调控温度和沉降时间实现ANAMMOX颗粒快速启动及其稳定运行
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摘要
基于常温条件下厌氧氨氧化启动时间较长、生物质含量低的问题,实验拟通过温度控制,在SBR反应器中快速启动厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥,实现常温低基质条件下稳定运行.结果表明,采取适当升高温度(27℃)再降温的方式,逐渐缩短沉淀时间,能够在常温条件下30 d启动厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥,颗粒平均粒径达到430μm以上,氨氮及亚硝氮去除率分别为88%和85%左右,总氮去除率达到75%;在低基质稳定运行阶段,氨氮去除率能够达到86%,亚硝氮去除率能够达到98%,总氮去除率达到85%以上; SVI(以MLSS计)稳定在30 m L·g-1,MLVSS/MLSS大于60%,蛋白质(PN)/多糖(PS)稳定在1. 75左右.采取控制温度的方式无需控制进水中的溶解氧可以实现常温低基质厌氧氨氧化颗粒的启动和稳定运行,通过控制进水总氮负荷能够获得较高总氮去除率.
At room temperature( 21-25℃),the long start-up time of anaerobic ammonium oxidation( ANAMMOX) granular sludge is the main problem preventing the practical application of this technology. This experiment aimed to cultivate the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing granular sludge in the SBR reactor by adjusting the temperature. After the start-up of the ANAMMOX,stable operation was achieved by changing hydraulic retention time( HRT) and the concentration of the inflow water substrate. The results demonstrated that the anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge could be successfully started-up in 30 d and realized a stable operation at room temperature( 21-25℃). The removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen and nitrogen was about 88% and 85%,respectively,and the removal rate of total nitrogen was 75%. At the stable operation stage of the low matrix,the removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen reached 86%,the removal rate of nitrogen was 98%,and the total nitrogen removal rate was over 85%. SVI was stable at 30 m L·g-1,and MLVSS/MLSS was more than 60%. The value of protein/polysaccharide was stable around 1. 75. The dissolved oxygen in the influent was not removed. In this case,controlling the temperature could be used to realize the rapid start-up of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge at room temperature( 21-25℃),and the high biomass content and nitrogen removal rate can be obtained.
At room temperature( 21-25℃),the long start-up time of anaerobic ammonium oxidation( ANAMMOX) granular sludge is the main problem preventing the practical application of this technology. This experiment aimed to cultivate the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing granular sludge in the SBR reactor by adjusting the temperature. After the start-up of the ANAMMOX,stable operation was achieved by changing hydraulic retention time( HRT) and the concentration of the inflow water substrate. The results demonstrated that the anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge could be successfully started-up in 30 d and realized a stable operation at room temperature( 21-25℃). The removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen and nitrogen was about 88% and 85%,respectively,and the removal rate of total nitrogen was 75%. At the stable operation stage of the low matrix,the removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen reached 86%,the removal rate of nitrogen was 98%,and the total nitrogen removal rate was over 85%. SVI was stable at 30 m L·g-1,and MLVSS/MLSS was more than 60%. The value of protein/polysaccharide was stable around 1. 75. The dissolved oxygen in the influent was not removed. In this case,controlling the temperature could be used to realize the rapid start-up of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge at room temperature( 21-25℃),and the high biomass content and nitrogen removal rate can be obtained.
引文
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[9]张彦江,姚俊芹.常温下UASB反应器厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮试验[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(12):81-83.Zhang Y J,Yao J Q. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation biological nitrogen removal in UASB reactor at room temperature[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(12):81-83.
[10]张泽文,李冬,张杰,等.接种单一/混合污泥对厌氧氨氧化反应器快速启动的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):5215-5221.Zhang Z W,Li D,Zhang J,et al. Effect of seeding single/mixed sludge on rapid start-up of an ANAMMOX reactor[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(12):5215-5221.
[11]宋成康,王亚宜,韩海成,等.温度降低对厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能及污泥胞外聚合物的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(7):2006-2013.Song C K,Wang Y Y,Han H C,et al. Effect of decreasing temperature on the performance and extracellular polymer substance of anaerobic ammonia oxidation sludge[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(7):2006-2013.
[12]张肖静,李冬,梁瑜海,等.氨氮浓度对CANON工艺性能及微生物特性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(7):1715-1721.Zhang X J, Li D, Liang Y H, et al. Effect of ammonia concentration on the performance and microbial characteristics of CANON process[J]. China Environmental Science,2014,34(7):1715-1721.
[13]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[14] Wu J,Zhou H M,Li H Z,et al. Impacts of hydrodynamic shear force on nucleation of flocculent sludge in anaerobic reactor[J].Water Research,2009,43(12):3029-3036.
[15]刘晓宇,王思慧,薛耀琦,等.厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的快速培养与形成机理[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(3):1223-1227.Liu X Y,Wang S H,Xue Y Q,et al. Rapid cultivation and formation mechanism of ANAMMOX granular sludge[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(3):1223-1227.
[16]安芳娇,彭永臻,董志龙,等.不同运行策略下厌氧氨氧化的脱氮性能[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2770-2777.An F J,Peng Y Z,Dong Z L,et al. Performance of the removal of nitrogen during anaerobic ammonia oxidation using different operational strategies[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(6):2770-2777.
[17] Kimura Y,Isaka K,Kazama F. Tolerance level of dissolved oxygen to feed into anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX)reactor[J]. Journal of Water and Environment Technology,2011,9(2):169-178.
[18] Hendrickx T L G,Wang Y,Kampman C,et al. Autotrophic nitrogen removal from low strength waste water at low temperature[J]. Water Research,2012,46(7):2187-2193.
[19]马朝阳,门高闪,昌文龙,等. HRT对厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮效能的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(S1):31-34.Ma C Y,Men G S,Chang W L,et al. HRT of anaerobic ammonia oxidation effect of biological denitrification efficiency[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2014,37(S1):31-34.
[20]任玉辉,王科,李相昆,等.常温低基质下碱度和溶解氧对厌氧氨氧化的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(11):4218-4223.Ren Y H,Wang K,Li X K,et al. Influence of alkalinity and DO on ANAMMOX bioreactor at normal temperature and low substrate concentration[J]. Environmental Science,2014,35(11):4218-4223.
[21] Zheng X L,Sun P D,Lou J Q,et al. Inhibition of free ammonia to the granule-based enhanced biological phosphorus removal system and the recoverability[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,148:343-351.
[22] Liu Y Q,Liu Y,Tay J H. The effects of extracellular polymeric substances on the formation and stability of biogranules[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2004,65(2):143-148.
[23] Ghigo J M. Are there biofilm-specific physiological pathways beyond a reasonable doubt?[J]. Research in Microbiology,2003,154(1):1-8.
[24] Dignac M F,Urbain V,Rybacki D,et al. Chemical description of extracellular polymers:implication on activated sludge floc structure[J]. Water Science and Technology,1998,38(8/9):45-53.
[25] Pu1al A,Brauchi S,Reyes J G,et al. Dynamics of extracellular polymeric substances in UASB and EGSB reactors treating medium and low concentrated wastewaters[J]. Water Science and Technology,2003,48(6):41-49.
[2] van Aalst M K,Cannon T,Burton I. Community level adaptation to climate change:the potential role of participatory community risk assessment[J]. Global Environmental Change,2008,18(1):165-179.
[3]张杰,周元正,李冬,等.不同SRT选择性排泥实现除磷亚硝化试验研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2015,41(4):603-611.Zhang J,Zhou Y Z,Li D,et al. Study on different gradients of sludge retention time and selective sludge removal for realizing dephosphorization-nitrosation system[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2015,41(4):603-611.
[4] Schmidt I,Sliekers O,Schmid M,et al. New concepts of microbial treatment processes for the nitrogen removal in wastewater[J]. FEMS Microbiology Reviews,2003,27(4):481-492.
[5] Chen H,Hu H Y,Chen Q Q,et al. Successful start-up of the anammox process:influence of the seeding strategy on performance and granule properties.[J]. Bioresource Technology,2016,211:594-602.
[6] Lieu P K,Hatozaki R,Homan H,et al. Single-stage nitrogen removal using ANAMMOX and partial nitritation(SNAP)for treatment of synthetic landfill leachate[J]. Japanese Journal of Water Treatment Biology,2005,41(2):103-112.
[7]张永辉,彭永臻,曾立云,等.常温低基质厌氧氨氧化ASBR反应器的快速启动[J].工业水处理,2017,37(2):43-46,47.Zhang Y H,Peng Y Z,Zeng L Y,et al. Quick start-up of lowsubstrate Anammox ASBR reactor at normal temperature[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2017,37(2):43-46,47.
[8]鲍林林,赵建国,李晓凯,等.常温低基质厌氧氨氧化反应器启动及其稳定性[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(3):981-986.Bao L L,Zhao J G,Li X K,et al. Start-up and stability of anammox bioreactor at normal temperature and low substrate concentration[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,7(3):981-986.
[9]张彦江,姚俊芹.常温下UASB反应器厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮试验[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(12):81-83.Zhang Y J,Yao J Q. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation biological nitrogen removal in UASB reactor at room temperature[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(12):81-83.
[10]张泽文,李冬,张杰,等.接种单一/混合污泥对厌氧氨氧化反应器快速启动的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):5215-5221.Zhang Z W,Li D,Zhang J,et al. Effect of seeding single/mixed sludge on rapid start-up of an ANAMMOX reactor[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(12):5215-5221.
[11]宋成康,王亚宜,韩海成,等.温度降低对厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能及污泥胞外聚合物的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(7):2006-2013.Song C K,Wang Y Y,Han H C,et al. Effect of decreasing temperature on the performance and extracellular polymer substance of anaerobic ammonia oxidation sludge[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(7):2006-2013.
[12]张肖静,李冬,梁瑜海,等.氨氮浓度对CANON工艺性能及微生物特性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(7):1715-1721.Zhang X J, Li D, Liang Y H, et al. Effect of ammonia concentration on the performance and microbial characteristics of CANON process[J]. China Environmental Science,2014,34(7):1715-1721.
[13]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[14] Wu J,Zhou H M,Li H Z,et al. Impacts of hydrodynamic shear force on nucleation of flocculent sludge in anaerobic reactor[J].Water Research,2009,43(12):3029-3036.
[15]刘晓宇,王思慧,薛耀琦,等.厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的快速培养与形成机理[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(3):1223-1227.Liu X Y,Wang S H,Xue Y Q,et al. Rapid cultivation and formation mechanism of ANAMMOX granular sludge[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(3):1223-1227.
[16]安芳娇,彭永臻,董志龙,等.不同运行策略下厌氧氨氧化的脱氮性能[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2770-2777.An F J,Peng Y Z,Dong Z L,et al. Performance of the removal of nitrogen during anaerobic ammonia oxidation using different operational strategies[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(6):2770-2777.
[17] Kimura Y,Isaka K,Kazama F. Tolerance level of dissolved oxygen to feed into anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX)reactor[J]. Journal of Water and Environment Technology,2011,9(2):169-178.
[18] Hendrickx T L G,Wang Y,Kampman C,et al. Autotrophic nitrogen removal from low strength waste water at low temperature[J]. Water Research,2012,46(7):2187-2193.
[19]马朝阳,门高闪,昌文龙,等. HRT对厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮效能的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(S1):31-34.Ma C Y,Men G S,Chang W L,et al. HRT of anaerobic ammonia oxidation effect of biological denitrification efficiency[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2014,37(S1):31-34.
[20]任玉辉,王科,李相昆,等.常温低基质下碱度和溶解氧对厌氧氨氧化的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(11):4218-4223.Ren Y H,Wang K,Li X K,et al. Influence of alkalinity and DO on ANAMMOX bioreactor at normal temperature and low substrate concentration[J]. Environmental Science,2014,35(11):4218-4223.
[21] Zheng X L,Sun P D,Lou J Q,et al. Inhibition of free ammonia to the granule-based enhanced biological phosphorus removal system and the recoverability[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,148:343-351.
[22] Liu Y Q,Liu Y,Tay J H. The effects of extracellular polymeric substances on the formation and stability of biogranules[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2004,65(2):143-148.
[23] Ghigo J M. Are there biofilm-specific physiological pathways beyond a reasonable doubt?[J]. Research in Microbiology,2003,154(1):1-8.
[24] Dignac M F,Urbain V,Rybacki D,et al. Chemical description of extracellular polymers:implication on activated sludge floc structure[J]. Water Science and Technology,1998,38(8/9):45-53.
[25] Pu1al A,Brauchi S,Reyes J G,et al. Dynamics of extracellular polymeric substances in UASB and EGSB reactors treating medium and low concentrated wastewaters[J]. Water Science and Technology,2003,48(6):41-49.
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