上流双层填料单级自养脱氮反应器启动与运行
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摘要
通过接种亚硝化与厌氧氨氧化污泥,以无机高氨氮(110～130mg/L)废水为对象,研究上流式双层填料反应器的启动与运行.反应器上层与下层分别以沸石和聚氨酯海绵作为填料,启动两种填料高度比分别为2:3和3:2的1号和2号反应器,历时139d成功建立自养脱氮系统.结果表明,1号反应器最高总氮去除率达84.4%, 2号最高总氮去除率达81.8%,总氮去除负荷分别达0.15,0.14kgN/(m~3·d).进水未添加有机碳源时, 2号△NO_3~--N/△NH_4~+-N一直稳定在特征值0.11附近,自养脱氮系统更为稳定.在添加有机碳源情况下,2个反应器总氮去除率都得到提升,△NO_3~--N/△NH_4~+-N也更为稳定.说明一定浓度的有机物能强化系统稳定运行,提高系统脱氮性能.反冲洗稳定后,1号反应器出水NO_3~--N由未反冲洗前的17.61 g/L降低到10 g/L以下,说明适当的反冲洗可以有效恢复反应器运行,反冲洗与NOB抑制手段相结合能更好地维持反应器的长期稳定运行.
The start-up and operation of single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process in upflow double layer filler reactor were successfully established in this study after 139 days. Zeolite and polyurethane foam were used as reactor filler. Synthetic high ammonia nitrogen(110～130 mg/L) wastewater was fed to the reactor. Ratio of filler zeolite and polyurethane foam height in No.1 and No.2 reactor was 2:3 and 3:2, resprctively. The results showed that the total nitrogen removal efficiency of No.1 reactor reached 84.4%, while in the No.2 reactor 81.8%, with a total nitrogen removal load achieved 0.15 and 0.14 kgN/(m~3·d), respectively. Without adding organic matter into influent, compared with No. 1 reactor, △NO_3~--N/△NH_4~+-N of No.2 reactor has been stable around 0.11. The total nitrogen removal efficiency of two reactors both increased with the addition of organic carbon source. It was indicated that appropriate concentration of COD can enhance autotrophic nitrogen removal performance. After backwashing, the NO_3~--N concentration of No. 1 reactor decreased from 17.61 mg/L to below 10 mg/L. It was showed that backwashing can effectively wash out NOB, and the combination of backwashing and other NOB suppression strategies can better maintain the long-term stable operation of single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process.
The start-up and operation of single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process in upflow double layer filler reactor were successfully established in this study after 139 days. Zeolite and polyurethane foam were used as reactor filler. Synthetic high ammonia nitrogen(110～130 mg/L) wastewater was fed to the reactor. Ratio of filler zeolite and polyurethane foam height in No.1 and No.2 reactor was 2:3 and 3:2, resprctively. The results showed that the total nitrogen removal efficiency of No.1 reactor reached 84.4%, while in the No.2 reactor 81.8%, with a total nitrogen removal load achieved 0.15 and 0.14 kgN/(m~3·d), respectively. Without adding organic matter into influent, compared with No. 1 reactor, △NO_3~--N/△NH_4~+-N of No.2 reactor has been stable around 0.11. The total nitrogen removal efficiency of two reactors both increased with the addition of organic carbon source. It was indicated that appropriate concentration of COD can enhance autotrophic nitrogen removal performance. After backwashing, the NO_3~--N concentration of No. 1 reactor decreased from 17.61 mg/L to below 10 mg/L. It was showed that backwashing can effectively wash out NOB, and the combination of backwashing and other NOB suppression strategies can better maintain the long-term stable operation of single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process.
引文
[1]Third K A,Sliekers A O,Kuenen J G,et al.The CANON system(Completely Autotrophic Nitrogen-removal Over Nitrite)under ammonium limitation:interaction and competition between three groups of bacteria[J].Systematic&Applied Microbiology,2001,24(4):588-596.
[2]Lackner S,Gilbert E M,Vlaeminck S E,et al.Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences--an application survey[J].Water Research,2014,55(10):292-303.
[3]Arriagada C,Guzmán-Fierro V,Giustinianovich E,et al.NOB suppression and adaptation strategies in the partial nitrification-Anammox process for a poultry manure anaerobic digester[J].Process Biochemistry,2017,58:258-265.
[4]Vázquezpadín J R,Pozo M J,Jarpa M,et al.Treatment of anaerobic sludge digester effluents by the CANON process in an air pulsing SBR[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,166(1):336-341.
[5]Zhang F Z,Peng Y,Miao L,et al.A novel simultaneous partial nitrification Anammox and denitrification(SNAD)with intermittent aeration for cost-effective nitrogen removal from mature landfill leachate[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,313:619-628.
[6]Azari M,Walter U,Rekers V,et al.More than a decade of experience of landfill leachate treatment with a full-scale anammox plant combining activated sludge and activated carbon biofilm[J].Chemosphere,2017,174:117.
[7]Strous M,Heijnen J J,Kuenen J G,et al.The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms[J].Applied Microbiology&Biotechnology,1998,50(5):589-596.
[8]杨庆,周桐,刘秀红,等.常温下接种回流污泥实现BAF一体化自养脱氮工艺[J].化工学报,2017,68(5):2081-2088.
[9]付昆明,张杰,曹相生,等.改性聚乙烯填料CANON反应器的启动与运行[J].化工学报,2014,65(11):4406-4412.
[10]李辉,陈金辉,方正.曝气生物滤池填料的研究进展[J].现代化工,2013,33(12):24-27.
[11]Wang S B,Peng Y L.Natural zeolites as effective adsorbents in water and wastewater treatment[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2010,156(1):11-24.
[12]Yapsakli K,Aktan C K,Mertoglu B.Anammox-zeolite system acting as buffer to achieve stable effluent nitrogen values[J].Biodegradation,2016,28(1):1-11.
[13]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[14]Gonzalez-Martinez A,Rodriguez-Sanchez A,Garcia-Ruiz M J,et al.Performance and bacterial community dynamics of a CANON bioreactor acclimated from high to low operational temperatures[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,287:557-567.
[15]Wang Y,Wang Y,Wei Y,et al.In-situ restoring nitrogen removal for the combined partial nitritation-anammox process deteriorated by nitrate build-up[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2015,98:127-136.
[16]Abeling U,Seyfried C F.Anaerobic-aerobic treatment of high-strength ammonium wastewater-nitrogen removal via nitrite[J].Water Science&Technology,1992,26(5/6):1007-1015.
[17]Hellinga C,Schellen A A J C,Mulder J W,et al.The sharon process:An innovative method for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich waste water[J].Water Science&Technology,1998,37(9):135-142.
[18]李亚峰,金蒙蒙,魏春飞.利用间歇曝气实现短程硝化的影响因素[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2013,29(6):1104-1108.
[19]Anthonisen A C,Loehr R C,Prakasam T B,et al.Inhibition of nitrification by ammonia and nitrous acid[J].Journal Water Pollution Contral Federation,1976,48(5):835-852.
[20]刘竹寒,岳秀,于广平,等.CANON在SBAF中的快速启动及其微生物特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(1):253-259.
[21]胡石,甘一萍,张树军,等.一体化全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺的效能及污泥特性[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(1):111-117.
[22]齐桂满,王小龙,高大文.不同污泥接种方式一段式自养脱氮工艺的启动特征[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(1):154-161.
[23]付昆明,张杰,曹相生,等.好氧条件下CANON工艺的启动研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(6):1689-1694.
[24]李祥,黄勇,朱莉,等.基于竖流式一体化反应器实现自养生物脱氮研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(6):1471-1477.
[25]Daverey A,Su S H,Huang Y T,et al.Partial nitrification and anammox process:a method for high strength optoelectronic industrial wastewater treatment[J].Water Research,2013,47(9):2929-2937.
[26]任宏洋,张代钧,丛丽影.EGSB反应器中实现完全自营养脱氮与运行优化[J].环境科学,2009,30(5):1454-1460.
[27]Misaelides P.Application of natural zeolites in environmental remediation:A short review[J].Microporous&Mesoporous Materials,2011,144(1):15-18.
[28]Zhang X,Li D,Liang Y,et al.Performance and microbial community of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite(CANON)process in two membrane bioreactors(MBR)fed with different substrate levels[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,152(1):185-191.
[29]李冬,赵世勋,关宏伟,等.常温低氨氮CANON工艺稳定性研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(1):102-107.
[2]Lackner S,Gilbert E M,Vlaeminck S E,et al.Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences--an application survey[J].Water Research,2014,55(10):292-303.
[3]Arriagada C,Guzmán-Fierro V,Giustinianovich E,et al.NOB suppression and adaptation strategies in the partial nitrification-Anammox process for a poultry manure anaerobic digester[J].Process Biochemistry,2017,58:258-265.
[4]Vázquezpadín J R,Pozo M J,Jarpa M,et al.Treatment of anaerobic sludge digester effluents by the CANON process in an air pulsing SBR[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,166(1):336-341.
[5]Zhang F Z,Peng Y,Miao L,et al.A novel simultaneous partial nitrification Anammox and denitrification(SNAD)with intermittent aeration for cost-effective nitrogen removal from mature landfill leachate[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,313:619-628.
[6]Azari M,Walter U,Rekers V,et al.More than a decade of experience of landfill leachate treatment with a full-scale anammox plant combining activated sludge and activated carbon biofilm[J].Chemosphere,2017,174:117.
[7]Strous M,Heijnen J J,Kuenen J G,et al.The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms[J].Applied Microbiology&Biotechnology,1998,50(5):589-596.
[8]杨庆,周桐,刘秀红,等.常温下接种回流污泥实现BAF一体化自养脱氮工艺[J].化工学报,2017,68(5):2081-2088.
[9]付昆明,张杰,曹相生,等.改性聚乙烯填料CANON反应器的启动与运行[J].化工学报,2014,65(11):4406-4412.
[10]李辉,陈金辉,方正.曝气生物滤池填料的研究进展[J].现代化工,2013,33(12):24-27.
[11]Wang S B,Peng Y L.Natural zeolites as effective adsorbents in water and wastewater treatment[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2010,156(1):11-24.
[12]Yapsakli K,Aktan C K,Mertoglu B.Anammox-zeolite system acting as buffer to achieve stable effluent nitrogen values[J].Biodegradation,2016,28(1):1-11.
[13]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[14]Gonzalez-Martinez A,Rodriguez-Sanchez A,Garcia-Ruiz M J,et al.Performance and bacterial community dynamics of a CANON bioreactor acclimated from high to low operational temperatures[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,287:557-567.
[15]Wang Y,Wang Y,Wei Y,et al.In-situ restoring nitrogen removal for the combined partial nitritation-anammox process deteriorated by nitrate build-up[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2015,98:127-136.
[16]Abeling U,Seyfried C F.Anaerobic-aerobic treatment of high-strength ammonium wastewater-nitrogen removal via nitrite[J].Water Science&Technology,1992,26(5/6):1007-1015.
[17]Hellinga C,Schellen A A J C,Mulder J W,et al.The sharon process:An innovative method for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich waste water[J].Water Science&Technology,1998,37(9):135-142.
[18]李亚峰,金蒙蒙,魏春飞.利用间歇曝气实现短程硝化的影响因素[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2013,29(6):1104-1108.
[19]Anthonisen A C,Loehr R C,Prakasam T B,et al.Inhibition of nitrification by ammonia and nitrous acid[J].Journal Water Pollution Contral Federation,1976,48(5):835-852.
[20]刘竹寒,岳秀,于广平,等.CANON在SBAF中的快速启动及其微生物特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(1):253-259.
[21]胡石,甘一萍,张树军,等.一体化全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺的效能及污泥特性[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(1):111-117.
[22]齐桂满,王小龙,高大文.不同污泥接种方式一段式自养脱氮工艺的启动特征[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(1):154-161.
[23]付昆明,张杰,曹相生,等.好氧条件下CANON工艺的启动研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(6):1689-1694.
[24]李祥,黄勇,朱莉,等.基于竖流式一体化反应器实现自养生物脱氮研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(6):1471-1477.
[25]Daverey A,Su S H,Huang Y T,et al.Partial nitrification and anammox process:a method for high strength optoelectronic industrial wastewater treatment[J].Water Research,2013,47(9):2929-2937.
[26]任宏洋,张代钧,丛丽影.EGSB反应器中实现完全自营养脱氮与运行优化[J].环境科学,2009,30(5):1454-1460.
[27]Misaelides P.Application of natural zeolites in environmental remediation:A short review[J].Microporous&Mesoporous Materials,2011,144(1):15-18.
[28]Zhang X,Li D,Liang Y,et al.Performance and microbial community of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite(CANON)process in two membrane bioreactors(MBR)fed with different substrate levels[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,152(1):185-191.
[29]李冬,赵世勋,关宏伟,等.常温低氨氮CANON工艺稳定性研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(1):102-107.
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