有色烟羽分析及可凝结颗粒物管控技术综述
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摘要
通过对有色烟羽相关概念的探讨,揭示白烟与蓝烟主要组分间的差异,并重点分析蓝烟的主要组分可凝结颗粒物的特性。基于凝结核活化、增长和碰并沉降的自然机理,提出一种新的可凝结颗粒物去除技术,即云除技术。热力锅炉和电厂的实验测试表明,该云除技术能够有效地去除锅炉排放中的可凝结颗粒物,平均去除率接近70%。该技术对于重金属具有协同去除效应,其中对于重金属汞的去除率可达50%左右。对有色烟羽概念的探讨有助于更为清晰明确地认识和理解可凝结颗粒物,云除技术为电厂、钢厂和热力锅炉等多个行业可凝结颗粒物的管控提供了新的治理手段。
This study examines the differences of main components between white and blue plumes based on the discussions of colored plume from the view of its formation. It also analyzes in-depth the characteristics of condensable particulate matter, which is the major component of colored plume. Moreover, a new technology for CPM control is proposed based on the natural mechanisms for formation, development and dissipitation of clouds and fogs, which is called cloud-scavenging technology. Further evaluation studies show that the cloud-scavenging technique can efficiently control the CPM, with the average removal efficiency near 70%. The study shows that the cloud-scavenging technique can even remove the heavy metals simultaneously. For example, it can remove the mercury in the smog with an efficiency of around 50%. This study can help people better understand the directly emitted particulate matter, and the new cloud-scavenging technique developed here provides a new method for CPM control in various fields such as fire plants, steel pants, and heating boilers.
This study examines the differences of main components between white and blue plumes based on the discussions of colored plume from the view of its formation. It also analyzes in-depth the characteristics of condensable particulate matter, which is the major component of colored plume. Moreover, a new technology for CPM control is proposed based on the natural mechanisms for formation, development and dissipitation of clouds and fogs, which is called cloud-scavenging technology. Further evaluation studies show that the cloud-scavenging technique can efficiently control the CPM, with the average removal efficiency near 70%. The study shows that the cloud-scavenging technique can even remove the heavy metals simultaneously. For example, it can remove the mercury in the smog with an efficiency of around 50%. This study can help people better understand the directly emitted particulate matter, and the new cloud-scavenging technique developed here provides a new method for CPM control in various fields such as fire plants, steel pants, and heating boilers.
引文
[1] 发展改革委,环境保护部,能源局.煤电节能减排升级与改造行动计划(2014—2020年):发改能源[2014]2093号[A/OL].[2019-01-15].http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2015/content_2818468.htm.
[2] 全国人民代表大会常务委员会.中华人民共和国大气污染防治法[A/OL].[2019-01-15].http://www.npc.gov.cn/wxzl/gongbao/2015-11/10/content_1951879.htm.
[3] 朱法华.《火电厂污染防治可行技术指南》(HJ 2301—2017)解读[J].环境影响评价,2018,40(2):1- 4,16.
[4] 孔少飞.大气污染源排放颗粒物组成、有害组分风险评价及清单构建研究[D].天津:南开大学,2012.
[5] 杨爱勇.燃煤电厂湿烟羽“大白烟”机理及治理方法研究[R/OL].[2019-01-15].http://huanbao.Bjx.Com.cn/tech/20171222/158183.shtml.
[6] US EPA.Method 202:Determination of condensable particulate matters from stationary source[S].USA:United States Environmental Protection Agency,1983.
[7] 胡月琪,邬晓东,王琛,等.北京市典型燃烧源颗粒物排放水平与特征测试[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1653- 1661.
[8] 裴冰.燃煤电厂可凝结颗粒物的测试与排放[J].环境科学,2015,36(5):1544- 1549.
[9] 贺克斌,杨复沫,段凤魁,等.大气颗粒物与区域复合污染[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[10] Zhang R,Wang G,Guo S,et al.Formation of urban fine particulate matter[J].Chemical Reviews,2015,115(10):3803- 3855.
[11] Yang X,Zhao C,Guo J,et al.Intensification of aerosol pollution associated with its feedback with surface solar radiation and winds in Beijing[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2016,121(8):4093- 4099.
[12] Feng Y,Li Y,Cui L.Critical review of condensable particulate matter[J].Fuel,2018,224:801- 813.
[2] 全国人民代表大会常务委员会.中华人民共和国大气污染防治法[A/OL].[2019-01-15].http://www.npc.gov.cn/wxzl/gongbao/2015-11/10/content_1951879.htm.
[3] 朱法华.《火电厂污染防治可行技术指南》(HJ 2301—2017)解读[J].环境影响评价,2018,40(2):1- 4,16.
[4] 孔少飞.大气污染源排放颗粒物组成、有害组分风险评价及清单构建研究[D].天津:南开大学,2012.
[5] 杨爱勇.燃煤电厂湿烟羽“大白烟”机理及治理方法研究[R/OL].[2019-01-15].http://huanbao.Bjx.Com.cn/tech/20171222/158183.shtml.
[6] US EPA.Method 202:Determination of condensable particulate matters from stationary source[S].USA:United States Environmental Protection Agency,1983.
[7] 胡月琪,邬晓东,王琛,等.北京市典型燃烧源颗粒物排放水平与特征测试[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1653- 1661.
[8] 裴冰.燃煤电厂可凝结颗粒物的测试与排放[J].环境科学,2015,36(5):1544- 1549.
[9] 贺克斌,杨复沫,段凤魁,等.大气颗粒物与区域复合污染[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[10] Zhang R,Wang G,Guo S,et al.Formation of urban fine particulate matter[J].Chemical Reviews,2015,115(10):3803- 3855.
[11] Yang X,Zhao C,Guo J,et al.Intensification of aerosol pollution associated with its feedback with surface solar radiation and winds in Beijing[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2016,121(8):4093- 4099.
[12] Feng Y,Li Y,Cui L.Critical review of condensable particulate matter[J].Fuel,2018,224:801- 813.