胡桃楸花芽形成过程中体内物质代谢变化的研究
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摘要
为探讨胡桃楸雌雄花芽生理分化过程中各种物质代谢变化规律与花芽分化的关系,以雌先型和雄先型胡桃楸花芽为试材,通过对胡桃楸的物候期的观察和对花芽可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性变化规律的测定,对其进行生理生化分析。结果表明:胡桃楸雌先型雌花芽、雄先型雌花芽、雄先型雄花芽、雌先型雄花芽的生理分化期分别是3月中下旬～4月下旬、3月末～4月中下旬、4月初～5月初、4月初～5月初,其花期相差10～15d,两种交配类型有2～5d花期相遇的时间完成相互授粉。胡桃楸雌雄花芽在生理分化期芽内物质代谢变化相似,可溶性糖含量变化趋势为:先下降-后上升-再下降,可溶性蛋白质含量与SOD活性变化趋势基本一致,均在生理分化过程中出现低谷,POD活性整体呈上升趋势。不同类型胡桃楸:雌先型胡桃楸雌雄花芽的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量均明显高于雄先型;雌先型胡桃楸雌雄花芽对可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质的需求高于雄先型胡桃楸。两种类型的胡桃楸雌雄花芽在SOD活性方面无明显相关性,雌先型雌花芽POD活性高于雄先型雌花芽,两种类型雄花芽中的POD活性相差不多,POD活性与雌花分化联系密切。
In order to investigate the relationship between the metabolic changes of various substances and flower bud differentiation in the process of physiological differentiation of male and female flower buds of Juglans mandshurica. In this study,the flower buds of female-precursor and male-precursor Juglans mandshurica were used as materials. By observing the phenological period of Juglans mandshurica and determining the changes of soluble sugar, soluble protein content, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and peroxidase(POD) activity in flower buds, the physiological and biochemical analysis of Juglans mandshurica was carried out.. The results show that: The physiological differentiation stages of female precursor female flower bud, male precursor female flower bud, male precursor male flower bud, female precursor male flower bud of Juglans mandshurica are from mid-late March to late April, from late March to mid-late April, from early April to early May, and from early April to early May, respectively. There was a 10-15 d difference in flowering period, and the two mating types had 2-5 days for mutual pollination. The changes of material metabolism in male and female flower buds of Juglans mandshurica during physiological differentiation were similar. The change trend of soluble sugar content was: first decreased-then increased-then decreased. The change trend of soluble protein content was basically the same as that of SOD activity, both of them had low ebbs in the process of physiological differentiation, and POD activity was on the rise as a whole. Different types of Juglans mandshurica: the soluble sugar and soluble protein content of male an d female flower buds of female precursor Juglans mandshurica were significantly higher than that of male precursor. The demand of soluble sugar and soluble protein in male and female flower buds of female precursor Juglans mandshurica was higher than that of male precursor Juglans mandshurica. There was no significant correlation between male and female flower buds of two types of Juglans mandshurica in SOD activity. POD activity of female flower buds with female precursor was higher than that of female flower buds with male precursor. The POD activity of male flower buds of the two types was similar. POD activity is closely related to female flower differentiation.
In order to investigate the relationship between the metabolic changes of various substances and flower bud differentiation in the process of physiological differentiation of male and female flower buds of Juglans mandshurica. In this study,the flower buds of female-precursor and male-precursor Juglans mandshurica were used as materials. By observing the phenological period of Juglans mandshurica and determining the changes of soluble sugar, soluble protein content, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and peroxidase(POD) activity in flower buds, the physiological and biochemical analysis of Juglans mandshurica was carried out.. The results show that: The physiological differentiation stages of female precursor female flower bud, male precursor female flower bud, male precursor male flower bud, female precursor male flower bud of Juglans mandshurica are from mid-late March to late April, from late March to mid-late April, from early April to early May, and from early April to early May, respectively. There was a 10-15 d difference in flowering period, and the two mating types had 2-5 days for mutual pollination. The changes of material metabolism in male and female flower buds of Juglans mandshurica during physiological differentiation were similar. The change trend of soluble sugar content was: first decreased-then increased-then decreased. The change trend of soluble protein content was basically the same as that of SOD activity, both of them had low ebbs in the process of physiological differentiation, and POD activity was on the rise as a whole. Different types of Juglans mandshurica: the soluble sugar and soluble protein content of male an d female flower buds of female precursor Juglans mandshurica were significantly higher than that of male precursor. The demand of soluble sugar and soluble protein in male and female flower buds of female precursor Juglans mandshurica was higher than that of male precursor Juglans mandshurica. There was no significant correlation between male and female flower buds of two types of Juglans mandshurica in SOD activity. POD activity of female flower buds with female precursor was higher than that of female flower buds with male precursor. The POD activity of male flower buds of the two types was similar. POD activity is closely related to female flower differentiation.
引文
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[12]谢小玉,王红霞,赵书岗,等,核桃雌花芽生理分化期芽中营养物质含量的变化[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(19):5048-5050.
[13]张艳红,杨东霞,孙学东.杜鹃花花芽分化期可溶性糖和叶绿素含量的变化[J].辽东学院学报,2007,14(2):65-66.
[14]钟晓红,罗先实,陈爱华.奈李花芽分化与体内主要代谢产物含量的关系[J].湖南农业大学学报,1999,25(1):31-35.
[15]李秉真,孙庆林,张建华,等.苹果梨花芽分化期内源激素含量变化(简报)[J].植物生理学通讯,2000,36(1):27-29.
[16]程方,叶建仁,刘戈,等.松针褐斑病菌毒素处理后湿地松组培苗PAL、PPO、SOD活性变化研究[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(4):521-525.
[17]尹大川,祁金玉,邓勋,等.施用外源钙对干旱胁迫下樟子松苗木生理特性的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2018,49(5):559-565.
[18]张宇婷,高建民,张琼琳,等.植物超氧化物歧化酶的研究进展[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2016,37(9):28-31.
[19]顾雯雯,罗兵,孙海燕,等.植物过氧化物酶同工酶的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(34):12011-12013.
[20]刘齐元,程元强,朱肖文,等.雄性不育烟草花蕾中SOD、POD和CAT活性研究[J],中国烟草学报,2011,17(5):34-37.
[21]董硕.核桃雌雄性别分化生理特性研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2008.
[22]原牡丹,侯智霞,翟明普,等.IAA分解代谢相关酶(IAAO、POD)的研究进展[J].农业生物技术科学,2008,24(8):88-91.
[23]黄鹏,毛霞,洑香香,等.雌雄异型异熟青钱柳花发育过程中养分的动态变化[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,42(5):2-9.
[2] BAI W,ZENG Y,LIAO W,et al.Mating patterns and pollen dispersal in a heterodichogamous tree,Juglans mandshurica(Juglandaceae)[J].New Phytologist,2007,176:699-707.
[3] RENNER SS.How common is heterodihogamy[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,2001,16:595-597.
[4] KIMURA M,GOTO S,SUYAMA Y,et al.Morph-specific mating patterns in a low-density opulation of a heterodi chogamous tree,Juglans ailantifolia[J].Plant Ecol,2012,213:1477-1478.
[5]洑香香,冯岚,方升佐,等.青钱柳开花习性及雄花发育的解剖学观察[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(3):67-71.
[6]洑香香,冯岚,尚旭岚,等.青钱柳雌雄花芽分化进程的形态解剖特征观察[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(6):17-22.
[7] KUROKURA T,MIMIDA N,BATTEY N H,et al.The regulation of seasonal flowering in Rosaceae[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2013,64:4131-4141.
[8]傅永福,孟繁静.植物的成花生理信号[J].中国农业大学学报,1998,3(3):1-11.
[9]夏雪清,郗荣庭.核桃雌花芽的生理分化和形态分化时期[J].河北农业大学学报,1989,12(1):18-21.
[10]赵勇刚.早实核桃花器形态发育和果实性状遗传特性研究[D].济南:山东农业大学,2008.
[11]孟颖.核桃楸(Juglans mandshurica Maxim.)胚胎学研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2008.
[12]谢小玉,王红霞,赵书岗,等,核桃雌花芽生理分化期芽中营养物质含量的变化[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(19):5048-5050.
[13]张艳红,杨东霞,孙学东.杜鹃花花芽分化期可溶性糖和叶绿素含量的变化[J].辽东学院学报,2007,14(2):65-66.
[14]钟晓红,罗先实,陈爱华.奈李花芽分化与体内主要代谢产物含量的关系[J].湖南农业大学学报,1999,25(1):31-35.
[15]李秉真,孙庆林,张建华,等.苹果梨花芽分化期内源激素含量变化(简报)[J].植物生理学通讯,2000,36(1):27-29.
[16]程方,叶建仁,刘戈,等.松针褐斑病菌毒素处理后湿地松组培苗PAL、PPO、SOD活性变化研究[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(4):521-525.
[17]尹大川,祁金玉,邓勋,等.施用外源钙对干旱胁迫下樟子松苗木生理特性的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2018,49(5):559-565.
[18]张宇婷,高建民,张琼琳,等.植物超氧化物歧化酶的研究进展[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2016,37(9):28-31.
[19]顾雯雯,罗兵,孙海燕,等.植物过氧化物酶同工酶的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(34):12011-12013.
[20]刘齐元,程元强,朱肖文,等.雄性不育烟草花蕾中SOD、POD和CAT活性研究[J],中国烟草学报,2011,17(5):34-37.
[21]董硕.核桃雌雄性别分化生理特性研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2008.
[22]原牡丹,侯智霞,翟明普,等.IAA分解代谢相关酶(IAAO、POD)的研究进展[J].农业生物技术科学,2008,24(8):88-91.
[23]黄鹏,毛霞,洑香香,等.雌雄异型异熟青钱柳花发育过程中养分的动态变化[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,42(5):2-9.