豫东平原夏玉米病虫害综合化学防控技术研究
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摘要
以‘郑单958’为试材,选用8种药剂,设置10个处理,进行田间试验。结果表明:种子包衣对玉米地下害虫和灰飞虱具有较好的防治效果。31%寡糖·噻·氟虫种子包衣+14%氯虫·高氯氟抽雄期喷施,玉米螟虫防效为90.35%～93.96%,蚜虫防效为91.82%～92.72%,均显著高于单独喷施。抽雄期喷施18.7%丙环·嘧菌酯、75%戊唑·嘧菌酯、75%肟菌·戊唑醇对玉米叶斑病、南方锈病具有较好的防治效果。抽雄期喷药,对小斑病、褐斑病、南方锈病的防效,18.7%丙环·嘧菌酯分别为83.36%、76.51%、78.93%;75%戊唑·嘧菌酯分别为79.25%、75.76%、83.81%;75%肟菌·戊唑醇分别为76.32%、82.83%、74.51%。不同药剂处理均比对照显著增产。31%寡糖·噻·氟虫+14%氯虫·高氯氟+75%戊唑·嘧菌酯比与对照增产21.77%,比31%寡糖·噻·氟虫+14%氯虫·高氯氟增产7.94%,比单独种子包衣增产13.83%,比单独喷洒14%氯虫·高氯氟增产13.45%,比单独喷洒18.7%丙环·嘧菌酯11.54%。因此,豫东平原夏玉米高产栽培,应采取种衣剂包衣和田间喷施杀虫防病农药相结合综合防控病虫害。
'Zhengdan 958'was used as the test material, 8 kinds of chemicals were selected, and 10 treatments were set up to conduct field trials. The results showed that seed coating had good control efficiency on corn underground pests and Laodelphax striatellus. The control effect of corn borer and aphid under 31%oligosaccharide · Thiofenil seed coating + 14% chlorantran · high chlorofluorocarbon sprayed in tasseling stage was 90.35%-93.96% and 91.82%-92.72%, both were significantly higher than that of the drug sprayed separately. Spraying 18.7% of acyclovir ·azoxystrobin, 75% pyrazole · azoxystrobin or 75% oxime bacteria ·tebuconazole had good control effects on corn leaf spot and southern rust. Considering the control effect on small spot disease, brown spot disease and southern rust in the tasseling period, the control efficiency of 18.7%acyclovir · azoxystrobin was 83.36%, 76.51% and 78.93%, respectively; that of 75% pyrazole · azoxystrobin was 79.25%, 75.76% and 83.81% respectively; and that of 75% oxime bacteria · tebuconazole were 76.32%,82.83% and 74.51%, respectively. The yield increased significantly under drug treatments compared with that of the control. The yield increased by 21.77% with 31% oligosaccharide · thiafibrofen + 14% chlorantil · high chlorofluorocarbon + 75% thiazole · azoxystrobin compared with that of the control, and increased by 7.94%with 31% oligosaccharide · thiafibrofen + 14% chlorantil · high chlorofluoride, which was 13.83% higher than that of the single seed coating, and 13.45% higher than that of 14% chlorfen and high chlorofluoride alone, and11.54% higher than that of 18.7% of acyclovir. Therefore, in high-yield cultivation of summer maize in the Eastern Henan Plain, it is necessary to combine seed coating and field spraying of insecticides and diseasepreventing pesticides to comprehensively control pests and diseases.
'Zhengdan 958'was used as the test material, 8 kinds of chemicals were selected, and 10 treatments were set up to conduct field trials. The results showed that seed coating had good control efficiency on corn underground pests and Laodelphax striatellus. The control effect of corn borer and aphid under 31%oligosaccharide · Thiofenil seed coating + 14% chlorantran · high chlorofluorocarbon sprayed in tasseling stage was 90.35%-93.96% and 91.82%-92.72%, both were significantly higher than that of the drug sprayed separately. Spraying 18.7% of acyclovir ·azoxystrobin, 75% pyrazole · azoxystrobin or 75% oxime bacteria ·tebuconazole had good control effects on corn leaf spot and southern rust. Considering the control effect on small spot disease, brown spot disease and southern rust in the tasseling period, the control efficiency of 18.7%acyclovir · azoxystrobin was 83.36%, 76.51% and 78.93%, respectively; that of 75% pyrazole · azoxystrobin was 79.25%, 75.76% and 83.81% respectively; and that of 75% oxime bacteria · tebuconazole were 76.32%,82.83% and 74.51%, respectively. The yield increased significantly under drug treatments compared with that of the control. The yield increased by 21.77% with 31% oligosaccharide · thiafibrofen + 14% chlorantil · high chlorofluorocarbon + 75% thiazole · azoxystrobin compared with that of the control, and increased by 7.94%with 31% oligosaccharide · thiafibrofen + 14% chlorantil · high chlorofluoride, which was 13.83% higher than that of the single seed coating, and 13.45% higher than that of 14% chlorfen and high chlorofluoride alone, and11.54% higher than that of 18.7% of acyclovir. Therefore, in high-yield cultivation of summer maize in the Eastern Henan Plain, it is necessary to combine seed coating and field spraying of insecticides and diseasepreventing pesticides to comprehensively control pests and diseases.
引文
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[18]田体伟,王丽莎,王燕,等.3种新烟碱类种子处理剂对玉米及其主要害虫的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(11):73-78.
[19]刘佳中,孙静,王静,等.不同播期和拌种处理对玉米粗缩病的影响[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(9):101-104.
[20]周淑香,鲁新,王振营,等.对不同世代亚洲玉米螟进行化学防治的效果比较[J].植物保护,2016, 42(4):226-229.
[21]郑广永,孙晓计,李寿义.肟菌·戊唑醇防治玉米叶斑病试验浅析[J].中国植保导刊,2016,32(2):65-66.
[2]董怀玉,王大为,董智,等.辽宁玉米几种病虫害综合防控技术初探[J].辽宁农业科学,2015(4):43-46.
[3]刘翠娜,邢小萍,李洪连,等.化学农药对玉米中后期几种病虫害的田间防治效果[J].河南科学,2014,3(4):527-530.
[4]傅俊范,景殿玺,刘震,等.玉米叶部病害流行动态及预测预警研究进展[J].吉林农业大学学报,2016,38(6):651-655.
[5]王晓鸣,晋齐鸣,石洁,等.玉米病害发生现状与推广品种抗性对未来病害发展的影响[J].植物病理学报,2006,36(1):1-11.
[6]马庆周,马乐乐,张亚龙,等.河南省玉米锈病病原菌的分子检测[J].植物保护学报,2017,44(3):523-524.
[7]韩海亮,王桂跃,苏婷,等.调整玉米播期对浙江省玉米粗缩病的控制作用[J].浙江农业科学,2012(4):542-543.
[8]张超,战斌慧,周雪平.我国玉米病毒病分布及危害[J].植物保护,2017,43(1):1-8.
[9]刘瑞丽.河南省玉米粗缩病病原鉴定与主要防治技术研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2014.
[10]张海艳,赵延明.山东省主要推广品种对玉米粗缩病的抗性鉴定[J].玉米科学,2014,22(2):139-144,149.
[11]刘骏,马青,于凯,等.我国玉米南方锈病发生区域和玉米品种田间抗性的研究[J].作物杂志,2009(3):71-75.
[12]吴秋平,韩成卫,马井玉,等.化学药剂对玉米郑单958粗缩病的防效研究[J].作物杂志,2015(3):155-160.
[13]包来仓.氟虫腈·吡虫啉(35%FS)防治玉米蛴螬效果及最佳用药量[J].河南农业,2016(10上):31-32.
[14]王猛.12%苯醚甲环唑·氟虫腈FS防治玉米丝黑穗病和蛴螬田间药效试验[J].广西植保,2017,30(4):36-38.
[15]刘爱芝,韩松,梁九进.新烟碱类杀虫剂拌种防治介体昆虫控制玉米粗缩病研究[J].华北农学报,2009,24(6):219-222.
[16]武怀恒,万鹏,黄民松,等.200 g/L吡虫啉·氟虫腈FS对玉米灰飞虱和玉米蓟马的防治效果[J].华中昆虫研究,2014:57-60.
[17]郑庆伟.30%噻虫嗪FS 600 ml/100 kg对灰飞虱及玉米粗缩病有较好的防治效果[J].农药市场信息,2017(18/30):51.
[18]田体伟,王丽莎,王燕,等.3种新烟碱类种子处理剂对玉米及其主要害虫的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(11):73-78.
[19]刘佳中,孙静,王静,等.不同播期和拌种处理对玉米粗缩病的影响[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(9):101-104.
[20]周淑香,鲁新,王振营,等.对不同世代亚洲玉米螟进行化学防治的效果比较[J].植物保护,2016, 42(4):226-229.
[21]郑广永,孙晓计,李寿义.肟菌·戊唑醇防治玉米叶斑病试验浅析[J].中国植保导刊,2016,32(2):65-66.