充水阶段无压输水洞岔洞段水力特性
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摘要
长距离无压引水洞岔洞是影响水流流态和分流量的关键水工建筑物之一,充水阶段流态复杂。通过Fluent软件对不同入口流量、岔洞夹角下的无压卜型岔洞充水阶段进行了数值仿真研究,并通过模型试验对不同入口流量下水流平稳后的岔洞段各监测断面水深及支洞分流比进行了验证。结果显示,充水阶段支洞分流比对入口流量敏感性小,岔洞夹角在15°～45°范围内变化时,分流比变化较大。另外,岔洞夹角增至60°时,侧支洞外侧上部水流出现回流区。岔洞夹角对总干水面线影响较小,岔洞段各断面水位随入口流量增加而升高。
The long-distance,non-pressure branch tunnel is a hydraulic structure that affects the flow regime and discharge ratio. In the water-filling stage,there are complex flow regimes in the branch tunnel. In this paper,the numerical simulation calculation in the non-pressure branch tunnel at the water filling stage,considering different inlet flows and diversion angles,was carried out by the FLUENT software. At the same time,the water depth at each monitoring station and the discharge ratio for the branch tunnel,after the water flow is stable for different inlet flows,were verified by the model test. The results show that the inlet flow during the water filling stage has little effect on the discharge ratio,which depends mostly on the diversion angles,between 15° and 45°,considered in the simulation.In addition,a recirculation zone appears in the upper flow outside of the lateral branch when the diversion angle is increased to 60°. The change in the diversion angle has little effect on the main tunnel water surface line. The water level in each tunnel section increases when the inlet flow increases.
The long-distance,non-pressure branch tunnel is a hydraulic structure that affects the flow regime and discharge ratio. In the water-filling stage,there are complex flow regimes in the branch tunnel. In this paper,the numerical simulation calculation in the non-pressure branch tunnel at the water filling stage,considering different inlet flows and diversion angles,was carried out by the FLUENT software. At the same time,the water depth at each monitoring station and the discharge ratio for the branch tunnel,after the water flow is stable for different inlet flows,were verified by the model test. The results show that the inlet flow during the water filling stage has little effect on the discharge ratio,which depends mostly on the diversion angles,between 15° and 45°,considered in the simulation.In addition,a recirculation zone appears in the upper flow outside of the lateral branch when the diversion angle is increased to 60°. The change in the diversion angle has little effect on the main tunnel water surface line. The water level in each tunnel section increases when the inlet flow increases.
引文
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[16] 王晓玲,段琦琦,佟大威,等.长距离无压引水隧洞水气两相流数值模拟[J].水利学报,2009,40(5):596- 601.(WANG X L,DUAN Q Q,TONG D W,et al.Numerical simulation of water vapor and gas two phase flow in long distance non-pressure diversion tunnel [J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2009,40(5):596- 601.(in Chinese))
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[18] 王克忠,邓浩浩,茹荣.无压引水洞岔洞水力模型试验及仿真分析[J].水力发电学报,2018,37(11):65-74.(WANG K Z,DENG H H,RU R.Experimental study and 3-D numerical simulation on water-filling process of free-flow tunnel of diversion,2018,37(11):65-74.(in Chinese))
[19] 于跃,王晨晨,安娟,等.基于VOF法的长距离无压引水隧洞充水过程模拟[J].水利水电技术,2009,40(4):36- 40.(YU Y,WANG C C,AN J,et al.Numerical simulation on water-filling process of long-distance non-pressure water diversion tunnel based on VOF method [J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2009,40(4):36- 40.(in Chinese))
[20] 冉聃颉,王文娥,胡笑涛,等.梯形喉口无喉道量水槽水力性能分析[J].水科学进展,2018,29(2):236-244.(RAN D J,WANG W E,HU X T,et al.Analyzing hydraulic performance of trapezoidal cutthroat flumes[J].Advances in Water Science,2018,29(2):236-244.(in Chinese))
[2] 茅泽育,赵升伟,罗昇,等.明渠交汇口水流分离区研究[J].水科学进展,2005,16(1):7-12.(MAO Z Y,ZHAO S W,LUO S.et al.Study on the separation zone in open-channel junction[J].Advances in Water Science,2005,16(1):7-12.(in Chinese))
[3] 杨青远,周苏芬,卢伟真,等.明渠交汇水流阻力对平面二维数值模拟的影响[J].水科学进展,2012,23(2):236-242.(YANG Q Y,ZHOU S F,LU W Z,et al.Influence of additional resistances on numerical simulation of 2 D flow at river channel confluences[J].Advances in Water Science,2012,23(2):236-242.(in Chinese))
[4] BAZIN P,BESSETTE A,MIGONT E,et al.Influence of detailed topography when modeling flows in street junction during urban flooding[J].J Disaster Res,2012,7(5):560-566.
[5] 陈启刚,钟强,李丹勋,等.明渠弯道水流平均运动规律试验研究[J].水科学进展,2012,23(3):369-375.(CHEN Q G,ZHONG Q,LI D X,et al.Experimental study of open channel flow in a bend[J].Advances in Water Science,2012,23(3):369-375.(in Chinese))
[6] 郭维东,张春雷,伯彦萍,等.分流比及取水角度对弯道引水口水流流场的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2017,48(2):191-199.(GUO W D,ZHANG C L,BO Y P,et al.The impact of split ratio and diversion angle on the flow field in curve diversion port[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2017,48(2):191-199.(in Chinese))
[7] 陆彦,周倪凯,陆永军.不同渗流强度对明渠水流结构影响的试验研究[J].水科学进展,2018,29(2):230-235.(LU Y,ZHOU N K,LU Y J.Experimental investigation of different seepage effects on open-channel flow structure[J].Advances in Water Science,2018,29(2):230-235.(in Chinese))
[8] 吴永妍,陈永灿,刘昭伟.明渠收缩过渡段流速分布及紊动特性试验[J].水科学进展,2017,28(3):346-355.(WU Y Y,CHEN Y C,LIU Z W.Experimental study on velocity profile and turbulence characteristics in open channel contractions[J].Advances in Water Science,2017,28(3):346-355.(in Chinese))
[9] 吴永妍,刘昭伟,陈永灿,等.梯形明渠-马蹄形隧洞过渡段流动形态与局部水头损失研究[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(1):46-55.(WU Y Y,LIU Z W,CHEN Y C,et al.Flow characteristics and minor losses in transition section from trapezoidal open channel to horseshoe-shaped tunnel [J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2016,35(1):46-55.(in Chinese))
[10] ADRLAN R J,MARUSIC I.Coherent structures in flow over hydraulic engineering surfaces[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,2012,50(5):451- 464.
[11] 张鹏,杨胜发,胡江,等.明渠湍流涡运动尺度分布特性[J].水科学进展,2015,26(1):91- 98.(ZHANG P,YANG S F,HU J,et al.Distribution of motion scales of vortices in turbulent open channel flow[J].Advances in Water Science,2015,26(1):91- 98.(in Chinese))
[12] 杨胜发,张鹏,胡江,等.明渠均匀流 Q 结构分布及运动特性[J].水科学进展,2016,27(3):430- 438.(YANG S F,ZHANG P,HU J,et al.Distribution and motion characteristics of Q-events for open-channel uniform flow[J].Advances in Water Science,2016,27(3):430- 438.(in Chinese))
[13] LI C W,ZENG C.3D Numerical modeling of flow divisions at open channel junctions with or without vegetation[J].Advance in Water Resources,2009,32:49- 60.
[14] 王忖,王超.含挺水植物和沉水植物水流紊动特性[J].水科学进展,2010,21(6):816-822.(WANG C,WANG C.Turbulent characteristics in open-channel flow with emergent and submerged macrophytes[J].Advances in Water Science,2010,21(6):816-822.(in Chinese))
[15] 吴福生,王文野,姜树海.含植物河道水动力学研究进展[J].水科学进展,2007,18(3):456- 461.(WU F S,WANG W Y,JIANG S H.Hydrodynamics development in vegetated open channel[J].Advances in Water Science,2007,18(3):456- 461.(in Chinese))
[16] 王晓玲,段琦琦,佟大威,等.长距离无压引水隧洞水气两相流数值模拟[J].水利学报,2009,40(5):596- 601.(WANG X L,DUAN Q Q,TONG D W,et al.Numerical simulation of water vapor and gas two phase flow in long distance non-pressure diversion tunnel [J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2009,40(5):596- 601.(in Chinese))
[17] 杨开林,时启燧,董兴林.引黄入晋输水工程充水过程的数值模拟及泵站充水泵的选择[J].水利学报,2000(5):76-80.(YANG K L,SHI Q S,DONG X L.Numerical simulation of water filling in Yellow River diversion project and selection of pumping station [J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2000(5):76-80.(in Chinese))
[18] 王克忠,邓浩浩,茹荣.无压引水洞岔洞水力模型试验及仿真分析[J].水力发电学报,2018,37(11):65-74.(WANG K Z,DENG H H,RU R.Experimental study and 3-D numerical simulation on water-filling process of free-flow tunnel of diversion,2018,37(11):65-74.(in Chinese))
[19] 于跃,王晨晨,安娟,等.基于VOF法的长距离无压引水隧洞充水过程模拟[J].水利水电技术,2009,40(4):36- 40.(YU Y,WANG C C,AN J,et al.Numerical simulation on water-filling process of long-distance non-pressure water diversion tunnel based on VOF method [J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2009,40(4):36- 40.(in Chinese))
[20] 冉聃颉,王文娥,胡笑涛,等.梯形喉口无喉道量水槽水力性能分析[J].水科学进展,2018,29(2):236-244.(RAN D J,WANG W E,HU X T,et al.Analyzing hydraulic performance of trapezoidal cutthroat flumes[J].Advances in Water Science,2018,29(2):236-244.(in Chinese))