空心梯形块丁坝结构透水特性试验研究
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摘要
生态型丁坝结构既能发挥航道整治功能,又能减小工程对生态的影响,具有广泛生态效益和推广前景。而此类丁坝结构的透水特性是确保整治建筑物束水攻沙功能的关键,也是决定结构推广应用的主要技术指标。该文依托长江南京下游12.5 m深水航道建设工程,基于鱼礁理念提出了空心梯形块丁坝结构,开展了系列概化水槽实验。采用透水率指标研究空心梯形块丁坝透水特性的主要影响因素,探讨孔隙率、水深和流速等主要因素对丁坝透水特性的影响规律。试验结果表明:空心梯形块丁坝的透水率与孔隙率、水深和流速具有较强的相关性,透水率随水深和流速的增大而减小,随孔隙率的增大而增大。此类空心梯形块透水丁坝适用于大水深和大流速的条件,可在同类工程中应用。
The ecological-type spur dike structures play the function of waterway regulation, and reduce the impact of theproject on ecology. Therefore, this kind of structures have broad ecological benefits and prospect of extension. The permeabilityof this kind of spur dikes is the key factor to ensure the control of the water and sediment attack function, and is also the maintechnical index to determine the spread and application of the regulating structures. The hollow trapezoidal block structure is proposed based on the concept of fish reef relying on the 12.5 m deep channel construction project downstream of Nanjing in the Yangtze River. A series of generalized flume experiments were carried out. The permeability was chosen to analyze the main factors influencing the permeability of hollow trapezoid block spur dike. The main influence factors, such as porosity, water depth and flow velocity on the permeability of spur dike were discussed. The results show that the permeability of the spur dike had a noticeable correlation with porosity, water depth and flow rate. The permeability decreases with the increase of water depth and flow rate, and increases with the increase of porosity. This hollow trapezoidal block is suitable for large water depths and large flow rates. It can be applied in similar projects.
The ecological-type spur dike structures play the function of waterway regulation, and reduce the impact of theproject on ecology. Therefore, this kind of structures have broad ecological benefits and prospect of extension. The permeabilityof this kind of spur dikes is the key factor to ensure the control of the water and sediment attack function, and is also the maintechnical index to determine the spread and application of the regulating structures. The hollow trapezoidal block structure is proposed based on the concept of fish reef relying on the 12.5 m deep channel construction project downstream of Nanjing in the Yangtze River. A series of generalized flume experiments were carried out. The permeability was chosen to analyze the main factors influencing the permeability of hollow trapezoid block spur dike. The main influence factors, such as porosity, water depth and flow velocity on the permeability of spur dike were discussed. The results show that the permeability of the spur dike had a noticeable correlation with porosity, water depth and flow rate. The permeability decreases with the increase of water depth and flow rate, and increases with the increase of porosity. This hollow trapezoidal block is suitable for large water depths and large flow rates. It can be applied in similar projects.
引文
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[11]张凯,侍克斌,李玉建,等.水力插板透水丁坝坝头冲刷坑深度模型试验[J].水利水电科技进展,2016,36(6):90-94.ZHANG Kai,SHI Ke-bin,LI Yu-jian,et al.Model test of scour depth at jetty head of hydraulic flashboard permeable spur dike[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2016,36(6):90-94.
[12]任志,李玉建,侍克斌,等.不同透水率对水力插板透水丁坝防冲促淤效果的试验研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2016,(1):172-174+179.REN Zhi,LI Yu-jian,SHI Ke-bin,et al.Experiment of scour prevention and sedimentation promotion effect for hydraulic flashboard permeable spur dike in different water permeability rates[J].Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering,2016,(1):172-174+179.
[13]王燕燕,刘焕芳,王振.桩柱式双丁坝局部水流结构及冲淤规律的试验研究[J].石河子大学学报:自然科学版,2013,31(1):103-108.WANG Yan-yan,LIU Huan-fang,WANG Zheng.Experimental study on flow structure and local scouring and silting of double permeable spurs[J].Journal of Shihezi University:Natural Science,2013,31(1):103-108.
[14]NASROLLAHI A,GHODSIAN M,NEYSHABOURI SA A S.Local scour at permeable spur dikes[J].Journal of Applied Sciences,2008,8(19):3398-3406.
[15]周银军,刘焕芳,何春光,等.桩柱透水丁坝水流特性试验研究[J].泥沙研究,2009,(5):58-62.ZHOU Yin-jun,LIU Huan-fang,HE Chun-guang,et al.Experimental study on flow character around the pillared permeable spur dike[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2009,(5):58-62.
[2]李天宏,丁瑶,倪晋仁,等.长江中游荆江河段生态航道评价研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2017,25(2):221-234.LI Tian-hong,DING Yao,NI Jin-ren,et al.Ecological waterway assessment of the Jingjiang River reach[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2017,25(2):221-234.
[3]LIU M,YONG L I,RUI W,et al.Application of ecological spur dike repairing schizothorax prenanti spawning ground[J].Journal of Sichuan University,2014,46(3):37-43.
[4]王小明,程永舟,常留红,等.梯形透水潜坝三维水流特性的数值模拟[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(5):51-56.WANG Xiao-ming,CHENG Yong-zhou,CHANGLiu-hong.et al.Numerical simulation of three-dimensional flow characteristics of trapezoidal permeable submerged dam[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2017,37(5):51-56.
[5]ZHOU Y J,QIAN S,SUN N N.Application of permeable spur dike in Mountain River training[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2014,641-642:236-240.
[6]ZHANG H,NAKAGAWA H.Characteristics of local flow and bed deformation at impermeable and permeable spur dykes[J],Annual Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2009,53(2):145-150.
[7]Zhou Y J,Chen L,Gui B,et al.Theoretical study on calculation of scouring depth and backwater height associated with pile permeable spur dike[J].Journal of Sichuan University,2009,41(2):58-63.
[8]周庆庆,李玉建,孙启冀,等.水力插板透水丁坝缓流促淤效果试验研究[J].人民黄河,2015,37(9):54-58.ZHOU Qing-qing,LI Yu-jian,SUN Qi-ji,et al.Experimental Study on effect of sedimentation promotion with tranquil flow of hydraulic flashboard permeable spur dike[J].Yellow River,2015,37(9):54-58.
[9]LI Y,ALTINAKAR M.Effects of a permeable hydraulic flashboard spur dike on scour and deposition[C].World Environmental and Water Resources Congress,West Palm Beach,Florida,USA,2016.
[10]刘国起,李玉建,侍克斌,等.水力插板透水丁坝在新疆多沙河流上优越性的初步研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2014,25(1):122-126.LIU Guo-qi,LI Yu-jian,SHI Ke-bin,et al.Probe on superiority of hydraulic flashboard permeable spur dike in multi-sediment river of Xinjiang[J].Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering,2014,25(1):122-126.
[11]张凯,侍克斌,李玉建,等.水力插板透水丁坝坝头冲刷坑深度模型试验[J].水利水电科技进展,2016,36(6):90-94.ZHANG Kai,SHI Ke-bin,LI Yu-jian,et al.Model test of scour depth at jetty head of hydraulic flashboard permeable spur dike[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2016,36(6):90-94.
[12]任志,李玉建,侍克斌,等.不同透水率对水力插板透水丁坝防冲促淤效果的试验研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2016,(1):172-174+179.REN Zhi,LI Yu-jian,SHI Ke-bin,et al.Experiment of scour prevention and sedimentation promotion effect for hydraulic flashboard permeable spur dike in different water permeability rates[J].Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering,2016,(1):172-174+179.
[13]王燕燕,刘焕芳,王振.桩柱式双丁坝局部水流结构及冲淤规律的试验研究[J].石河子大学学报:自然科学版,2013,31(1):103-108.WANG Yan-yan,LIU Huan-fang,WANG Zheng.Experimental study on flow structure and local scouring and silting of double permeable spurs[J].Journal of Shihezi University:Natural Science,2013,31(1):103-108.
[14]NASROLLAHI A,GHODSIAN M,NEYSHABOURI SA A S.Local scour at permeable spur dikes[J].Journal of Applied Sciences,2008,8(19):3398-3406.
[15]周银军,刘焕芳,何春光,等.桩柱透水丁坝水流特性试验研究[J].泥沙研究,2009,(5):58-62.ZHOU Yin-jun,LIU Huan-fang,HE Chun-guang,et al.Experimental study on flow character around the pillared permeable spur dike[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2009,(5):58-62.