中国生命周期评价理论与实践研究进展及对策分析
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摘要
主要分析了我国生命周期评价的理论与实践研究进展与数据库构建现状,针对当前我国生命周期评价理论与应用研究的关键薄弱环节即不确定性分析、本土化数据库构建、本土化生命周期环境影响评价模型构建,指出了利用泰勒系列展开模型进行符合我国产业链生产现状的精确、完整、具有代表性、具有时空动态特征的生命周期数据库构建的必要性;并指出需要根据我国国情(例如:环境、地理、人口、暴露等)来构建生命周期环境影响评价模型的紧迫性。
This paper presents a review of the development of theoretical research and the current condition of database construction for life cycle assessment( LCA) in China. Our goal was to determine the primary weaknesses of the current theory and application of LCA in China,including uncertainty analysis,local database construction,and local Life Cycle Impact Assessment( LCIA) model development. We point out the necessity of developing China's LCA database,which could accurately,completely,representatively,and spatially-temporally dynamically fit the status quo of China's industrial production chain using the Taylor Series Expansion model. We also stress the urgency of building local LCIA models,which could fit China's national conditions,such as environment,geography,population,and exposure,among others.
This paper presents a review of the development of theoretical research and the current condition of database construction for life cycle assessment( LCA) in China. Our goal was to determine the primary weaknesses of the current theory and application of LCA in China,including uncertainty analysis,local database construction,and local Life Cycle Impact Assessment( LCIA) model development. We point out the necessity of developing China's LCA database,which could accurately,completely,representatively,and spatially-temporally dynamically fit the status quo of China's industrial production chain using the Taylor Series Expansion model. We also stress the urgency of building local LCIA models,which could fit China's national conditions,such as environment,geography,population,and exposure,among others.
引文
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[2]Hunt R G,Franklin W E,Hunt R G.LCA-How it came about-personal reflections on the origin and the development of LCA in the USA.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,1996,1(1):4-7.
[3]Memorial In B,Curran M A.Life-Cycle Assessment:Inventory Guidelines and Principles.New York:CRC Press,1994:6-7.
[4]PRe.Consultants.LCA data in Sima Pro.[2009-02-03].http://www.pre.nl/simapro/inventory_databases.htm.
[5]Curran M A,Notten P.Summary of global life cycle inventory data resources.[2009-02-03].http://www.epa.gov/ORD/NRMRL/lcaccess/pdfs/summary_of_globallci_data_resources.pdf.
[6]Goedkoop M,Oele M,Effting S.Simapro database manual methods library.Netherland:PRe.Consultants.2004.[2009-02-03].http://www.pre.nl/simapro/impact_assessment_methods.htm.
[7]U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Life-Cycle Impact Assessment:A Conceptual Framework,Key Issues,and Summary of Existing Methods,EPA/452/R-95/002.Washington,DC:U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,1995.
[8]张建普.电冰箱全生命周期环境影响评价研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2010.
[9]杨建新,王如松,刘晶茹.中国产品生命周期影响评价方法研究.环境科学学报,2001,21(2):234-237.
[10]杨建新.产品生命周期评价方法及应用.徐成,王如松,译.北京:气象出版社,2002.
[11]刘夏璐,王洪涛,陈建,何琴,张浩,姜睿,陈雪雪,侯萍.中国生命周期参考数据库的建立方法与基础模型.环境科学学报,2010,30(10):2136-2144.
[12]成都亿科环境科技有限公司网站.http://www.ike-global.com/
[13]左铁镛,聂祚仁,狄向华,李贵奇.中国材料环境协调性评价研究进展.材料导报,2001,15(6):1-3
[14]Nie Z R,Di X H,Li G Q,Zuo T Y.Material life cycle assessment in China.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,2001,6(1):47-48
[15]聂祚仁,髙峰,陈文娟,龚先政,王志宏,左铁镛.材料生命周期的评价研究.材料导报,2009,23(13):1-6.
[16]龚先政,聂祚仁,王志宏,高峰,陈文娟,左铁镛.中国材料生命周期分析数据库开发及应用.中国材料进展,2011,30(8):1-7.
[17]山东大学环境科学与工程学院洪静兰教授介绍http://www.huanke.sdu.edu.cn/showszdw.php?articleid=1831
[18]Hong J L,Zhang F F,Xu C Q,Xu X,Li X Z.Evaluation of life cycle inventory at macro level:a case study of mechanical coke production in China.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,2015,20(6):751-764.
[19]Hong J L.Uncertainty propagation in life cycle assessment of biodiesel versus diesel:global warming and non-renewable energy.Bioresource Technology,2012,113:3-7.
[20]Hong J L,Shaked S,Rosenbaum R K,Jolliet O.Analytical uncertainty propagation in life cycle inventory and impact assessment:application to an automobile front panel.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,2010,15(5):499-510.
[21]孙锌,张鹏,范亚丽.中国汽车生命周期数据库建设的理论研究.中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(11):427-430.
[22]Heijungs R,Lenzen M.Error propagation methods for LCA—a comparison.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,2014,19(7):1445-1461.
[23]王寿兵,杨建新,胡聃.生命周期评价方法及其进展.上海环境科学,1998,17(11):7-10.
[24]Chen W,Zhang F F,Hong J L,Shi W X,Feng S T,Tan X F,Geng Y.Life cycle toxicity assessment on deep-brine well drilling.Journal of Cleaner Production,2015,112:326-332.
[25]Rosenbaum R K,Bachmann T M,Gold L S,Huijbregts M A J,Jolliet O,Juraske R,Koehler A,Larsen H F,Mac Leod M,Margni M,Mc Kone T E,Payet J,Schuhmacher M,Van De Meent D,Hauschild Show M Z.USEtox—the UNEP-SETAC toxicity model:recommended characterisation factors for human toxicity and freshwater ecotoxicity in life cycle impact assessment.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,2008,13:532-546.
[26]Li X Z,Yang Y,Xu X,Xu C Q,Hong J L.Air pollution from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons generated by human activities and their health effects in China.Journal of Cleaner Production,2015,112:1360-1367.
[2]Hunt R G,Franklin W E,Hunt R G.LCA-How it came about-personal reflections on the origin and the development of LCA in the USA.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,1996,1(1):4-7.
[3]Memorial In B,Curran M A.Life-Cycle Assessment:Inventory Guidelines and Principles.New York:CRC Press,1994:6-7.
[4]PRe.Consultants.LCA data in Sima Pro.[2009-02-03].http://www.pre.nl/simapro/inventory_databases.htm.
[5]Curran M A,Notten P.Summary of global life cycle inventory data resources.[2009-02-03].http://www.epa.gov/ORD/NRMRL/lcaccess/pdfs/summary_of_globallci_data_resources.pdf.
[6]Goedkoop M,Oele M,Effting S.Simapro database manual methods library.Netherland:PRe.Consultants.2004.[2009-02-03].http://www.pre.nl/simapro/impact_assessment_methods.htm.
[7]U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Life-Cycle Impact Assessment:A Conceptual Framework,Key Issues,and Summary of Existing Methods,EPA/452/R-95/002.Washington,DC:U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,1995.
[8]张建普.电冰箱全生命周期环境影响评价研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2010.
[9]杨建新,王如松,刘晶茹.中国产品生命周期影响评价方法研究.环境科学学报,2001,21(2):234-237.
[10]杨建新.产品生命周期评价方法及应用.徐成,王如松,译.北京:气象出版社,2002.
[11]刘夏璐,王洪涛,陈建,何琴,张浩,姜睿,陈雪雪,侯萍.中国生命周期参考数据库的建立方法与基础模型.环境科学学报,2010,30(10):2136-2144.
[12]成都亿科环境科技有限公司网站.http://www.ike-global.com/
[13]左铁镛,聂祚仁,狄向华,李贵奇.中国材料环境协调性评价研究进展.材料导报,2001,15(6):1-3
[14]Nie Z R,Di X H,Li G Q,Zuo T Y.Material life cycle assessment in China.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,2001,6(1):47-48
[15]聂祚仁,髙峰,陈文娟,龚先政,王志宏,左铁镛.材料生命周期的评价研究.材料导报,2009,23(13):1-6.
[16]龚先政,聂祚仁,王志宏,高峰,陈文娟,左铁镛.中国材料生命周期分析数据库开发及应用.中国材料进展,2011,30(8):1-7.
[17]山东大学环境科学与工程学院洪静兰教授介绍http://www.huanke.sdu.edu.cn/showszdw.php?articleid=1831
[18]Hong J L,Zhang F F,Xu C Q,Xu X,Li X Z.Evaluation of life cycle inventory at macro level:a case study of mechanical coke production in China.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,2015,20(6):751-764.
[19]Hong J L.Uncertainty propagation in life cycle assessment of biodiesel versus diesel:global warming and non-renewable energy.Bioresource Technology,2012,113:3-7.
[20]Hong J L,Shaked S,Rosenbaum R K,Jolliet O.Analytical uncertainty propagation in life cycle inventory and impact assessment:application to an automobile front panel.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,2010,15(5):499-510.
[21]孙锌,张鹏,范亚丽.中国汽车生命周期数据库建设的理论研究.中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(11):427-430.
[22]Heijungs R,Lenzen M.Error propagation methods for LCA—a comparison.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,2014,19(7):1445-1461.
[23]王寿兵,杨建新,胡聃.生命周期评价方法及其进展.上海环境科学,1998,17(11):7-10.
[24]Chen W,Zhang F F,Hong J L,Shi W X,Feng S T,Tan X F,Geng Y.Life cycle toxicity assessment on deep-brine well drilling.Journal of Cleaner Production,2015,112:326-332.
[25]Rosenbaum R K,Bachmann T M,Gold L S,Huijbregts M A J,Jolliet O,Juraske R,Koehler A,Larsen H F,Mac Leod M,Margni M,Mc Kone T E,Payet J,Schuhmacher M,Van De Meent D,Hauschild Show M Z.USEtox—the UNEP-SETAC toxicity model:recommended characterisation factors for human toxicity and freshwater ecotoxicity in life cycle impact assessment.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,2008,13:532-546.
[26]Li X Z,Yang Y,Xu X,Xu C Q,Hong J L.Air pollution from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons generated by human activities and their health effects in China.Journal of Cleaner Production,2015,112:1360-1367.