不同有机肥施用量对苹果园土壤养分及酶活性的影响
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摘要
为探究有机肥施用量对土壤养分及酶活性的影响,以10年生‘富士’苹果为材料,设置不同有机肥施用量,研究其对土壤养分及酶活性的影响。结果表明,施用有机肥能不同程度地提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾含量和土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶活性,且随着施肥量的增加而增大。其中,75 kg·株~(-1)施肥处理下0～20、20～40 cm和40～60 cm土层土壤有机质含量分别为16.85、13.23、9.17 g·kg~(-1),分别比CK增加37.89%、31.12%、16.96%,且该施肥处理的土壤有机质含量与100 kg·株~(-1)处理无显著差异;75 kg·株~(-1)施肥处理下0～20、20～40 cm和40～60 cm土层土壤碱解氮含量分别为73.50、54.83、35.00 mg·kg~(-1),分别比CK增加65.80%、80.78%、87.47%;在0～20 cm土层,75 kg·株~(-1)施肥处理的土壤速效钾含量为85.03 mg·kg~(-1),与100 kg·株~(-1)处理无显著差异,但显著高于50、25 kg·株~(-1)处理和CK,比CK增加25.90%。在0～20、20～40 cm和40～60 cm土层,75 kg·株~(-1)施肥处理的蔗糖酶活性分别为16.35、13.00、8.56 mg·g~(-1)·d~(-1),分别比CK提高21.92%、34.85%、28.92%,蔗糖酶活性显著高于50 kg·株~(-1)和25 kg·株~(-1)处理和CK;在0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层,75 kg·株~(-1)施肥处理的土壤脲酶活性分别为1.42、0.55 mg·g~(-1)·d~(-1),分别比CK提高115.15%、44.74%,脲酶活性显著高于50、25 kg·株~(-1)处理和CK,但与100 kg·株~(-1)处理无显著差异。综合分析比较,施用有机肥75 kg·株~(-1)对提高土壤综合肥力效果较好。
In order to explore the effects of organic fertilizer amount on soil nutrient and enzyme activity,10-year-old ‘Fuji' apple trees were used as research objects.Different amounts of organic fertilizer were applied to study the effects on soil nutrient and enzyme activity.The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer could increase the soil organic matter,alkali nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,and promote soil catalase,sucrase,urease and phosphatase activities,and demonstrated amount-dependence effect:100 kg of organic fertilizer per tree>75 kg>50 kg>25 kg>control.Among them,the soil organic matter contents in 0-20,20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers under fertilization treatment of 75 kg per tree was 16.85,13.23,and 9.17 g·kg~(-1),respectively,increased by 37.89%,31.12%,16.96% compared with the control.There was no significant difference in soil organic matter content between 75 and 100 kg per tree treatment.The soil alkali nitrogen contents in 0-20,20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers under 75 kg treatment were 73.50,54.83,and 35.00 mg·kg~(-1),respectively,increased by 65.80%,80.78%,87.47% compared with the control.The soil available potassium content in the 0-20 cm soil layer with 75 kg treatment was 85.03 mg·kg~(-1),and had no significant difference with 100 kg treatment,but significantly higher than 50 and 25 kg treatments,as well as the control,25.90% higher than the control.In the 0-20,20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers,the soil invertase activity of 75 kg treatment was 16.35,13.00,and 8.56 mg·g~(-1)·24 h~(-1),respectively,increased by 21.92%,34.85% and 28.92% compared with the control,the invertase activity was significantly higher than 50 and 25 kg treatments and the control.In the 0-20 and 20-40 soil layers,the soil urease activities of 75 kg treatment were 1.42 and 0.55 mg·g~(-1)·24 h~(-1),respectively,increased by 115.15%,44.74% compared with the control,and the urease activity was significantly higher than 50 and 25 treatments,as well as the control,but no significant difference with 100 kg treatment.Comprehensive analysis and comparison showed that applying organic fertilizer with the amount of 75 kg per tree had better effects on improving the comprehensive index of soil fertility.
In order to explore the effects of organic fertilizer amount on soil nutrient and enzyme activity,10-year-old ‘Fuji' apple trees were used as research objects.Different amounts of organic fertilizer were applied to study the effects on soil nutrient and enzyme activity.The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer could increase the soil organic matter,alkali nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,and promote soil catalase,sucrase,urease and phosphatase activities,and demonstrated amount-dependence effect:100 kg of organic fertilizer per tree>75 kg>50 kg>25 kg>control.Among them,the soil organic matter contents in 0-20,20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers under fertilization treatment of 75 kg per tree was 16.85,13.23,and 9.17 g·kg~(-1),respectively,increased by 37.89%,31.12%,16.96% compared with the control.There was no significant difference in soil organic matter content between 75 and 100 kg per tree treatment.The soil alkali nitrogen contents in 0-20,20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers under 75 kg treatment were 73.50,54.83,and 35.00 mg·kg~(-1),respectively,increased by 65.80%,80.78%,87.47% compared with the control.The soil available potassium content in the 0-20 cm soil layer with 75 kg treatment was 85.03 mg·kg~(-1),and had no significant difference with 100 kg treatment,but significantly higher than 50 and 25 kg treatments,as well as the control,25.90% higher than the control.In the 0-20,20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers,the soil invertase activity of 75 kg treatment was 16.35,13.00,and 8.56 mg·g~(-1)·24 h~(-1),respectively,increased by 21.92%,34.85% and 28.92% compared with the control,the invertase activity was significantly higher than 50 and 25 kg treatments and the control.In the 0-20 and 20-40 soil layers,the soil urease activities of 75 kg treatment were 1.42 and 0.55 mg·g~(-1)·24 h~(-1),respectively,increased by 115.15%,44.74% compared with the control,and the urease activity was significantly higher than 50 and 25 treatments,as well as the control,but no significant difference with 100 kg treatment.Comprehensive analysis and comparison showed that applying organic fertilizer with the amount of 75 kg per tree had better effects on improving the comprehensive index of soil fertility.
引文
[1] 蔺浩然.有机肥对苹果园土壤及果实品质的影响[D].杨陵:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[2] 孔涛,马瑜,刘民,等.生物有机肥对土壤养分和土壤微生物的影响[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(4):884-891.KONG T,MA Y,LIU M,et al.Effect of applying biological organic fertilizer on soil nutrients and soil microbes[J].Arid zone Resarch,2016,33(4):884-891.(in Chinese)
[3] 李英.不同有机肥对有机番茄产量品质及土壤养分影响的的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.
[4] 杜严严.红树莓基肥施用技术研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2016.
[5] 田小明,李俊华,王成,等.连续3年施用生物有机肥土壤养分、微生物生物量及酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2014,46(3):481-488.TIAN X M,LI J H,WANG C,et al.Effects of continuous application of bio-organic fertilizer for three years on soil nutrients,microbial biomass and enzyme activity[J].Soil,2014,46(3):481-488.(in Chinese)
[6] 李东坡,武志杰,陈利军,等.长期不同培肥黑土磷酸酶活性动态变化及其影响因素[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(5):550-553.LI D P,WU S J,CHEN L J,et al.Dynamics of phosphatase activity and influeneing factors in black soil under long-term fertilization[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Seienee,2004,10(5):550-553.(in Chinese)
[7] 张恩和,黄高宝.间套种植复合群体根系时空分布特征[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(8):1301-1304.
[8] 关松荫.土壤酶与土壤肥力[J].土壤通报,1980(6):41-44.
[9] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1982.
[10] 关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:274-328.
[11] 杨希.有机无机配施对黑土肥力的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2009.
[12] 卫婷,韩丽娜,韩清芳,等.有机培肥对旱地土壤养分有效性和酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):611-620.
[13] 李帆,万水霞,蒋光月,等.有机肥施用量对甘蓝产量及土壤中养分含量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(13) :5776-5778.
[14] 崔红标,田超,周静,等.纳米羟基磷灰石对重金属土壤污染Cu/Cd形态分布及土壤酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(5):874-880.CUI H B,TIAN C,ZHOU J,et al.The effects of nano-scale hydroxyapatite on the speciation of Cu and Cd and enzymatic activities in soils[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(5):874-880.(in Chinese)
[15] 黄剑.生物炭对土壤微生物量及土壤酶的影响研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[16] 傅丽君,杨文君.4种农药对枇杷园土壤磷酸酶活性及微生物呼吸的影响[J].中国农业生态学报,2007,15(6):113-116.
[17] 李静,李志阳,陈秀龙,等.不同施肥处理对木薯园土壤养分、酶活性及木薯生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(36):216-221.LI J,LI Z Y,CHEN X L,et al.Effect of fertilization on soil nutrition,enzyme activities and plant growth of cassava field[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,30(36):216-221.(in Chinese)
[18] 张鹏,贾志宽,路文涛,等.不同有机肥施用量对宁南旱区土壤养分、酶活性及作物生产力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(5):1122-1130.ZHANG P,JIA Z K,LU W T,et al.Effects of organic fertilization on soil nutrient,enzyme activity and crop productivity in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2011,17(5):1122-1130.(in Chinese)
[19] 王桂芳,李丙智,张林森,等.苹果园沼液配施钾肥对土壤酶活性及果实品质的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(5):88-91.WANG G F,LI B Z,ZHANG L S,et al.Effect of application of biogas slurry with potassium on soil enzyme activity and quality of Red Fuji apple[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2009,24(5):88-91.(in Chinese)
[20] 杨丽娟,李天来,付时丰,等.施用有机肥和化肥对菜田土壤酶动态特性的影响[J].土壤通报,2005,36(2):224-226.YANG L J,LI T L,FU S F,et al.Effect of manure and chemical fertilizer on the dynamics of soil enzymic activities in vegetable soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2005,36(2):224-226.(in Chinese)
[2] 孔涛,马瑜,刘民,等.生物有机肥对土壤养分和土壤微生物的影响[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(4):884-891.KONG T,MA Y,LIU M,et al.Effect of applying biological organic fertilizer on soil nutrients and soil microbes[J].Arid zone Resarch,2016,33(4):884-891.(in Chinese)
[3] 李英.不同有机肥对有机番茄产量品质及土壤养分影响的的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.
[4] 杜严严.红树莓基肥施用技术研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2016.
[5] 田小明,李俊华,王成,等.连续3年施用生物有机肥土壤养分、微生物生物量及酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2014,46(3):481-488.TIAN X M,LI J H,WANG C,et al.Effects of continuous application of bio-organic fertilizer for three years on soil nutrients,microbial biomass and enzyme activity[J].Soil,2014,46(3):481-488.(in Chinese)
[6] 李东坡,武志杰,陈利军,等.长期不同培肥黑土磷酸酶活性动态变化及其影响因素[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(5):550-553.LI D P,WU S J,CHEN L J,et al.Dynamics of phosphatase activity and influeneing factors in black soil under long-term fertilization[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Seienee,2004,10(5):550-553.(in Chinese)
[7] 张恩和,黄高宝.间套种植复合群体根系时空分布特征[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(8):1301-1304.
[8] 关松荫.土壤酶与土壤肥力[J].土壤通报,1980(6):41-44.
[9] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1982.
[10] 关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:274-328.
[11] 杨希.有机无机配施对黑土肥力的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2009.
[12] 卫婷,韩丽娜,韩清芳,等.有机培肥对旱地土壤养分有效性和酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):611-620.
[13] 李帆,万水霞,蒋光月,等.有机肥施用量对甘蓝产量及土壤中养分含量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(13) :5776-5778.
[14] 崔红标,田超,周静,等.纳米羟基磷灰石对重金属土壤污染Cu/Cd形态分布及土壤酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(5):874-880.CUI H B,TIAN C,ZHOU J,et al.The effects of nano-scale hydroxyapatite on the speciation of Cu and Cd and enzymatic activities in soils[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(5):874-880.(in Chinese)
[15] 黄剑.生物炭对土壤微生物量及土壤酶的影响研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[16] 傅丽君,杨文君.4种农药对枇杷园土壤磷酸酶活性及微生物呼吸的影响[J].中国农业生态学报,2007,15(6):113-116.
[17] 李静,李志阳,陈秀龙,等.不同施肥处理对木薯园土壤养分、酶活性及木薯生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(36):216-221.LI J,LI Z Y,CHEN X L,et al.Effect of fertilization on soil nutrition,enzyme activities and plant growth of cassava field[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,30(36):216-221.(in Chinese)
[18] 张鹏,贾志宽,路文涛,等.不同有机肥施用量对宁南旱区土壤养分、酶活性及作物生产力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(5):1122-1130.ZHANG P,JIA Z K,LU W T,et al.Effects of organic fertilization on soil nutrient,enzyme activity and crop productivity in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2011,17(5):1122-1130.(in Chinese)
[19] 王桂芳,李丙智,张林森,等.苹果园沼液配施钾肥对土壤酶活性及果实品质的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(5):88-91.WANG G F,LI B Z,ZHANG L S,et al.Effect of application of biogas slurry with potassium on soil enzyme activity and quality of Red Fuji apple[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2009,24(5):88-91.(in Chinese)
[20] 杨丽娟,李天来,付时丰,等.施用有机肥和化肥对菜田土壤酶动态特性的影响[J].土壤通报,2005,36(2):224-226.YANG L J,LI T L,FU S F,et al.Effect of manure and chemical fertilizer on the dynamics of soil enzymic activities in vegetable soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2005,36(2):224-226.(in Chinese)