多目标多主体视角下的上海郊野公园规划建设思考
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摘要
上海当前处于城市生态网络建设的关键时期。上海郊野公园建设既是城市生态节点保护与发展的示范区,也是"土地整治+"模式的先行者,对城市规划理论与实践的探索具有重要意义。从郊野公园的多目标体系与多主体需求的特征出发,通过简要梳理5年来的规划实施历程,分析了当前郊野公园发展目标之间的协同与冲突关系,以及不同利益相关主体在实践中的地位与作用,寻找制约郊野公园深入发展的主要障碍,并指出平衡妥协多种目标、明晰多方利益相关者的权责与协作方式,是未来上海郊野公园由量及质、由普通公园向特色多维度公共空间进行转化的关键。
hanghai is currently in a critical period for the building of the urban ecological network. The planning and implementation of Shanghai country parks are not only demonstration areas for the protection and development of urban ecological nodes, but also the pioneers of the "land improvement plus model", which is of great significance for the exploration of the theory and practice of urban planning in Shanghai. This paper is based on the multi-target and multi-stakeholder characteristics of the country parks. Through the reviews on the planning practices in the past five years, the current coordination and conflicts between different development goals of the country parks are analyzed, as well as the roles of multiple related stakeholders in the planning practices, in order to find out the main obstacles which constrain the further development of the country parks. The result states that the key development approach of Shanghai country parks is to find the balance between multiple targets and to clarify the responsibilities and cooperation between multiple stakeholders, so as to initiate the transformation from ordinary parks to multi-dimensional public spaces.
hanghai is currently in a critical period for the building of the urban ecological network. The planning and implementation of Shanghai country parks are not only demonstration areas for the protection and development of urban ecological nodes, but also the pioneers of the "land improvement plus model", which is of great significance for the exploration of the theory and practice of urban planning in Shanghai. This paper is based on the multi-target and multi-stakeholder characteristics of the country parks. Through the reviews on the planning practices in the past five years, the current coordination and conflicts between different development goals of the country parks are analyzed, as well as the roles of multiple related stakeholders in the planning practices, in order to find out the main obstacles which constrain the further development of the country parks. The result states that the key development approach of Shanghai country parks is to find the balance between multiple targets and to clarify the responsibilities and cooperation between multiple stakeholders, so as to initiate the transformation from ordinary parks to multi-dimensional public spaces.
引文
[1]赵燕菁.城市化2.0与规划转型——一个两阶段模型的解释[J].城市规划,2017,41(3):84-93,116.ZHAO Yanjing.Urbanization 2.0 and transition of planning explanation based on a two-phase model[J].City Planning Review,2017,41(3):84-93,116.
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[8]郊野公园规划项目组.落实生态文明建设,探索郊野公园规划——以上海试点郊野公园规划为例[J].上海城市规划,2013(5):51-61.The Country Park Planning Project Group.Implement progress of ecology civilization,explore planning of country park:a case study of country park plan of Shanghai[J].Shanghai Urban Planning Review,2013(5):51-61.
[9]李潇.德国“区域公园”战略实践及其启示——一种弹性区域管治工具[J].规划师,2014,30(5):120-126.LI Xiao.Regional park in Germany:a resilient regional governance tool[J].Planners,2014,30(5):120-126.
[10]YANG G,GE Y,XUE H,et al.Using ecosystem service bundles to detect trade-offs and synergies across urban–rural complexes[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2015(136):110-121.
[11]王夏娴.农业地区生态建设的郊野公园规划方法——以青西郊野公园为例[J].管理观察,2014(19):35-38.WANG Xiaxian.The planning methods of country park in the ecological construction of agricultural district[J].Management Observer,2014(19):35-38.
[12]王夏娴.村庄风貌同质性改善方法初探——以青西郊野单元建设为例[C]//2014中国城市规划年会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.WANG Xiaxian.Priliminary study on the improvement methods of the homogeneity of village features:the case study of Qingxi Country Park[C]//Proceedings of Annual National Planning Conference 2014.Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2014.
[13]孙瑶,马航,宋聚生.深圳、香港郊野公园开发策略比较研究[J].风景园林,2015(7):118-124.SUN Yao,MA Hang,SONG Jusheng.A comparative study on the development strategies of Shenzhen and Hong Kong country parks[J].Landscape Architecture,2015(7):118-124.
[14]WEI L.Multi-functionality of urban green space:an analytical framework and the case study of greenbelt in Frankfurt am Main,Germany[D].Darmstadt:Technische Universit?t,2017.
[15]ROBINSON K J,王洪辉.探索中的德国鲁尔区城市生态系统:实施战略[J].国外城市规划,2003(6):3-25.ROBINSON K J,WANG Honghui.Exploring urban ecosystems in the Ruhr Region of Germany:implementation strategies[J].Urban Planning International,2003(6):3-25.
[16]冯春萍.德国鲁尔工业区持续发展的成功经验[J].石油化工技术经济,2003(2):47-52.FENG Chunping.The experiences of the success of the development of Ruhr Industry District,Germany[J].Technology&Economics in Petrochemicals,2003(2):47-52.
[17]宋瑞.生态旅游:多目标多主体的共生[D].北京:中国社会科学院,2003.SONG Rui.Ecotourism:symbiosis of multiple objectives and stakeholders[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,2003.
[18]尹玉芳.我国郊野公园发展研究综述[J].中国名城,2017(3):52-58.YIN Yufang.Review of the researches on the development of Chinese country parks[J].China Ancient City,2017(3):52-58.
[19]张玉鑫.快速城镇化背景下大都市生态空间规划创新探索[J].上海城市规划,2013(5):7-10.ZHANG Yuxin.Ecological spatial planning in light of rapid urbanization:innovation and implementation[J].Shanghai Urban Planning Review,2013(5):7-10.
[20]刘传安,齐童,李雪莹,等.北京郊野公园游憩动机研究[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,37(1):83-88.LIU Chuan’an,QI Tong,LI Xueying,et al.The research on recreation motivation of Beijing country park[J].Journal of Capital Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2016,37(1):83-88.
[21]许东新,薛建辉.上海市郊野公园发展策略研究[J].林业资源管理,2008(5):41-44,68.XU Dongxin,XUE Jianhui.Study on development strategy for country parks in Shanghai[J].Forest Resources Management,2008(5):41-44,68.
[22]石崧,凌莉,乐芸.香港郊野公园规划建设经验借鉴及启示[J].上海城市规划,2013(5):62-68.SHI Song,LING Li,LE Yun.The experience and enlightenment of Hong Kong country parks planning and construction[J].Shanghai Urban Planning Review,2013(5):62-68.
(1)数据来自上海市规划和国土资源管理局网站公开信息,http://www.shgtj.gov.cn/gtzyzw/ldft/201706/t20170630_725787.html。
(2)数据信息根据大众点评网相关内容整理,https://www.dianping.com/search/keyword/1/0_郊野公园。
(3)同(2)。
[2]殷玮.上海郊野公园单元规划编制方法初探[J].上海城市规划,2013(5):29-33.YIN Wei.Preliminary exploration of Shanghai country park unit planning[J].Shanghai Urban Planning Review,2013(5):29-33.
[3]骆映心,酒江涛,赵飒,等.我国城市郊野公园建设探讨[J].西南林业大学学报(社会科学),2017,1(6):88-93.LUO Yingxin,JIU Jiangtao,ZHAO Sa,et al.Construction situation and revelation of urban country parks in China[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry University(Social Science),2017,1(6):88-93.
[4]姚恩民,田国行.国内外郊野公园规划案例比较及展望[J].城市观察,2016(1):125-134.YAO Enmin,TIAN Guoxing.Comparison and prospect of country park planning cases[J].Urban Insight,2016(1):125-134.
[5]马震陆.让上海郊野公园回归生态本位[J].上海国土资源,2015,36(2):33-35,54.MA Zhenlu.Ecological standards in Shanghai country park[J].Shanghai Land&Resources,2015,36(2):33-35,54.
[6]吴沅箐.上海市郊野单元规划模式划分及比较研究[J].上海国土资源,2015,36(2):28-32.WU Yuanjing.Country unit planning in the context of new-type urbanization:a case study of Xinbang Town,Songjiang District,Shanghai[J].Shanghai Land&Resources,2015,36(2):28-32.
[7]周向频,周爱菊.上海城市郊野公园的发展与规划对策[J].上海城市规划,2011(5):52-59.ZHOU Xiangpin,ZHOU Aiju.Development of Shanghai’s country parks and planning strategies[J].Shanghai Urban Planning Review,2011(5):52-59.
[8]郊野公园规划项目组.落实生态文明建设,探索郊野公园规划——以上海试点郊野公园规划为例[J].上海城市规划,2013(5):51-61.The Country Park Planning Project Group.Implement progress of ecology civilization,explore planning of country park:a case study of country park plan of Shanghai[J].Shanghai Urban Planning Review,2013(5):51-61.
[9]李潇.德国“区域公园”战略实践及其启示——一种弹性区域管治工具[J].规划师,2014,30(5):120-126.LI Xiao.Regional park in Germany:a resilient regional governance tool[J].Planners,2014,30(5):120-126.
[10]YANG G,GE Y,XUE H,et al.Using ecosystem service bundles to detect trade-offs and synergies across urban–rural complexes[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2015(136):110-121.
[11]王夏娴.农业地区生态建设的郊野公园规划方法——以青西郊野公园为例[J].管理观察,2014(19):35-38.WANG Xiaxian.The planning methods of country park in the ecological construction of agricultural district[J].Management Observer,2014(19):35-38.
[12]王夏娴.村庄风貌同质性改善方法初探——以青西郊野单元建设为例[C]//2014中国城市规划年会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.WANG Xiaxian.Priliminary study on the improvement methods of the homogeneity of village features:the case study of Qingxi Country Park[C]//Proceedings of Annual National Planning Conference 2014.Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2014.
[13]孙瑶,马航,宋聚生.深圳、香港郊野公园开发策略比较研究[J].风景园林,2015(7):118-124.SUN Yao,MA Hang,SONG Jusheng.A comparative study on the development strategies of Shenzhen and Hong Kong country parks[J].Landscape Architecture,2015(7):118-124.
[14]WEI L.Multi-functionality of urban green space:an analytical framework and the case study of greenbelt in Frankfurt am Main,Germany[D].Darmstadt:Technische Universit?t,2017.
[15]ROBINSON K J,王洪辉.探索中的德国鲁尔区城市生态系统:实施战略[J].国外城市规划,2003(6):3-25.ROBINSON K J,WANG Honghui.Exploring urban ecosystems in the Ruhr Region of Germany:implementation strategies[J].Urban Planning International,2003(6):3-25.
[16]冯春萍.德国鲁尔工业区持续发展的成功经验[J].石油化工技术经济,2003(2):47-52.FENG Chunping.The experiences of the success of the development of Ruhr Industry District,Germany[J].Technology&Economics in Petrochemicals,2003(2):47-52.
[17]宋瑞.生态旅游:多目标多主体的共生[D].北京:中国社会科学院,2003.SONG Rui.Ecotourism:symbiosis of multiple objectives and stakeholders[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,2003.
[18]尹玉芳.我国郊野公园发展研究综述[J].中国名城,2017(3):52-58.YIN Yufang.Review of the researches on the development of Chinese country parks[J].China Ancient City,2017(3):52-58.
[19]张玉鑫.快速城镇化背景下大都市生态空间规划创新探索[J].上海城市规划,2013(5):7-10.ZHANG Yuxin.Ecological spatial planning in light of rapid urbanization:innovation and implementation[J].Shanghai Urban Planning Review,2013(5):7-10.
[20]刘传安,齐童,李雪莹,等.北京郊野公园游憩动机研究[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,37(1):83-88.LIU Chuan’an,QI Tong,LI Xueying,et al.The research on recreation motivation of Beijing country park[J].Journal of Capital Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2016,37(1):83-88.
[21]许东新,薛建辉.上海市郊野公园发展策略研究[J].林业资源管理,2008(5):41-44,68.XU Dongxin,XUE Jianhui.Study on development strategy for country parks in Shanghai[J].Forest Resources Management,2008(5):41-44,68.
[22]石崧,凌莉,乐芸.香港郊野公园规划建设经验借鉴及启示[J].上海城市规划,2013(5):62-68.SHI Song,LING Li,LE Yun.The experience and enlightenment of Hong Kong country parks planning and construction[J].Shanghai Urban Planning Review,2013(5):62-68.
(1)数据来自上海市规划和国土资源管理局网站公开信息,http://www.shgtj.gov.cn/gtzyzw/ldft/201706/t20170630_725787.html。
(2)数据信息根据大众点评网相关内容整理,https://www.dianping.com/search/keyword/1/0_郊野公园。
(3)同(2)。