三峡库区支流“水华”现状及防控对策
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摘要
通过对三峡库区重庆境内36条主要支流历年水质监测结果和"水华"发生情况进行统计分析,截至2017年底共发生"水华"100余次,"水华"暴发时间主要集中在每年3-5月;水质变化情况与营养程度成正相关,营养化呈现库区上游支流高于下游、支流回水区高于非回水区的趋势;"水华"发生受富营养化程度和库区回水顶托影响明显。在三峡库区支流"水华"防控方面,提出加强库区支流现场巡查,发展自动化、科技化的监测手段,提高预警监测能力,并运用物理、生态和营养控制等多种方式,进行监测和防治相结合防控"水华"发生的对策建议。
Based on the statistical analysis of the water quality monitoring results and the occurrence of water blooms in 36 major tributaries of Chongqing in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area over the years, there were more than 100 water blooms by the end of 2017, with the outbreak time mainly concentrated in March to May each year. There was a positive correlation between water quality change and nutritional level, and the trend of eutrophication was higher in upstream tributaries than in downstream tributaries and higher in backwater areas than in non-backwater areas. The occurrence of water bloom was obviously affected by the degree of eutrophication and backwater jacking in the reservoir area. In the prevention and control of water bloom in tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to strengthen on-site inspections of tributaries of the Reservoir Area, develop automatic and scientific monitoring means, improve early warning and monitoring capabilities, and combine monitoring and control with physical, ecological and nutritional control.
Based on the statistical analysis of the water quality monitoring results and the occurrence of water blooms in 36 major tributaries of Chongqing in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area over the years, there were more than 100 water blooms by the end of 2017, with the outbreak time mainly concentrated in March to May each year. There was a positive correlation between water quality change and nutritional level, and the trend of eutrophication was higher in upstream tributaries than in downstream tributaries and higher in backwater areas than in non-backwater areas. The occurrence of water bloom was obviously affected by the degree of eutrophication and backwater jacking in the reservoir area. In the prevention and control of water bloom in tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to strengthen on-site inspections of tributaries of the Reservoir Area, develop automatic and scientific monitoring means, improve early warning and monitoring capabilities, and combine monitoring and control with physical, ecological and nutritional control.
引文
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[11] 朱喜,袁萍.长江三峡水库“水华”爆发及其对策[C]//2013中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集(第五卷).北京:中国环境科学学会,2013:3297-3302.
[12] 王寿兵,徐紫然,张洁.大型湖库富营养化蓝藻水华防控技术发展评述[J].水资源保护,2016,32(4):88-99.
[13] 李媛,张家卫,魏杰,等.我国蓝藻水华的发生机理、危害及防控利用研究进展[J].微生物学杂志,2015,35(4):93-97.
[2] 唐萍,翟红娟,邹家祥.三峡库区水环境保护与生态修复初步研究[J].水资源保护,2011,27(5):43-46.
[3] 甘捷.三峡库区流域水污染协同治理对策研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2016.
[4] 吕静.三峡库区水华特征及原水处理技术探讨[J].资源节约与环保,2014(5):131-132.
[5] 杨兵.三峡前置库汉丰湖试运行年水环境变化特征及控制效果评估[D].重庆:西南大学,2017.
[6] 杨正健,俞焰,陈钊,等.三峡水库支流库湾水体富营养化及水华机理研究进展[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2017,50(4):507-516.
[7] 刘德富,杨正健,纪道斌,等.三峡水库支流水华机理及其调控技术研究进展[J].水利学报,2016,47(3):443-454.
[8] 卢晓燕,刘萍萍,蔡政英.水华成因及法制控制对策的研究:以香溪河为例[J].科技展望,2017,27(21):333-334.
[9] 章国渊.三峡水库典型支流水华机理研究进展及防控措施浅议[J].长江科学院院报,2012,29(10):48-56.
[10] 赵冰,汤敏,闻学政,等.三峡库区富营养化现状及其控制探讨[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(7):4127-4128,4131.
[11] 朱喜,袁萍.长江三峡水库“水华”爆发及其对策[C]//2013中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集(第五卷).北京:中国环境科学学会,2013:3297-3302.
[12] 王寿兵,徐紫然,张洁.大型湖库富营养化蓝藻水华防控技术发展评述[J].水资源保护,2016,32(4):88-99.
[13] 李媛,张家卫,魏杰,等.我国蓝藻水华的发生机理、危害及防控利用研究进展[J].微生物学杂志,2015,35(4):93-97.