移栽期对海南雪茄外包皮烟叶生长发育及产量品质的影响
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摘要
为明确海南优质雪茄外包皮烟叶适宜移栽时间,采用田间对比试验,设置4个移栽期处理(12月16日、1月15日、2月14日、3月16日),研究不同移栽期对烟株生长发育进程及烟叶产量、品质的影响。结果表明,雪茄生育期随移栽期推迟而缩短,主要表现在现蕾之前的营养生长阶段,生育期与平均气温呈极显著负相关关系;雪茄烟株生长速率随移栽期推迟而加快,打顶期株高、茎围、叶片大小随移栽期推迟而显著增大;随移栽期推迟,雪茄有效外包皮烟叶产量呈先增加后降低趋势,叶片厚度、含梗率呈降低趋势,但拉力强度也呈降低趋势。综合评价,初步确定海南雪茄外包皮烟以1月中旬移栽较为适宜。
In order to identify the most suitable transplanting time of cigar wrapper tobacco in Hainan, a field experiment with four transplanting time treatments(12-16, 01-15, 02-14, 03-16) was carried out to study their effects on growth and development process,leaf yield and quality of cigar. The results showed that the growth duration of cigar was shortened with the delay of transplanting time, mainly at the vegetative growth stage before flowering, and there was a significant negative correlation between growth period and average temperature. The growth rate of cigar tobacco plants was accelerated with the delay of transplanting time, and plant height, stem circumference and leaf size at the topping stage increased significantly with the delay of transplanting time. With the delay of transplanting date, the yield of effective wrapper leaves increased first and then decreased, and the leaf thickness and stalk rate decreased, however, the tensile strength also decreased. For comprehensive evaluation, transplanting in mid-January is more suitable for cigar wrapper tobacco in Hainan.
In order to identify the most suitable transplanting time of cigar wrapper tobacco in Hainan, a field experiment with four transplanting time treatments(12-16, 01-15, 02-14, 03-16) was carried out to study their effects on growth and development process,leaf yield and quality of cigar. The results showed that the growth duration of cigar was shortened with the delay of transplanting time, mainly at the vegetative growth stage before flowering, and there was a significant negative correlation between growth period and average temperature. The growth rate of cigar tobacco plants was accelerated with the delay of transplanting time, and plant height, stem circumference and leaf size at the topping stage increased significantly with the delay of transplanting time. With the delay of transplanting date, the yield of effective wrapper leaves increased first and then decreased, and the leaf thickness and stalk rate decreased, however, the tensile strength also decreased. For comprehensive evaluation, transplanting in mid-January is more suitable for cigar wrapper tobacco in Hainan.
引文
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[13]刘雷,江鸿,曾代龙,等.留叶数和成熟度对雪茄烟叶品质的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(8):1844-1848.LIU L,JIANG H,ZENG D L,et al.Effects of leaf number and Harvest Maturity on quality of cigar tobacco leaves[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2016,29(8):1844-1848.
[14]时向东,王一恒,崔俊明,等.雪茄外包皮烟叶品种的比较试验[J].烟草科技,2010(8):65-68.SHI X D,WANG Y H,CUI J M,et al.Comparison experiment on cigar wrapper tobacco[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2010(8):65-68.
[15]张谊寒,张晨东,焦芳婵,等.雪茄外包皮烟在云南种植的适宜气候区初步筛选研究[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(6):2005-2009.ZHANG Y H,ZHANG C D,JIAO F C,et al.Preliminary study on suitable planting regions ofcigar wrapper tobacco in Yunnan Province[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2012,25(6):2005-2009.
[16]许轲,孙圳,霍中洋,等.播期、品种类型对水稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(20):4222-4233.XU K,SUN Z,HUO Z Y,et al.Effects of seeding date and variety type on yield,growth stage and utilization of temperature and sunshine in rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(20):4222-4233.
[17]孙建军,张洪程,尹海庆,等.不同生态区播期对机插水稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(6):113-121.SUN J J,ZHANG H C,YIN H Q,et al.Effects of seeding date on yield,growth period and utilization of temperature and sunshine of mechanical transplanting rice in different ecological regions[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(6):113-121.
[18]袁明,宁海龙,王守义,等.光温效应对大豆品种黑河45生育进程及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2013,32(3):328-332.YUAN M,NING H L,WANG S Y,et al.Effect of light and temperature on reproductive processes and yield of soybean Heihe 45[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(3):328-332.
[19]杨兴有,刘国顺,余祥文,等.光照条件对烤烟叶片理化指标和致香物质含量的影响[J].中国农业气象,2015,35(4):417-422.YANG X Y,LIU G S,YU X W,et al.Effects of light on leaf physical and chemical property and aromatic components content of flue-cured tobacco[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2015,35(4):417-422.
[20]陆永恒.生态条件对烟叶品质影响的研究进展[J].中国烟草科学,2007,28(3):43-46.LU Y H.Research advance in effects of ecological conditions on tobacco leave quality[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2007,28(3):43-46.
[21]张锐新,任天宝,赵喆,等.移栽期对五指山雪茄烟品质及主要经济性状的影响[J].作物杂志,2018(2):148-153.ZHANG R X,REN T B,ZHAO Z,et al.Effects of transplanting date on quality and main economic characters of cigar in five fingers group[J].Crops,2018(2):148-153.
[22]李爱军,范静苑,秦艳青,等.海南与印尼茄衣烟叶质量差异分析[J].中国烟草学报,2013,19(4):60-63.LI A J,FAN J Y,QIN Y Q,et al.Analysis of quality difference between Hainan and Indonesia produced cigar wrapper leaves[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2013,19(4):60-63.
[23]李向岭,赵明,李从锋,等.播期和密度对玉米干物质积累动态的影响及其模型的建立[J].作物学报,2010,36(12):2143-2153.LI X L,ZHAO M,LI C F,et al.Effect of sowing-date and planting density on dry matter accumulation dynamic and establishment of its simulated model in maize[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2010,36(12):2143-2153.
[24]徐世杰,王洁,王慧方,等.调制过程中不同温湿度条件对海南雪茄茄衣烟叶质量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(1):29-34.XU S J,WANG J,WANG H F,et al.Effects of temperature and humidity on cigar-wrapper tobacco quality in Hainan Province during curing[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2016,48(1):29-34.
[25]齐飞,刘国顺,史宏志,等.移栽期对烤烟化学成分及成熟烟叶组织结构的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(3):37-41.QI F,LIU G S,SHI H Z,et al.Effects of transplanting timing on chemical composition and tissue structure in ripe flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2011,17(3):37-41.?o
[2]乔学义,马宇平,王兵,等.区域环境对烤烟烟叶香韵的影响[J].烟草科技,2014(12):5-8.QIAO X Y,MA Y P,WANG B,et al.Effects of regional environment on aroma note of flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2014(12):5-8.
[3]李文卿,陈顺辉,柯玉琴,等.不同移栽期对烤烟生长发育及质量风格的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2013,19(4):48-54.LI W Q,CHEN S H,KE Y Q,et al.Effects of transplanting time on growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2013,19(4):48-54.
[4]鹿莹,梁晓芳,管恩森,等.移栽时间对烤烟光合特性、产量和品质的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2014,35(1):48-53.LU Y,LIANG X F,GUAN E S,et al.Effects of transplanting time on photosynthesis characteristics,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2014,35(1):48-53.
[5]孙延国,梁晓芳,许倩,等.移栽期对NC55叶片发生进程模拟模型建立[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(2):47-53.SUN Y G,LIANG X F,XU Q,et al.Establishment of simulation model for the impact of transplanting time on leaf initiation in tobacco NC55[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2016,37(2):47-53.
[6]王浩雅,左兴俊,孙福山,等.雪茄烟外包叶的研究进展[J].中国烟草科学,2009,30(5):71-76.WANG H Y,ZUO X J,SUN F S,et al.Advance in cigar wrapper tobacco[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2009,30(5):71-76.
[7]李爱军,秦艳青,代惠娟,等.国产雪茄烟叶科学发展刍议[J].中国烟草学报,2012,18(1):112-114.LI A J,QIN Y Q,DAI H J,et al.On scientific development of China’s cigar leaf[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2012,18(1):112-114.
[8]陶健,刘好宝,辛玉华,等.古巴Pinar del Rio省优质雪茄烟种植区主要生态因子特征研究[J].中国烟草学报,2016,22(4):62-69.TAO J,LIU H B,XIN Y H,et al.Research on characteristics of major ecological factors in growing areas for premium cigartobacco in Pinar del Rio province of Cuba[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2016,22(4):62-69.
[9]秦艳青,李爱军,范静苑,等.优质雪茄茄衣生产技术探讨[J].江西农业学报,2012,24(7):101-103.QIN Y Q,LI A J,FAN J Y,et al.Discussion on production technology of high-quality cigar wrapper[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2012,24(7):101-103.
[10]任天宝,阎海涛,王新发,等.印尼雪茄烟叶生产技术考察及对中国雪茄发展的启示[J].热带农业科学,2017,37(3):89-93.REN T B,YAN H T,WANG X F,et al.Visit to Indonesia for cigar production technologies and its inspiration to the development of cigar in China[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2017,37(3):89-93.
[11]时向东,张晓娟,王卫武,等.栽培密度对雪茄外包皮烟叶片化学成分和物理特性的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2005,11(2):40-42.SHI X D,ZHANG X J,WANG W W,et al.Effect of planting density on chemistry composition and physical characteristics of cigar wrapper tobacco[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2005,11(2):40-42.
[12]时向东,汪文杰,王卫武,等.遮荫下氮肥用量对雪茄外包皮烟叶光合特性的调控效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(2):299-304.SHI X D,WANG W J,WANG W W,et al.Response of photosynthetic characteristics in leaves of cigar wrapper tobacco to nitrogen application under shady condition[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2007,13(2):299-304.
[13]刘雷,江鸿,曾代龙,等.留叶数和成熟度对雪茄烟叶品质的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(8):1844-1848.LIU L,JIANG H,ZENG D L,et al.Effects of leaf number and Harvest Maturity on quality of cigar tobacco leaves[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2016,29(8):1844-1848.
[14]时向东,王一恒,崔俊明,等.雪茄外包皮烟叶品种的比较试验[J].烟草科技,2010(8):65-68.SHI X D,WANG Y H,CUI J M,et al.Comparison experiment on cigar wrapper tobacco[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2010(8):65-68.
[15]张谊寒,张晨东,焦芳婵,等.雪茄外包皮烟在云南种植的适宜气候区初步筛选研究[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(6):2005-2009.ZHANG Y H,ZHANG C D,JIAO F C,et al.Preliminary study on suitable planting regions ofcigar wrapper tobacco in Yunnan Province[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2012,25(6):2005-2009.
[16]许轲,孙圳,霍中洋,等.播期、品种类型对水稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(20):4222-4233.XU K,SUN Z,HUO Z Y,et al.Effects of seeding date and variety type on yield,growth stage and utilization of temperature and sunshine in rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(20):4222-4233.
[17]孙建军,张洪程,尹海庆,等.不同生态区播期对机插水稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(6):113-121.SUN J J,ZHANG H C,YIN H Q,et al.Effects of seeding date on yield,growth period and utilization of temperature and sunshine of mechanical transplanting rice in different ecological regions[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(6):113-121.
[18]袁明,宁海龙,王守义,等.光温效应对大豆品种黑河45生育进程及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2013,32(3):328-332.YUAN M,NING H L,WANG S Y,et al.Effect of light and temperature on reproductive processes and yield of soybean Heihe 45[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(3):328-332.
[19]杨兴有,刘国顺,余祥文,等.光照条件对烤烟叶片理化指标和致香物质含量的影响[J].中国农业气象,2015,35(4):417-422.YANG X Y,LIU G S,YU X W,et al.Effects of light on leaf physical and chemical property and aromatic components content of flue-cured tobacco[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2015,35(4):417-422.
[20]陆永恒.生态条件对烟叶品质影响的研究进展[J].中国烟草科学,2007,28(3):43-46.LU Y H.Research advance in effects of ecological conditions on tobacco leave quality[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2007,28(3):43-46.
[21]张锐新,任天宝,赵喆,等.移栽期对五指山雪茄烟品质及主要经济性状的影响[J].作物杂志,2018(2):148-153.ZHANG R X,REN T B,ZHAO Z,et al.Effects of transplanting date on quality and main economic characters of cigar in five fingers group[J].Crops,2018(2):148-153.
[22]李爱军,范静苑,秦艳青,等.海南与印尼茄衣烟叶质量差异分析[J].中国烟草学报,2013,19(4):60-63.LI A J,FAN J Y,QIN Y Q,et al.Analysis of quality difference between Hainan and Indonesia produced cigar wrapper leaves[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2013,19(4):60-63.
[23]李向岭,赵明,李从锋,等.播期和密度对玉米干物质积累动态的影响及其模型的建立[J].作物学报,2010,36(12):2143-2153.LI X L,ZHAO M,LI C F,et al.Effect of sowing-date and planting density on dry matter accumulation dynamic and establishment of its simulated model in maize[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2010,36(12):2143-2153.
[24]徐世杰,王洁,王慧方,等.调制过程中不同温湿度条件对海南雪茄茄衣烟叶质量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(1):29-34.XU S J,WANG J,WANG H F,et al.Effects of temperature and humidity on cigar-wrapper tobacco quality in Hainan Province during curing[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2016,48(1):29-34.
[25]齐飞,刘国顺,史宏志,等.移栽期对烤烟化学成分及成熟烟叶组织结构的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(3):37-41.QI F,LIU G S,SHI H Z,et al.Effects of transplanting timing on chemical composition and tissue structure in ripe flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2011,17(3):37-41.?o