal variations of West Pacific Subtropical High area and changes in summer precipitation over China in boreal summer during the last 57 years. Trans Atmos Sci, 32(5): 677-685 (in Chinese)
孙圣杰, 李栋梁. 2016. 近60年气候冷暖波动背景下西太平洋副高特征的变异及其与海温关系的变化. 热带气象学报, 32(5): 697-707. Sun S J, Li D L. 2016. Variation of the West Pacific Subtropical High and its changeable relationship with SST under the backgroung of cold or warm climate fluctuation in the recent 60 years. J Trop Meteor, 32(5): 697-707 (in Chinese)
王黎娟, 温敏, 罗玲等. 2005. 西太平洋副高位置变动与大气热源的关系. 热带气象学报, 21(5): 488-496. Wang L J, Wen M, Luo L, et al. 2005. The relationship between the position variation of the West Pacific Subtropical High and the apparent heating. J Trop Meteor, 21(5): 488-496 (in Chinese)
吴国雄, 刘屹岷, 刘平. 1999a. 空间非均匀加热对副热带高压带形成和变异的影响Ⅰ:尺度分析. 气象学报, 57(3): 257-263. Wu G X, Liu Y M, Liu P. 1999a. The effect of spatially nonuniform heating on the formation and variation of Subtropical High Ⅰ: Scale analysis. Acta Meteor Sinica, 57(3): 257-263 (in Chinese)
吴国雄, 刘还珠. 1999b. 全型垂直涡度倾向方程和倾斜涡度发展. 气象学报, 57(1): 1-15. Wu G X, Liu H Z. 1999b. Complete form of vertical vorticity tendency equation and slantwise vorticity development. Acta Meteor Sinica, 57(1): 1-15 (in Chinese)
吴国雄, 丑纪范, 刘屹岷等. 2003. 副热带高压研究进展及展望. 大气科学, 27(4): 503-517. Wu G X, Chou J F, Liu Y M, et al. 2003. Review and prospect of the study on the subtropical anticyclone. Chinese J Atmos Sci, 27(4): 503-517 (in Chinese)
杨义文. 1989. 西太平洋副高的位置和强度间的关系. 气象, 15(1): 28-32. Yang Y W. 1989. The relationship between the position and intensity of the Western Pacific Subtropical High. Meteor Mon, 15(1): 28-32 (in Chinese)
张莉萍, 李栋梁, 李潇. 2014. 气候变暖背景下南海夏季风建立和结束日期及与其强度的关系. 热带气象学报, 30(6): 1037-1047. Zhang L P, Li D L, Li X. 2014. Definition of onset and retreat date of the south China Sea Summer Monsoon and the relation with its strength under the background of climate warming. J Trop Meteor, 30(6): 1037-1047 (in Chinese)
Gong D Y, Ho C H. 2002. Shift in the summer rainfall over the Yangtze River valley in the late 1970s. Geophys Res Lett, 29(10): 1436
Yanai M, Esbensen S, Chu J H. 1973. Determination of bulk properties of tropical cloud clusters from large-scale heat and moisture budgets. J Atmos Sci, 30(4): 611-627
Yang H, Sun S Q. 2003. Longitudinal displacement of the subtropical high in the Western Pacific in summer and its influence. Adv Atmos Sci, 20(6): 921-933
刘屹岷, 刘辉, 刘平等. 1999a. 空间非均匀加热对副热带高压形成和变异的影响Ⅱ:陆面感热与东太平洋副高. 气象学报, 57(4): 385-396. Liu Y M, Liu H, Liu P, et al. 1999a. The effect of spatially nonuniform heating on the formation and variation of Subtropical High Part Ⅱ: Land surface sensible heating and East Pacific Subtropical High. Acta Meteor Sinica, 57(4): 385-396 (in Chinese)
刘屹岷, 吴国雄, 刘辉等. 1999b. 空间非均匀加热对副热带高压形成和变异的影响Ⅲ:凝结潜热加热与南亚高压及西太平洋副高. 气象学报, 57(5): 525-538. Liu Y M, Wu G X, Liu H, et al. 1999b. The effect of spatially nonuniform heating on the formation and variation of Subtropical High Part Ⅲ:Condensation heating and South Asia High and Western Pacific Subtropical High. Acta Meteor Sinica, 57(5): 525-538 (in Chinese)
钱代丽, 管兆勇, 王黎娟. 2009. 近57a夏季西太平洋副高面积的年代际振荡及其与中国降水的联系. 大气科学学报, 32(5): 677-685. Qian D L, Guan Z Y, Wang L J. 2009. Interdecadal variations of West Pacific Subtropical High area and changes in summer precipitation over China in boreal summer during the last 57 years. Trans Atmos Sci, 32(5): 677-685 (in Chinese)
孙圣杰, 李栋梁. 2016. 近60年气候冷暖波动背景下西太平洋副高特征的变异及其与海温关系的变化. 热带气象学报, 32(5): 697-707. Sun S J, Li D L. 2016. Variation of the West Pacific Subtropical High and its changeable relationship with SST under the backgroung of cold or warm climate fluctuation in the recent 60 years. J Trop Meteor, 32(5): 697-707 (in Chinese)
王黎娟, 温敏, 罗玲等. 2005. 西太平洋副高位置变动与大气热源的关系. 热带气象学报, 21(5): 488-496. Wang L J, Wen M, Luo L, et al. 2005. The relationship between the position variation of the West Pacific Subtropical High and the apparent heating. J Trop Meteor, 21(5): 488-496 (in Chinese)
吴国雄, 刘屹岷, 刘平. 1999a. 空间非均匀加热对副热带高压带形成和变异的影响Ⅰ:尺度分析. 气象学报, 57(3): 257-263. Wu G X, Liu Y M, Liu P. 1999a. The effect of spatially nonuniform heating on the formation and variation of Subtropical High Ⅰ: Scale analysis. Acta Meteor Sinica, 57(3): 257-263 (in Chinese)
吴国雄, 刘还珠. 1999b. 全型垂直涡度倾向方程和倾斜涡度发展. 气象学报, 57(1): 1-15. Wu G X, Liu H Z. 1999b. Complete form of vertical vorticity tendency equation and slantwise vorticity development. Acta Meteor Sinica, 57(1): 1-15 (in Chinese)
吴国雄, 丑纪范, 刘屹岷等. 2003. 副热带高压研究进展及展望. 大气科学, 27(4): 503-517. Wu G X, Chou J F, Liu Y M, et al. 2003. Review and prospect of the study on the subtropical anticyclone. Chinese J Atmos Sci, 27(4): 503-517 (in Chinese)
杨义文. 1989. 西太平洋副高的位置和强度间的关系. 气象, 15(1): 28-32. Yang Y W. 1989. The relationship between the position and intensity of the Western Pacific Subtropical High. Meteor Mon, 15(1): 28-32 (in Chinese)
张莉萍, 李栋梁, 李潇. 2014. 气候变暖背景下南海夏季风建立和结束日期及与其强度的关系. 热带气象学报, 30(6): 1037-1047. Zhang L P, Li D L, Li X. 2014. Definition of onset and retreat date of the south China Sea Summer Monsoon and the relation with its strength under the background of climate warming. J Trop Meteor, 30(6): 1037-1047 (in Chinese)
Gong D Y, Ho C H. 2002. Shift in the summer rainfall over the Yangtze River valley in the late 1970s. Geophys Res Lett, 29(10): 1436
Yanai M, Esbensen S, Chu J H. 1973. Determination of bulk properties of tropical cloud clusters from large-scale heat and moisture budgets. J Atmos Sci, 30(4): 611-627
Yang H, Sun S Q. 2003. Longitudinal displacement of the subtropical high in the Western Pacific in summer and its influence. Adv Atmos Sci, 20(6): 921-933