煤矿“采选充+X”绿色化开采技术体系与工程实践
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摘要
煤炭接续资源多在深部和优质资源多在西部并存的现状使得深部与西部开采成为煤炭资源开发的新常态,绿色矿山建设、绿色矿业发展与绿色化开采推进已势在必行。本文提出了煤炭资源"采选充+X"绿色化开采技术构想,即直接在井下构建煤炭开采、煤矸分选、矸石充填与"岩层移动主动控制、沿空留巷、瓦斯抽采、灾害防治、保水开采"一体化生产系统,形成了煤炭"采选充+X"(控、留、抽、防、保)协同生产模式;明确了"采选充+X"绿色化开采技术的内涵与技术框架,阐述了"采选充+X"的四代演化历程,分析了其践行绿色化的技术优势,给出了科学化的工程设计方法;阐述了5类典型"采选充+X"技术对应的技术原理、工程需求、设计流程与方法、关键技术及工艺装备等。工程实践分别证明了采选充+控、采选充+留、采选充+抽等"采选充+X"技术具有的显著技术优势与工程示范效应。未来"采选充+X"绿色化开采将延伸采选充+处、采选充+智、采选充+调、采选充+协等技术模式。整体形成的"采选充+X"技术体系,可为实现煤炭及伴生资源绿色化开采提供有力的技术支持。
Currently more coal resource is buried in deep and more high-quality resource is located in the west of China.It makes a deep mining and a mining in the west become the new normal of coal resources exploitation.Thus a green mine construction,green mining development and green mining propulsion are imperative. This paper puts forward a"mining-dressing-backfilling+X"technical conception of green mining of coal resources.That is an underground integrated production system,which is integrated coal mining,coal-waste separation,and gangue backfilling with "active control of strata movement,gob-side entry retaining,gas extraction,disaster prevention,water-preserved-mining". The system forms a coal mining-dressing-backfilling+X(control,retain,extraction,prevention and preserved) collaborative production mode.The paper defines the"mining-dressing-backfilling+X"technical connotation and framework of greenmining,expounds "mining-dressing-backfilling+X"evolution of four generations,analyzes the specific technical advantages of its practice of green mining and gives the scientific engineering design method. The paper elaborates five aspects of typical "mining-dressing-backfilling + X"technology corresponding technical principle,engineering requirements,design process and methods,key technology and process equipment.Engineering practice of the Tangshan Coal mine,Zhaizhen Coal mine and 12 th Coal mine of Pingdingshan Group has respectively proved that "mining-dressingbackfilling+ control","mining-dressing-backfilling + retain","mining-dressing-backfilling + extraction " technologies have a remarkable technical superiority and the engineering demonstration effect."Mining-dressing-backfilling + X "green mining extension in the future combines "mining-dressing-backfilling+processing","mining-dressing-backfilling+intelligent","mining-dressing-backfilling+adjustment"and "mining-dressing-backfilling +coordination". The overall formation of the "mining-dressing-backfilling+X"technology system can provide a strong technical support for the realization of green mining of coal and associated resources.
Currently more coal resource is buried in deep and more high-quality resource is located in the west of China.It makes a deep mining and a mining in the west become the new normal of coal resources exploitation.Thus a green mine construction,green mining development and green mining propulsion are imperative. This paper puts forward a"mining-dressing-backfilling+X"technical conception of green mining of coal resources.That is an underground integrated production system,which is integrated coal mining,coal-waste separation,and gangue backfilling with "active control of strata movement,gob-side entry retaining,gas extraction,disaster prevention,water-preserved-mining". The system forms a coal mining-dressing-backfilling+X(control,retain,extraction,prevention and preserved) collaborative production mode.The paper defines the"mining-dressing-backfilling+X"technical connotation and framework of greenmining,expounds "mining-dressing-backfilling+X"evolution of four generations,analyzes the specific technical advantages of its practice of green mining and gives the scientific engineering design method. The paper elaborates five aspects of typical "mining-dressing-backfilling + X"technology corresponding technical principle,engineering requirements,design process and methods,key technology and process equipment.Engineering practice of the Tangshan Coal mine,Zhaizhen Coal mine and 12 th Coal mine of Pingdingshan Group has respectively proved that "mining-dressingbackfilling+ control","mining-dressing-backfilling + retain","mining-dressing-backfilling + extraction " technologies have a remarkable technical superiority and the engineering demonstration effect."Mining-dressing-backfilling + X "green mining extension in the future combines "mining-dressing-backfilling+processing","mining-dressing-backfilling+intelligent","mining-dressing-backfilling+adjustment"and "mining-dressing-backfilling +coordination". The overall formation of the "mining-dressing-backfilling+X"technology system can provide a strong technical support for the realization of green mining of coal and associated resources.
引文
[1]国家能源局.煤炭工业发展“十三五”规划[EB/OL]. http://www. ndrc. gov. cn/zcfb/zcfbtz/201612/t20161230_833687. html,2016-12-22.
[2]王金华,谢和平,刘见中,等.煤炭近零生态环境影响开发利用理论和技术构想[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(5):1198-1209.WANG Jinhua,XIE Heping,LIU Jianzhong,et al. Coal development and utilization theory and technical system of near-zero ecological environment impact[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(5):1198-1209.
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[9]刘见中,谢和平,王金华,等.煤炭绿色开发利用的颠覆性技术发展对策研究煤炭经济研究[J].煤炭经济研究,2017,37(12):6-10.LIU Jianzhong,XIE Heping,WANG Jinhua,et al. Study on disruptive technology development countermeasure of coal green development and utilization[J].Coal Economic Research,2017,37(12):6-10.
[10]张吉雄.矸石直接充填综采岩层移动控制及其应用研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2008.ZHANG Jixiong.Study on strata movement controlling by raw waste backfilling with fully-mechanized coal winning technology and its engineering applications[D]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2008.
[11]张吉雄,缪协兴,郭广礼.矸石(固体废物)直接充填采煤技术发展现状[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(4):395-401.ZHANG Jixiong,MIAO Xiexing,GUO Guangli. Development status of backfilling technology using raw waste in coal mining[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2009,26(4):395-401.
[12]缪协兴,巨峰,黄艳利,等.充填采煤理论与技术的新进展及展望[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(3):391-399,429.MIAO Xiexing,JU Feng,HUANG Yanli,et al. New development and prospect of backfilling mining theory and technology[J].China University of Mining and Technology,2015,44(3):391-399,429.
[13]缪协兴,张吉雄.井下煤矸分离与综合机械化固体充填采煤技术[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1424-1433.MIAO Xiexing,ZHANG Jixiong. Key technologies of intergration of coal mining-gangue washing-backfilling and coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1424-1433.
[14]张吉雄,缪协兴,张强,等.“采选抽充采”集成型煤与瓦斯绿色共采技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(7):1683-1693.ZHANG Jixiong,MIAO Xiexing,ZHANG Qiang,et al. Integrated coal and gas simultaneous mining technology:Miningdressing gas draining-backfilling[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(7):1683-1693.
[15]张吉雄,张强,巨峰,等.深部煤炭资源采选充绿色化开采理论与技术[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(2):377-389.ZHANG Jixiong,ZHANG Qiang,JU Feng,et al. Theory and technique of greening mining integrating mining,separating and backfilling in deep coal[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(2):377-389.
[16] SUN Qiang,ZHANG Jixiong,ZHANG Qiang,et al. A protective seam with nearly whole rock mining technology for controlling coal and gas outburst hazards:A case study[J].Nature Hazards,2016,84:1793-1806.
[17] YIN Wei,MIAO Xiexing,ZHANG Jixiong,et al.Mechanical analysis of effective pressure relief protection range of upper protective seam mining[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,27(3):537-543.
[18]刘银志,张强,张建国,等.近全岩保护层开采理论研究及工程实践[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2018,35(1):146-154.LIU Yinzhi,ZHANG Qiang,ZHANG Jianguo,et al. Theoretical research on protective seam mining in full rock stratum and engineering application[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2018,35(1):146-154.
[19] ZHANG Jixiong,ZHANG Qiang,SPEARING AJS,et al. Green coal mining technique integrating mining-dressing-gas drainingbackfilling-mining[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,27(1):17-27.
[20] FANG Kun,ZHANG Jixiong,ZHANG Qiang,et al. Fully mechanized mixed mining technology involving solid backfilling and caving methods in longwall workface[J]. Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy,Section A:Mining Technology,2016,126(1):1-7.
[21]殷伟,张强,韩晓乐,等.混合综采工作面覆岩运移规律及空间结构特征分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):388-396.YIN Wei,ZHANG Qiang,HAN Xiaole,et al.Overlying strata movement law and spatial structure analysis of fully mechanized mixed mining of backfilling and caving[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):388-396.
[2]王金华,谢和平,刘见中,等.煤炭近零生态环境影响开发利用理论和技术构想[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(5):1198-1209.WANG Jinhua,XIE Heping,LIU Jianzhong,et al. Coal development and utilization theory and technical system of near-zero ecological environment impact[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(5):1198-1209.
[3]绿色矿山公约[A].中国水泥行业绿色矿山建设工作指南[C].北京:中国水泥协会,2013:2.Green mine convention[A]. China Cement Industry Green Mine Construction Guide[C].Beijing:China Cement Association,2013:2.
[4]中国矿业网.中国矿业联合会绿色矿业公约[EB/OL].http://www.chinamining. org. cn/index. php? m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=133&id=9983,2014-09-01.
[5]钱鸣高.绿色开采的概念与技术体系[J].煤炭科技,2003(4):1-3.QIAN Minggao. Technological system and mining concept[J].Coal Science and Technology Magazine,2003(4):1-3.
[6]国土资源部.国土资源“十三五”规划纲要[N].中国国土资源报,2016-04-15(5).
[7]人民网-人民日报.习近平在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告[EB/OL]. http://cpc. people. com. cn/n1/2017/1028/c64094-29613660.html,2017-10-28.
[8]邬晓霞,张双悦.“绿色发展”理念的形成及未来走势[J].经济问题,2017(2):30-34.WU Xiaoxia,ZHANG Shuangyue. The formation of the concept of green development and future trend[J]. Economic Issues,2017(2):30-34.
[9]刘见中,谢和平,王金华,等.煤炭绿色开发利用的颠覆性技术发展对策研究煤炭经济研究[J].煤炭经济研究,2017,37(12):6-10.LIU Jianzhong,XIE Heping,WANG Jinhua,et al. Study on disruptive technology development countermeasure of coal green development and utilization[J].Coal Economic Research,2017,37(12):6-10.
[10]张吉雄.矸石直接充填综采岩层移动控制及其应用研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2008.ZHANG Jixiong.Study on strata movement controlling by raw waste backfilling with fully-mechanized coal winning technology and its engineering applications[D]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2008.
[11]张吉雄,缪协兴,郭广礼.矸石(固体废物)直接充填采煤技术发展现状[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(4):395-401.ZHANG Jixiong,MIAO Xiexing,GUO Guangli. Development status of backfilling technology using raw waste in coal mining[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2009,26(4):395-401.
[12]缪协兴,巨峰,黄艳利,等.充填采煤理论与技术的新进展及展望[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(3):391-399,429.MIAO Xiexing,JU Feng,HUANG Yanli,et al. New development and prospect of backfilling mining theory and technology[J].China University of Mining and Technology,2015,44(3):391-399,429.
[13]缪协兴,张吉雄.井下煤矸分离与综合机械化固体充填采煤技术[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1424-1433.MIAO Xiexing,ZHANG Jixiong. Key technologies of intergration of coal mining-gangue washing-backfilling and coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1424-1433.
[14]张吉雄,缪协兴,张强,等.“采选抽充采”集成型煤与瓦斯绿色共采技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(7):1683-1693.ZHANG Jixiong,MIAO Xiexing,ZHANG Qiang,et al. Integrated coal and gas simultaneous mining technology:Miningdressing gas draining-backfilling[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(7):1683-1693.
[15]张吉雄,张强,巨峰,等.深部煤炭资源采选充绿色化开采理论与技术[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(2):377-389.ZHANG Jixiong,ZHANG Qiang,JU Feng,et al. Theory and technique of greening mining integrating mining,separating and backfilling in deep coal[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(2):377-389.
[16] SUN Qiang,ZHANG Jixiong,ZHANG Qiang,et al. A protective seam with nearly whole rock mining technology for controlling coal and gas outburst hazards:A case study[J].Nature Hazards,2016,84:1793-1806.
[17] YIN Wei,MIAO Xiexing,ZHANG Jixiong,et al.Mechanical analysis of effective pressure relief protection range of upper protective seam mining[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,27(3):537-543.
[18]刘银志,张强,张建国,等.近全岩保护层开采理论研究及工程实践[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2018,35(1):146-154.LIU Yinzhi,ZHANG Qiang,ZHANG Jianguo,et al. Theoretical research on protective seam mining in full rock stratum and engineering application[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2018,35(1):146-154.
[19] ZHANG Jixiong,ZHANG Qiang,SPEARING AJS,et al. Green coal mining technique integrating mining-dressing-gas drainingbackfilling-mining[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,27(1):17-27.
[20] FANG Kun,ZHANG Jixiong,ZHANG Qiang,et al. Fully mechanized mixed mining technology involving solid backfilling and caving methods in longwall workface[J]. Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy,Section A:Mining Technology,2016,126(1):1-7.
[21]殷伟,张强,韩晓乐,等.混合综采工作面覆岩运移规律及空间结构特征分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):388-396.YIN Wei,ZHANG Qiang,HAN Xiaole,et al.Overlying strata movement law and spatial structure analysis of fully mechanized mixed mining of backfilling and caving[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):388-396.
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