SF_6替代气体C_4F_7N-N_2电离特性的稳态汤逊法研究
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摘要
为了对C_4F_7N-N_2新型混合气体的电离特性做出评估,搭建了基于稳态汤逊(SST)法的实验平台。通过对电负性气体SF_6和电中性气体N_2的电离系数密度比、吸附系数密度比及有效电离系数密度比的试验研究及与文献报道的试验结果对比,验证了该平台的可靠性。应用SST平台,在20℃和约化电场强度为200～500 Td的条件下,通过对气体非自持放电阶段的pA级电子崩电流的测量,开展了9%C_4F_7N-91%N_2气体和20%C_4F_7N-80%N_2气体的SST试验和电离特性研究,发现20%C_4F_7N-80%N_2的临界绝缘强度为407.43 Td,而9%C_4F_7N-91%N_2的临界绝缘强度为305.93Td。结果表明,在间隙不出现自持放电的情况下,9%C_4F_7N-91%N_2混合气体的临界绝缘强度约为纯SF_6气体的85%,20%C_4F_7N-80%N_2混合气体的临界绝缘强度约为纯SF_6气体的1.15倍,表现出优于纯SF_6的绝缘特性。
In order to evaluate the ionization characteristics of C_4F_7 N-N_2 gas mixtures, an experimental apparatus based on steady-state Townsend(SST) method was set up. The normalized ionization coefficient, attachment coefficient as well as effective ionization coefficient of pure SF_6 and N_2 gases were measured on this SST apparatus and compared with the experimental results reported in literatures, which verified the reliability of the apparatus. Thereby, the ionization characteristics of 9%C_4F_7 N-91%N_2 and 20%C_4F_7 N-80%N_2 gas mixtures were studied, respectively, by measuring currents(～pA)of electronic avalanche in the non-self sustained discharge stage using the SST apparatus under the conditions of 20 ℃and the reduced electric field varying from 200 Td to 500 Td. It is found that the critical insulation strength of20%C_4F_7 N-80%N_2 is 407.43 Td, however, the critical insulation strength of 9%C_4F_7 N-91%N_2 is 305.93 Td. These results show that when there is no self-sustaining discharge in the dielectric, the critical insulation strength of 9%C_4F_7 N-91%N_2 gas mixture is about 85% of that of pure SF_6 gas. However, the critical insulation strength of 20%C_4F_7 N-80%N_2 gas mixture is about 1.15 times that of pure SF_6 gas,which shows a better insulation performance than SF_6 gas.
In order to evaluate the ionization characteristics of C_4F_7 N-N_2 gas mixtures, an experimental apparatus based on steady-state Townsend(SST) method was set up. The normalized ionization coefficient, attachment coefficient as well as effective ionization coefficient of pure SF_6 and N_2 gases were measured on this SST apparatus and compared with the experimental results reported in literatures, which verified the reliability of the apparatus. Thereby, the ionization characteristics of 9%C_4F_7 N-91%N_2 and 20%C_4F_7 N-80%N_2 gas mixtures were studied, respectively, by measuring currents(～pA)of electronic avalanche in the non-self sustained discharge stage using the SST apparatus under the conditions of 20 ℃and the reduced electric field varying from 200 Td to 500 Td. It is found that the critical insulation strength of20%C_4F_7 N-80%N_2 is 407.43 Td, however, the critical insulation strength of 9%C_4F_7 N-91%N_2 is 305.93 Td. These results show that when there is no self-sustaining discharge in the dielectric, the critical insulation strength of 9%C_4F_7 N-91%N_2 gas mixture is about 85% of that of pure SF_6 gas. However, the critical insulation strength of 20%C_4F_7 N-80%N_2 gas mixture is about 1.15 times that of pure SF_6 gas,which shows a better insulation performance than SF_6 gas.
引文
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[19]王凌志,周文俊,张天然,等.C4F7N/CO2混合气体在均匀和极不均匀电场下的工频绝缘性能[J/OL].高电压技术:1-8[2019-01-13].http://doi.org/10.133361j.1003-6520.hve.20181121008.WANG Lingzhi,ZHOU Wenjun,ZHANG Tianran,et al.Power frequency insulation experiments of C4F7N/N2 mixture under uniform and extremely non-uniform electric field[J/OL].High Voltage Engineering:1-8[2019-01-13].http://doi.org/10.133361j.1003-6520.hve.20181121008.
[20]周文俊,郑宇,高克利,等.环保型绝缘气体电气特性研究进展[J].高电压技术,2018,44(10):3114-3124.ZHOU Wenjun,ZHENG Yu,GAO Keli,et al.Progress in researching electrical characteristics of environment-friendly insulating gases[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(10):3114-3124.
[2]CHRISTOPHOROU L G,VAN BRUNTR J.SF6/N2 mixtures basic and HV insulation properties[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1995,2(5):952-1003.
[3]李兴文,邓云坤,姜旭,等.环保气体C4F7N和C5F10O与CO2混合气体的绝缘性能及其应用[J].高电压技术,2017,43(3):708-714.LI Xingwen,DENG Yunkun,JIANG Xu,et al.Insulation performance and application of enviroment-friendly gases mixtures of C4F7N and C5F10O with CO2[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(3):708-714.
[4]KIEFFELY,BIQUEZF.SF6 alternative development for high voltage switchgears[C]∥Proceedings of 2015 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference(EIC2015).Seattle,USA:IEEE,2015:379-383.
[5]TOWNSEND J S.The conductivity produced in gases by the motion of negatively-charged ions[J].Nature,1900,25(1606):27-36.
[6]张刘春.SF6替代c-C4F8及其混合气体的绝缘性能研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007.ZHANG Liuchun.Study on insulation characteristics of c-C4F8 and its gas mixtures substituting SF6[D].Shanghai,China:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2007.
[7]BHALLA M S,CRAGGS J D.Measurement of ionization and attachment coefficients in sulphur hexafluoride in uniform fields[J].Proceedings of the Physical Society,1962,80(1):151-160.
[8]CHRISTOPHOROU L G,OLTHOFF J K.Electron interactions with SF6[J].Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data,2000,29(3):267-330.
[9]RAJU G,DINCER M S.Measurement of ionization and attachment coefficients in SF6 and SF6+N2[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1982,53(12):8562-8567.
[10]XIAO D M,LIU HL,QIN L.Measurement of ionization and attachment coefficients in SF6 and xenon gas mixtures[J].Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,1999,38(8A):875-877.
[11]FRéCHETTE M F.Experimental study of SF6/N2 and SF6/CCl2F2mixtures by the steady-state Townsend method[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1986,59(11):3684-3693.
[12]RAJUG G.Gaseous electronics theory and pratice[M].Taylor&Francis,London,UK:Taylor&Francis Group,2005.
[13]HAYDON S C,WILLIAMS O M.Combined spatial and temporal studies of ionization growth in nitrogen[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1976,9(3):523-536.
[14]王悦.低温环境中SF6/N2混合气体绝缘特性的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2016.WANG Yue.Research on the insulation characteristics of SF6/N2 mixture in low temperature environment[D].Harbin,China:Harbin Institute of Technology,2016.
[15]肖登明,邱毓昌.SF6/N2和SF6/CO2的绝缘特性及其比较[J].高电压技术,1995,21(1):16-18.XIAO Dengming,QIU Yuchang.Insulating properties of SF6/N2 and SF6/CO2 and their comparison[J].High Voltage Engineering,1995,21(1):16-18.
[16]BHALLA M S,CRAGGS J D.Measurement of ionization and attachment coefficients in carbon dioxide in uniform fields[J].Proceedings of the Physical Society,1960,76(3):369-377.
[17]NECHMI H E,BEROUAL A,GIRODET A,et al.Effective ionization coefficients and limiting field strength of fluoronitriles-CO2 mixtures[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2017,24(2):886-892.
[18]张刘春,肖登明,张栋,等.c-C4F8/CF4替代SF6可行性的SST实验分析[J],电工技术学报,2008,23(6):14-18.ZHANG Liuchun,XIAO Dengming,ZHANG Dong,et al.SST Experimental analysis on the feasibility of c-C4F8/CF4 substituting SF6 as insulation medium[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2008,23(6):14-18.
[19]王凌志,周文俊,张天然,等.C4F7N/CO2混合气体在均匀和极不均匀电场下的工频绝缘性能[J/OL].高电压技术:1-8[2019-01-13].http://doi.org/10.133361j.1003-6520.hve.20181121008.WANG Lingzhi,ZHOU Wenjun,ZHANG Tianran,et al.Power frequency insulation experiments of C4F7N/N2 mixture under uniform and extremely non-uniform electric field[J/OL].High Voltage Engineering:1-8[2019-01-13].http://doi.org/10.133361j.1003-6520.hve.20181121008.
[20]周文俊,郑宇,高克利,等.环保型绝缘气体电气特性研究进展[J].高电压技术,2018,44(10):3114-3124.ZHOU Wenjun,ZHENG Yu,GAO Keli,et al.Progress in researching electrical characteristics of environment-friendly insulating gases[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(10):3114-3124.