铵硝营养对水稻氮效率和矿质养分吸收的影响
|
摘要
NH_4~+和NO_3~–是对植物有效的两种主要无机氮源。水稻一般被认为是偏好NH_4~+的植物,但是在NO_3~–条件下,水稻也能良好地生长。大多数关于水稻铵硝营养的报道是在pH 6.0左右的水培条件下开展的,但是对于酸性条件下水稻铵硝营养研究很少。随着土壤酸化的加重及一些边际酸性土壤被用作水稻种植,研究酸性条件下水稻的铵硝营养具有重要意义。本文采用水培试验,在pH 5.0的条件下,通过添加和不添加pH缓冲剂MES(2-(N-吗啡啉)乙磺酸),研究了NH_4~+和NO_3~–对水稻生长、氮效率和矿质养分(N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn)吸收的影响。结果表明,在不添加MES的条件下,水稻地上部生长(株高、叶绿素含量、干重)在NH_4~+和NO_3~–之间没有显著差异,而添加MES后,NH_4~+处理的水稻地上部生长优于NO_3~–。不管是否添加MES,NO_3~–处理的水稻地下部生长(根长、根表面积和根物质量)优于NH_4~+。水稻含氮量和氮利用效率在不同NH_4~+和NO_3~–处理之间没有显著差异,但是NH_4~+处理的水稻氮吸收效率高于NO_3~–。与NO_3~–相比,NH_4~+增加了水稻地上部P和Fe含量,而降低了水稻地上部Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu和Mn含量,对K含量影响较小。上述结果表明,NH_4~+有利于改善水稻地上部生长,提高氮吸收效率、地上部P和Fe含量,而NO_3~–则有利于水稻发根,提高地上部Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu和Mn含量。
NH_4~+ and NO_3~– are two main inorganic N sources available for plant growth. Rice is generally considered preferable to NH_4~+, but it also grows well under NO_3~– condition. In the past, most reports on NH_4~+ and NO_3~– nutrition of rice were conducted under hydroponic conditions at about pH 6.0, but little research has been done on NH_4~+ and NO_3~– nutrition of rice under acidic conditions. With the aggravation of soil acidification and the use of some marginal acidic soils for rice cultivation, it is of great significance to study NH_4~+ and NO_3~– nutrition of rice under acidic conditions. In this paper, the effects of NH_4~+ and NO_3~– on the growth, N efficiency and mineral nutrient contents(N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) in rice were studied under hydroponics at pH 5.0 with or without pH buffer MES. The results showed that, although there was no significant difference in above-ground growth(plant height, chlorophyll content, and dry weight) between NH_4~+ and NO_3~– without adding MES, the above-ground growth of rice with NH_4~+ was better than that with NO_3~– when MES was added. Root growth(root length, root surface area, and root weight) of NO_3~– treatment was superior to that of NH_4~+ regardless of adding MES or not. There was no difference in N content and N use efficiency between NH_4~+ and NO_3~–. However, N uptake efficiency of rice with NH_4~+ was higher than that of NO_3~–. Compared with NO_3~–, NH_4~+ increased the contents of P and Fe, decreased the contents of Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu and Mn,and had little effect on K content in rice shoots. These results indicated that NH_4~+ facilitates shoot growth, N uptake efficiency and P and Fe contents in rice shoots, while NO_3~– is beneficial to improve rice root growth and Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu and Mn uptake by rice.
NH_4~+ and NO_3~– are two main inorganic N sources available for plant growth. Rice is generally considered preferable to NH_4~+, but it also grows well under NO_3~– condition. In the past, most reports on NH_4~+ and NO_3~– nutrition of rice were conducted under hydroponic conditions at about pH 6.0, but little research has been done on NH_4~+ and NO_3~– nutrition of rice under acidic conditions. With the aggravation of soil acidification and the use of some marginal acidic soils for rice cultivation, it is of great significance to study NH_4~+ and NO_3~– nutrition of rice under acidic conditions. In this paper, the effects of NH_4~+ and NO_3~– on the growth, N efficiency and mineral nutrient contents(N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) in rice were studied under hydroponics at pH 5.0 with or without pH buffer MES. The results showed that, although there was no significant difference in above-ground growth(plant height, chlorophyll content, and dry weight) between NH_4~+ and NO_3~– without adding MES, the above-ground growth of rice with NH_4~+ was better than that with NO_3~– when MES was added. Root growth(root length, root surface area, and root weight) of NO_3~– treatment was superior to that of NH_4~+ regardless of adding MES or not. There was no difference in N content and N use efficiency between NH_4~+ and NO_3~–. However, N uptake efficiency of rice with NH_4~+ was higher than that of NO_3~–. Compared with NO_3~–, NH_4~+ increased the contents of P and Fe, decreased the contents of Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu and Mn,and had little effect on K content in rice shoots. These results indicated that NH_4~+ facilitates shoot growth, N uptake efficiency and P and Fe contents in rice shoots, while NO_3~– is beneficial to improve rice root growth and Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu and Mn uptake by rice.
引文
[1]邹逸麟.历史时期黄河流域水稻生产的地域分布和环境制约[J].复旦学报(社会科学版),1985(3):222-231
[2]国家数据网[DB/OL].2017,http://data.stats.gov.cn/search
[3]Peng S,Buresh R J,Huang J,et al.Improving nitrogen fertilization in rice by sitespecific N management.Areview[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2010,30(3):649-656
[4]于飞,施卫明.近10年中国大陆主要粮食作物氮肥利用率分析[J].土壤学报,2015,52(6):1311-1324
[5]赵首萍,赵学强,施卫明.高等植物氮素吸收分子机理研究进展[J].土壤,2007,39(2):173-180
[6]Tabuchi M,Abiko T,Yamaya T.Assimilation of ammonium ions and reutilization of nitrogen in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2007,58(9):2319-2327
[7]Zhao X Q,Guo S W,Shinmachi F,et al.Aluminum tolerance in rice is antagonistic with nitrate preference and synergistic with ammonium preference[J].Annals of Botany,2013,111(1):69-77
[8]段英华,张亚丽,沈其荣.增硝营养对不同基因型水稻苗期吸铵和生长的影响[J].土壤学报,2005,42(2):260-265
[9]Li Y L,Fan X R,Shen Q R.The relationship between rhizosphere nitrification and nitrogen-use efficiency in rice plants[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,2008,31:73-85
[10]Hu B,Wang W,Ou S,et al.Variation in NRT1.1Bcontributes to nitrate-use divergence between rice subspecies[J].Nature Genetics,2015,47(7):834-838
[11]Fan X,Tang Z,Tan Y,et al.Overexpression of a pH-sensitive nitrate transporter in rice increases crop yields[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2016,113(26):7118-7123
[12]Liang L Z,Zhao X Q,Yi X Y,et al.Excessive application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers induces soil acidification and phosphorus enrichment during vegetable production in Yangtze River Delta,China[J].Soil Use and Management,2013,29(2):161-168
[13]赵学强,沈仁芳.提高铝毒胁迫下植物氮磷利用的策略分析[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(10):1583-1589
[14]Zhao X Q,Chen R F,Shen R F.Coadaptation of plants to multiple stresses in acidic soils[J].Soil Science,2015,179(10/11):503-513
[15]Che J,Zhao X Q,Zhou X,et al.High pH-enhanced soil nitrification was associated with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria rather than archaea in acidic soils[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2015,85:21-29
[16]Zhao X Q,Shen R F,Sun Q B.Ammonium under solution culture alleviates aluminum toxicity in rice and reduces aluminum accumulation in roots compared with nitrate[J].Plant and Soil,2009,315(1/2):107-121
[17]Zhang H,Jennings A,Barlow P W,et al.Dual pathways for regulation of root branching by nitrate[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1999,96:6529-6534
[18]Wang X B,Wu P,Hu B,et al.Effects of nitrate on the growth of lateral root and nitrogen absorption in rice[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2002,44(6):678-683
[19]赵学强,施卫明.水稻根系生长对不同氮形态响应的动态变化[J].土壤,2007,39(5):766-771
[20]Li Y L,Zhang Y L,Hu J,et al.Contribution of nitrification happened in rhizospheric soil growing with different rice cultivars to N nutrition[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2007,43:417-425
[21]温贤芳,王宝忠,王福钧,等.应用同位素15N研究硝化抑制剂对水稻的增产作用[J].土壤学报,1979,16(4):380-386
[22]臧双,周秀如,潘映华,等.硝化抑制剂西吡对水稻的增产作用[J].土壤,1980,22(4):139-142
[23]彭根元,王福钧,吴肖菊,等.应用15N研究液氨及硝化抑制剂对水稻的增产作用[J].北京农业大学学报,1984,l0(2):183-187
[24]Sun H,Zhang H,Powlson D,et al.Rice production,nitrous oxide emission and ammonia volatilization as impacted by the nitrification inhibitor 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine[J].Field Crops Research,2015,173:1-7
[25]周旋,吴良欢,戴锋.生化抑制剂组合与施肥模式对黄泥田水稻养分累积及利用率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(10):1495-1507
[26]De Datta S K.Nitrogen transformations in wetland rice ecosystems[J].Fertilizer Research,1995,42:193-203
[27]Chen Z C,Zhao X Q,Shen R F.The alleviating effect of ammonium on aluminum toxicity in Lespedeza bicolor results in decreased aluminum-induced malate secretion from roots compared with nitrate[J].Plant and Soil,2010,337(1/2):389-398
[28]邹春琴,李春俭,张福锁,等.铁和不同形态氮素对玉米植株吸收矿质元素及其在体内分布的影响.II.对铁、锰、铜、锌等营养元素的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1996,2(3):219-225
[29]Zou C,Shen J,Zhang F,et al.Impact of nitrogen form on iron uptake and distribution in maize seedlings in solution culture[J].Plant and Soil,2001,235:143-149
[30]张凌云,张宪法,翟衡.土壤因子对植物缺铁失绿的影响[J].土壤通报,2002,33(1):74-77
[31]邹春琴,张福锁.叶片质外体pH降低是铵态氮改善植物铁营养的重要机制[J].科学通报,2003,48(16):1791-1795
[32]崔骁勇,曹一平,张福锁.氮素形态及HCO-3对豌豆铁素营养的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(1):84-90
[33]郭世伟,邹春琴,张福锁,等.铁营养状况及不同形态氮素对玉米体内不同铁库铁再利用的影响[J].土壤学报,2001,38(4):464-470
[34]Van Den Driessche R.Response of Douglas fir seedlings to nitrate and ammonium nitrogen sources at different levels of pH and iron supply[J].Plant and Soil,1978,49:607-623
[35]Alloush G A,Le Bot J,Sanders F E,et al.Mineral nutrition of chickpea plants supplied with NO3or NH4-N.I.Ionic balance in relation to iron stress[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,1990,13(12):1575-1590
[36]Smolders A J P,Hendriks R J J,Campschreur H M,et al.Nitrate induced iron deficiency chlorosis in Juncus acutiflorus[J].Plant and Soil,1997,196:37-45
[2]国家数据网[DB/OL].2017,http://data.stats.gov.cn/search
[3]Peng S,Buresh R J,Huang J,et al.Improving nitrogen fertilization in rice by sitespecific N management.Areview[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2010,30(3):649-656
[4]于飞,施卫明.近10年中国大陆主要粮食作物氮肥利用率分析[J].土壤学报,2015,52(6):1311-1324
[5]赵首萍,赵学强,施卫明.高等植物氮素吸收分子机理研究进展[J].土壤,2007,39(2):173-180
[6]Tabuchi M,Abiko T,Yamaya T.Assimilation of ammonium ions and reutilization of nitrogen in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2007,58(9):2319-2327
[7]Zhao X Q,Guo S W,Shinmachi F,et al.Aluminum tolerance in rice is antagonistic with nitrate preference and synergistic with ammonium preference[J].Annals of Botany,2013,111(1):69-77
[8]段英华,张亚丽,沈其荣.增硝营养对不同基因型水稻苗期吸铵和生长的影响[J].土壤学报,2005,42(2):260-265
[9]Li Y L,Fan X R,Shen Q R.The relationship between rhizosphere nitrification and nitrogen-use efficiency in rice plants[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,2008,31:73-85
[10]Hu B,Wang W,Ou S,et al.Variation in NRT1.1Bcontributes to nitrate-use divergence between rice subspecies[J].Nature Genetics,2015,47(7):834-838
[11]Fan X,Tang Z,Tan Y,et al.Overexpression of a pH-sensitive nitrate transporter in rice increases crop yields[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2016,113(26):7118-7123
[12]Liang L Z,Zhao X Q,Yi X Y,et al.Excessive application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers induces soil acidification and phosphorus enrichment during vegetable production in Yangtze River Delta,China[J].Soil Use and Management,2013,29(2):161-168
[13]赵学强,沈仁芳.提高铝毒胁迫下植物氮磷利用的策略分析[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(10):1583-1589
[14]Zhao X Q,Chen R F,Shen R F.Coadaptation of plants to multiple stresses in acidic soils[J].Soil Science,2015,179(10/11):503-513
[15]Che J,Zhao X Q,Zhou X,et al.High pH-enhanced soil nitrification was associated with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria rather than archaea in acidic soils[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2015,85:21-29
[16]Zhao X Q,Shen R F,Sun Q B.Ammonium under solution culture alleviates aluminum toxicity in rice and reduces aluminum accumulation in roots compared with nitrate[J].Plant and Soil,2009,315(1/2):107-121
[17]Zhang H,Jennings A,Barlow P W,et al.Dual pathways for regulation of root branching by nitrate[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1999,96:6529-6534
[18]Wang X B,Wu P,Hu B,et al.Effects of nitrate on the growth of lateral root and nitrogen absorption in rice[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2002,44(6):678-683
[19]赵学强,施卫明.水稻根系生长对不同氮形态响应的动态变化[J].土壤,2007,39(5):766-771
[20]Li Y L,Zhang Y L,Hu J,et al.Contribution of nitrification happened in rhizospheric soil growing with different rice cultivars to N nutrition[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2007,43:417-425
[21]温贤芳,王宝忠,王福钧,等.应用同位素15N研究硝化抑制剂对水稻的增产作用[J].土壤学报,1979,16(4):380-386
[22]臧双,周秀如,潘映华,等.硝化抑制剂西吡对水稻的增产作用[J].土壤,1980,22(4):139-142
[23]彭根元,王福钧,吴肖菊,等.应用15N研究液氨及硝化抑制剂对水稻的增产作用[J].北京农业大学学报,1984,l0(2):183-187
[24]Sun H,Zhang H,Powlson D,et al.Rice production,nitrous oxide emission and ammonia volatilization as impacted by the nitrification inhibitor 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine[J].Field Crops Research,2015,173:1-7
[25]周旋,吴良欢,戴锋.生化抑制剂组合与施肥模式对黄泥田水稻养分累积及利用率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(10):1495-1507
[26]De Datta S K.Nitrogen transformations in wetland rice ecosystems[J].Fertilizer Research,1995,42:193-203
[27]Chen Z C,Zhao X Q,Shen R F.The alleviating effect of ammonium on aluminum toxicity in Lespedeza bicolor results in decreased aluminum-induced malate secretion from roots compared with nitrate[J].Plant and Soil,2010,337(1/2):389-398
[28]邹春琴,李春俭,张福锁,等.铁和不同形态氮素对玉米植株吸收矿质元素及其在体内分布的影响.II.对铁、锰、铜、锌等营养元素的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1996,2(3):219-225
[29]Zou C,Shen J,Zhang F,et al.Impact of nitrogen form on iron uptake and distribution in maize seedlings in solution culture[J].Plant and Soil,2001,235:143-149
[30]张凌云,张宪法,翟衡.土壤因子对植物缺铁失绿的影响[J].土壤通报,2002,33(1):74-77
[31]邹春琴,张福锁.叶片质外体pH降低是铵态氮改善植物铁营养的重要机制[J].科学通报,2003,48(16):1791-1795
[32]崔骁勇,曹一平,张福锁.氮素形态及HCO-3对豌豆铁素营养的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(1):84-90
[33]郭世伟,邹春琴,张福锁,等.铁营养状况及不同形态氮素对玉米体内不同铁库铁再利用的影响[J].土壤学报,2001,38(4):464-470
[34]Van Den Driessche R.Response of Douglas fir seedlings to nitrate and ammonium nitrogen sources at different levels of pH and iron supply[J].Plant and Soil,1978,49:607-623
[35]Alloush G A,Le Bot J,Sanders F E,et al.Mineral nutrition of chickpea plants supplied with NO3or NH4-N.I.Ionic balance in relation to iron stress[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,1990,13(12):1575-1590
[36]Smolders A J P,Hendriks R J J,Campschreur H M,et al.Nitrate induced iron deficiency chlorosis in Juncus acutiflorus[J].Plant and Soil,1997,196:37-45