基于多种水文学方法的汉江子午河生态流量研究
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摘要
汉江支流的子午河是陕西省"引汉济渭"工程的两大水源之一,为了维持下游河道的生态环境健康,子午河上的三河口水库下泄流量必须满足生态环境用水和生态流量过程的要求。采用两河口水文站的流量观测资料,运用变化范围法(RVA)、Q90法、多年日流量资料排频法,分析计算子午河年内生态流量过程,研究该河道维持多种生态环境目标所需要的生态需水量。研究结果表明:RVA法和Q90法计算得到的年生态需水量分别为46 344.3、11 574.0万m~3;多年日流量资料排频法获得的保证率(60%、70%、80%、90%)对应的年生态需水量分别为47 262.6、38 170.5、30 316.0、22 799.5万m~3。多年日流量资料排频法中,60%保证率对应的年生态需水量最大,可以达到较高的生态环境保护目标;Q90法获得的年生态需水量最小,对应最低的生态环境保护目标。计算得到的生态流量过程线可为水库调度和生态环境保护提供科学指导。
Ziwu River,one of the two huge water resources for Hanjiang-to-Weihe Diversion Project,is located in the tributary of the Hanjiang River. In order to maintain the ecological health of the downstream,the discharge of Sanhekou Reservoir must meet the requirements of the ecological environment and ecological water flow. Therefore,for the two hydrological stations of Sanhekou Reservoir,the method of Range of Variability Approach( RVA),Q90 method and daily mean method of flow discharge were used for research on required ecological flow of maintaining a variety of eco-environmental objectives. The annual ecological water requirement calculated by RVA method and Q90 method were respectively 463. 44 × 106m3 and 115. 74 × 106m3. Annual daily flow discharge frequency method obtained the annual ecological water demand of 472. 62 × 106m3,381. 71 × 106m3,303. 16 × 106m3,228. 00 × 109m3 with the respective guarantee of 60%,70%,80% and 90%. Comparing ecological water demands calculated by the three methods,the annual ecological water demand corresponded to 60% guarantee rate is the largest,and can achieve high ecological and environmental protection goals,while Q90 law requires a minimum amount of water,and corresponds to the lowest ecological environmental protection target. The calculated ecological flow process line can provide guidance for reservoir operation and ecological environment protection.
Ziwu River,one of the two huge water resources for Hanjiang-to-Weihe Diversion Project,is located in the tributary of the Hanjiang River. In order to maintain the ecological health of the downstream,the discharge of Sanhekou Reservoir must meet the requirements of the ecological environment and ecological water flow. Therefore,for the two hydrological stations of Sanhekou Reservoir,the method of Range of Variability Approach( RVA),Q90 method and daily mean method of flow discharge were used for research on required ecological flow of maintaining a variety of eco-environmental objectives. The annual ecological water requirement calculated by RVA method and Q90 method were respectively 463. 44 × 106m3 and 115. 74 × 106m3. Annual daily flow discharge frequency method obtained the annual ecological water demand of 472. 62 × 106m3,381. 71 × 106m3,303. 16 × 106m3,228. 00 × 109m3 with the respective guarantee of 60%,70%,80% and 90%. Comparing ecological water demands calculated by the three methods,the annual ecological water demand corresponded to 60% guarantee rate is the largest,and can achieve high ecological and environmental protection goals,while Q90 law requires a minimum amount of water,and corresponds to the lowest ecological environmental protection target. The calculated ecological flow process line can provide guidance for reservoir operation and ecological environment protection.
引文
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[2]徐志侠,陈敏建,董增川.河流生态需水计算方法评述[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(1):5-9.
[3]黄强,李群,张泽中,等.计算黄河干流生态环境需水Tennant法的改进及应用[J].水动力学研究与进展A辑,2007,22(6):774-781.
[4]韩宇平,王富强,赵若,等.北运河河流生态需水分段法研究[J].华北水利水电大学学报(自然科学版),2014,35(2):25-29.
[5]中华人民共和国城乡建设环境保护部.制订地方水污染物排放标准的技术原则与方法:GB 3839—1983[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1983.
[6]史方方,黄薇.丹江口水库对汉江中下游影响的生态学分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(10):954-958.
[7]于茜,黄强,张洪波.不同水库运行模式对黄河兰州站生态水文特征变异的影响[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(5):747-755.
[8]张飒,班璇,黄强,等.基于变化范围法的汉江中游水文情势变化规律分析[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(7):34-43.
[9]胡和平,刘登峰,田富强,等.基于生态流量过程线的水库生态调度方法研究[J].水科学进展,2008,19(3):325-332.
[10]王浩,刘家宏.引汉济渭工程在国家水资源战略布局中的作用[J].中国水利,2015(14):47-50.
[11]张楷,张升堂.陕南子午河“02.6”特大暴雨洪水分析[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2004,2(1):54-56.
[12]陕西省地方志纂委员会.陕西省志第十三卷:水利志[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,1999.
[13]ZOLEZZI G,BELLIN A,BRUNO M C,et al.Assessing hydrological alterations at multiple temporal scales:adige river,Italy[J].Water Resources Research,2009,45(12):69-76.
[14]官云飞,黄显峰,方国华,等.基于RVA框架的河流适宜生态环境需水研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(1):105-110.
[15]RICHTER B,BAUMGARTNER J,WIGINGTON R,et al.How much water does a river need[J].Freshwater Biology,1997,37(1):231-249.
[16]舒畅,刘苏峡,莫兴国,等.基于变异性范围法(RVA)的河流生态流量估算[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(5):1151-1155.