基于ICESat/GLAS数据的可可西里地区湖泊水位变化研究
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摘要
[目的]湖泊水位数据是湖泊水量平衡的重要指标,也是湖泊溃决模拟研究的重要参数,通过研究,获得可可西里地区主要湖泊水位数据及其变化过程,对认识藏北地区水资源变化及突发湖泊溃决洪水具有重要意义。[方法]以文献资料、湖泊矢量数据、2003—2009年ICESat/GLAS卫星测高数据为基础获得1993—2009年可可西里地区主要湖泊水位数据,并结合气象等数据对湖泊水位变化原因进行了分析。[结果](1) 1993—2009年可可西里地区湖泊水位整体上呈上升趋势,水位下降的湖泊数量较少,但呈现出一定的区域差异,其中错尼湖泊水位上升了24. 68m,银波湖下降了6. 16m;有7个湖泊水位波动幅度在10～15m之间,应该引起人们重点关注。(2)可可西里地区湖泊水位动态变化主要与气候变化有关,其中降水增加(或减少)和湖面蒸发减少(或增加)是导致湖泊水位上升(或下降)的决定性因素,而气候变暖引起的冰川融水增加、冻土水分释放以及区内地下水补给形式可能是次要原因。[结论]利用卫星遥测技术对大范围无人区湖泊水位信息提取优势明显,数据时间序列较短是其瓶颈。可可西里地区湖泊数量众多,湖泊水资源调查和水安全评估应予以重视。
Lake level data is an essential indicator for calculating lake water balance,and is also a significant parameter for lake break simulation research. Obtaining the data of the main lake water level and its changing process in the Hoh Xil area are of great significance to the assessment of water resources and flood disaster monitoring in the local and even the whole country. Literature investigation,lake vector data and ICESat/GLAS satellite altimetry data from 2003 to 2009 were used to extract lake level data of major lakes in the Hoh Xil region from1993 to 2009 combining with the meteorological and other data were also integrated to analyze causes of lake level variation. The results showed that( 1) On the whole,from 1993 to 2009,the lake level in the Hoh Xil region presented a rising tendency,and less numbers of lakes declined the water level,however it also showed certain regional difference.CoNyi Lake expanded by 24. 68 m,and Yinbo Lake dropped 6. 16 m in water level; water level of 7 lakes fluctuated in the range of 10 ～ 15 m,which should been seriously noticed.( 2) The dynamic change of lake water level in the Hoh Xil area was mainly related to climate change. Increased( or reduced) precipitation and reduced( or increased) evaporation of the lake were the decisive factors that caused to rise( or descend) of lake water level. And the secondary factors were the increase in frozen soil due to climate warming,melt water from glaciers and groundwater recharge form in the region. The using of satellite remote sensing technology for extracting lake water level information in large-area uninhabited areas has obvious advantages,but which has bottleneck of shorter time series of data is its bottleneck. Large number of lakes distribute in the Hoh Xil area,so lake water resources surveys and water safety assessments should be taken seriously.
Lake level data is an essential indicator for calculating lake water balance,and is also a significant parameter for lake break simulation research. Obtaining the data of the main lake water level and its changing process in the Hoh Xil area are of great significance to the assessment of water resources and flood disaster monitoring in the local and even the whole country. Literature investigation,lake vector data and ICESat/GLAS satellite altimetry data from 2003 to 2009 were used to extract lake level data of major lakes in the Hoh Xil region from1993 to 2009 combining with the meteorological and other data were also integrated to analyze causes of lake level variation. The results showed that( 1) On the whole,from 1993 to 2009,the lake level in the Hoh Xil region presented a rising tendency,and less numbers of lakes declined the water level,however it also showed certain regional difference.CoNyi Lake expanded by 24. 68 m,and Yinbo Lake dropped 6. 16 m in water level; water level of 7 lakes fluctuated in the range of 10 ～ 15 m,which should been seriously noticed.( 2) The dynamic change of lake water level in the Hoh Xil area was mainly related to climate change. Increased( or reduced) precipitation and reduced( or increased) evaporation of the lake were the decisive factors that caused to rise( or descend) of lake water level. And the secondary factors were the increase in frozen soil due to climate warming,melt water from glaciers and groundwater recharge form in the region. The using of satellite remote sensing technology for extracting lake water level information in large-area uninhabited areas has obvious advantages,but which has bottleneck of shorter time series of data is its bottleneck. Large number of lakes distribute in the Hoh Xil area,so lake water resources surveys and water safety assessments should be taken seriously.
引文
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[16]姚晓军,刘时银,李龙,等.近40年可可西里地区湖泊时空变化特征.地理学报,2013,07:886-896.
[17]姚晓军,刘时银,孙美平,等.可可西里地区库赛湖变化及湖水外溢成因.地理学报,2012,05:689-698.
[18]田庆春,杨太保,石培宏,等.可可西里地区0. 9Ma以来气候演变特征研究.干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(6):103-109.
[19] George B S,Kang A,Hashi T D,et al. A winter wildlife survey in the northern Qiangtang of Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province,China. Acta Theriologica Sinica,2007,27(4):309-316.
[20]李炳元.青海可可西里地区自然环境.北京:科学出版社,1996.
[21]王苏民,窦鸿身.中国湖泊志.北京:科学出版社,1998. 398-502.
[22]王志杰,李畅游,贾克力,等.呼伦湖水面蒸发量计算及变化特征分析.干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(3):88-95.
[23]邢宇,孙永军,李文庆,等.青藏高原湖泊与气候变化的GRA空间响应.干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(3):158-163.
[24]李均力,盛永伟,骆剑承,等.青藏高原内陆湖泊变化的遥感制图.湖泊科学,2011,23(3):311-320.
[25]赵元艺,赵希涛,郑绵平,等.西藏班戈错近50年来的湖面变化.地质学报,2006,80(6):876-884.
[26]施雅风.简明中国冰川目录.上海:上海科学普及出版社,2005:54-100.
[27]刘时银,姚晓军,郭万钦,等.基于第二次冰川编目的中国冰川现状.地理学报,2015,70(1):3-36.
[28]赵林,程国栋,李述训,等.青藏高原伍道梁附近多年冻土活动层冻结和融化过程.科学通报,2000,45(11):1205-1211.
[29]姚檀栋.青藏高原中部冰冻圈动态特征.北京:地质出版社,2002:199-206.
[30] Yao Xiaojun,Li Long,Zhao Jun,et al. Spatial-temporal variations of lake ice phenology in the Hoh Xil region from 2000 to 2011. Journal of Geographical Sciences,2016,26(1):70-82.
[2]杜俊平,陈年来,叶得明.干旱区水资源与区域经济协调发展时空特征研究———以河西走廊为例.中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(4):161-169.
[3]丁永建,刘时银,叶柏生,等.近50a中国寒区与旱区湖泊变化的气候因素分析.冰川冻土,2006,28(5):623-632.
[4]鲁安新,姚檀栋,王丽红,等.青藏高原典型冰川和湖泊变化遥感研究.冰川冻土,2005,27(6):783-792.
[5]李兆华,卢进登,马清欣,等.湖泊水上农业试验研究.中国农业资源与区划,2007(2):34-37.
[6] Ma R,Yang G,Duan H,et al. China's lakes at present:number,area and spatial distribution. Science China Earth Sciences,2011,54(2):283-289.
[7]李林,陈晓光,王振宇,等.青藏高原区域气候变化及其差异性研究.气候变化研究进展,2010,03:181-186.
[8] Vu Hien Phan,Roderik Lindenbergh,Massimo Menenti. ICESat derived elevation changes of Tibetan lakes between 2003 and 2009. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2012,17(2012):12-22.
[9] Li Long,Li Jing,Yao Xiaojun,et al. Changes of the three holy lakes in recent years and quanti-tative analysis of the influencing factors.Quaternary International,2014,349(2014):339-345.
[10] Immerzeel,W. W.,Van Beek,L. P. H.,Bierkens,M. F. P. Climate change will affect the Asian water towers. Science,2010,328,1382-1385.
[11] Zhang Guoqing,Xie Hongjie,Kang Shichang,et al. Monitoring lake level changes on the Tibetan Plateau using ICESat altimetry data(2003-2009). Remote Sensing of Environment,2011,115(2011):1733-1742.
[12] Wang Xianwei,Gong Peng,Zhao Yuanyuan,et al. Water-level changes in China's large lakes determined from ICESat/GLAS data. Remote Sensing of Environment,2013,132(2013):131-144.
[13] Zhang Guoqing,Xie Hongjie,Yao Tandong,et al. Water balance estimates of tengreatest lakes in China using ICESatand Landsat data. Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(31):3815-3829.
[14] Krause P,Biskop S,Helmschrot J,et al,T. Integratedsystem analysis and modelling of Nam Co Basin. Adv. Geosci,2010,27:29-36.
[15] KropáekJan,Braun Andreas,Kang Shichang,et al. Analysis of lake level changes in Nam Co in central Tibet utilizing synergistic satellite altimetry and optical imagery. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2012,17(2012):3,2010. 11.
[16]姚晓军,刘时银,李龙,等.近40年可可西里地区湖泊时空变化特征.地理学报,2013,07:886-896.
[17]姚晓军,刘时银,孙美平,等.可可西里地区库赛湖变化及湖水外溢成因.地理学报,2012,05:689-698.
[18]田庆春,杨太保,石培宏,等.可可西里地区0. 9Ma以来气候演变特征研究.干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(6):103-109.
[19] George B S,Kang A,Hashi T D,et al. A winter wildlife survey in the northern Qiangtang of Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province,China. Acta Theriologica Sinica,2007,27(4):309-316.
[20]李炳元.青海可可西里地区自然环境.北京:科学出版社,1996.
[21]王苏民,窦鸿身.中国湖泊志.北京:科学出版社,1998. 398-502.
[22]王志杰,李畅游,贾克力,等.呼伦湖水面蒸发量计算及变化特征分析.干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(3):88-95.
[23]邢宇,孙永军,李文庆,等.青藏高原湖泊与气候变化的GRA空间响应.干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(3):158-163.
[24]李均力,盛永伟,骆剑承,等.青藏高原内陆湖泊变化的遥感制图.湖泊科学,2011,23(3):311-320.
[25]赵元艺,赵希涛,郑绵平,等.西藏班戈错近50年来的湖面变化.地质学报,2006,80(6):876-884.
[26]施雅风.简明中国冰川目录.上海:上海科学普及出版社,2005:54-100.
[27]刘时银,姚晓军,郭万钦,等.基于第二次冰川编目的中国冰川现状.地理学报,2015,70(1):3-36.
[28]赵林,程国栋,李述训,等.青藏高原伍道梁附近多年冻土活动层冻结和融化过程.科学通报,2000,45(11):1205-1211.
[29]姚檀栋.青藏高原中部冰冻圈动态特征.北京:地质出版社,2002:199-206.
[30] Yao Xiaojun,Li Long,Zhao Jun,et al. Spatial-temporal variations of lake ice phenology in the Hoh Xil region from 2000 to 2011. Journal of Geographical Sciences,2016,26(1):70-82.