甘肃河西干旱区温室葡萄对地表覆盖的响应
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摘要
试验了温室葡萄超氧化物气化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和果粒生长对地表覆盖的响应。结果表明:整个生育期内,砂土覆盖、秸秆覆盖、秸秆+白地膜覆盖及秸秆+黑地膜覆盖都对0～40 cm土层土壤有显著的保水作用,其中秸秆+黑地膜保水性能最强(土壤含水量比无覆盖的提高14.53%,P<0.05),且各覆盖方式的保水能力随着土层的加深而增强。秸秆+白地膜覆盖下葡萄细胞的抗氧化酶活性最高。砂土覆盖极显著(P<0.01)提高果粒内Pro含量(约增加42.40%)。砂土覆盖后葡萄果粒粒径最大,秸秆+地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖下的果粒粒径均小于无覆盖的粒径。秸秆覆盖能够提高土壤水分含量,抑制果粒的增长。砂土覆盖可以作为温室葡萄适宜覆盖方式。
In order to screening the appropriate coverage way with good water retention, anti-reversibility of grapes and effect of promoting fruit growth, the response of the protective enzyme( SOD, CAT) activity, osmoregulation content( Pro) content and membrane lipid peroxide( MDA) content and physiological indexes in greenhouse grapes and grape fruit to surface mulching were studied. The main results showed that, in the whole growth period,sand mulch, straw mulch, straw plus white plastic film mulch and straw plus black plastic film mulch presented the significant effect of water retention under the soil layer in 0 to 40 cm, and the water retention capacity of the straw plus black plastic film mulch was strongest( the soil water content increased by 14. 53%, compared with that of no cover, P<0. 05), and the water retention capacity of different mulching ways increased with the deepening of the soil layer, grape cells had the highest antioxidant levels under straw plus white plastic film mulch. Free Pro content significantly( P<0. 01) improved in fruit under the sand mulch( it increased about 42. 40% compared with no cover), and was advantageous to the maintenance of strong osmotic regulation ability, but, Pro generation was few under straw mulch. Grape fruit grain size was the largest under the sand mulch, however, the grape fruit grain size of straw+plastic film mulch, straw mulch were less than that of no cover treatment. Therefore, straw mulch increased moderately soil moisture, but reduced the water absorption ability of the cells, and inhibited the growth of the fruit.Straw plus white plastic film mulch significantly promoted the accumulation of soil moisture, prompted plentiful production of antioxidant enzymes, and fully protected the cells from reactive oxygen species, but it affected negatively the growth of grape fruit. The straw plus black plastic film mulch had the best effect of water retention and proper effect for maintaining the integrity of the cell, but the fruit promotion efficiency of it was not obvious. It was confirmed in study that sand mulch had significant promoting role in grape fruit, and has a certain water retention capacity and favorable ability of balancing the water metabolism of cell. Therefore, sand mulch was used as the best mulch way increasing water content, protecting cell membrane lipid and increasing fruit grain. The conclusion can provide the theory basis for the water-saving production mechanism of cultivation in grapes under surface mulching.
In order to screening the appropriate coverage way with good water retention, anti-reversibility of grapes and effect of promoting fruit growth, the response of the protective enzyme( SOD, CAT) activity, osmoregulation content( Pro) content and membrane lipid peroxide( MDA) content and physiological indexes in greenhouse grapes and grape fruit to surface mulching were studied. The main results showed that, in the whole growth period,sand mulch, straw mulch, straw plus white plastic film mulch and straw plus black plastic film mulch presented the significant effect of water retention under the soil layer in 0 to 40 cm, and the water retention capacity of the straw plus black plastic film mulch was strongest( the soil water content increased by 14. 53%, compared with that of no cover, P<0. 05), and the water retention capacity of different mulching ways increased with the deepening of the soil layer, grape cells had the highest antioxidant levels under straw plus white plastic film mulch. Free Pro content significantly( P<0. 01) improved in fruit under the sand mulch( it increased about 42. 40% compared with no cover), and was advantageous to the maintenance of strong osmotic regulation ability, but, Pro generation was few under straw mulch. Grape fruit grain size was the largest under the sand mulch, however, the grape fruit grain size of straw+plastic film mulch, straw mulch were less than that of no cover treatment. Therefore, straw mulch increased moderately soil moisture, but reduced the water absorption ability of the cells, and inhibited the growth of the fruit.Straw plus white plastic film mulch significantly promoted the accumulation of soil moisture, prompted plentiful production of antioxidant enzymes, and fully protected the cells from reactive oxygen species, but it affected negatively the growth of grape fruit. The straw plus black plastic film mulch had the best effect of water retention and proper effect for maintaining the integrity of the cell, but the fruit promotion efficiency of it was not obvious. It was confirmed in study that sand mulch had significant promoting role in grape fruit, and has a certain water retention capacity and favorable ability of balancing the water metabolism of cell. Therefore, sand mulch was used as the best mulch way increasing water content, protecting cell membrane lipid and increasing fruit grain. The conclusion can provide the theory basis for the water-saving production mechanism of cultivation in grapes under surface mulching.
引文
[1]安玉艳,梁宗锁,郝文芳.杠柳幼苗对不同强度干旱胁迫的生长与生理响应[J].生态学报,2011(3):716-725.
[2]单长卷,韩蕊莲,梁宗锁.干旱胁迫下黄土高原4种乡土禾草抗氧化特性[J].生态学报,2012(4):170-180.
[3] Zhou L M,Li F M,Jin S L,et al.How two ridges and the furrow mulched w ith plastic film affect soil w ater,soil temperature and yield of maize on the semiarid Loess Plateau of China[J].Field Crops Research,2009,113(1):41-47.
[4] Gao Y J,Li Y,Zhang J C,et al.Effects of mulch,N fertilizer,and plant density on w heat yield,w heat nitrogen uptake,and residual soil nitrate in a dry land area of China[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agro Ecosystems,2009,85(2):109-121.
[5] Morris N L,Miller P C H,Orson J H,et al.The adoption of noninversion tillage systems in the United Kingdom and the agronomic impact on soil,crops and the environment:a review[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2010,108(1/2):1-15.
[6] Govaerts B,Sayre K D,Goudeseune B,et al.Conservation agriculture as a sustainable option for the central M exican highlands[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2009,103(2):222-230.
[7] Yang Y M,Liu X J,Li W Q,et al.Effect of different mulch materials on w inter w heat production in desalinized soil in Heilonggang region of North China[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science(Life Science),2006(11):858-867.
[8] Bu L,Liu J,Zhu L,et al. The effects of mulching on maize grow th,yield and w ater use in a semiarid region[J].Agricultural Water M anagement,2013,123:71-78.
[9] Cheng H B,Chai S X,Chen Y Z,et al.Effect of different mulching methods on soil temperature and grain yield of spring w heat in rainfed areas of northw estern China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(19):1-13.
[10]李倩,刘景辉,张磊,等.适当保水剂施用和覆盖促进旱作马铃薯生长发育和产量提高[J].农业工程学报,2013(7):83-90.
[11] Den Hollander N Q,Bastiaans L,Kropff M J.Clover as a cover crop for w eed suppression in all intercropping design.I.characteristic of several clover species[J]. European Journal of Agronomy,2007,26(2):104-112.
[12]孙进,徐阳春,沈其荣,等.施用保水剂和稻草覆盖对植物和土壤的效应[J].应用生态学报,2001(5):731-734.
[13] Franczuk J,Jabońska-Ceglarek R,Zaniewicz-Bajkows-ka A,et al.The effect of plant mulches on the nutritive value of red cabbage and onion[J]. Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin,2009,70:125-134.
[14] Tolk J A,Howell T A,Evett S R.Effect of mulch,irrigation,and soil type on w ater use and yield of maize[J]. Soil and Tillage Research,1999,50:137-147.
[15] Cong T,Jean B.Soil microbial biomass and activity in organic tomato farming systems:effects of organic inputs and straw mulching[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(2):247-255.
[16] Monneveux P E,Quillérou C,Sanchez J. Effect of zero tillage and residues conservation on continuous maize cropping in a subtropical environment(M exico)[J]. Plant and Soil,2006,279(1/2):95-105.
[17] Thomas F D,Michael B J,Maria R F,et al. Effects of straw mulch on soil nitrated gynamics,w eeds,yield and soil erosion in organically grow n potatoes[J]. Field Crops Research,2005,94:238-249.
[18]巩杰,黄高宝,陈利顶,等.旱作麦田秸秆覆盖的生态综合效应研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2003(3):69-73.
[19]李成华,马成林.有机物覆盖地面对土壤物理因素影响的研究(Ⅰ)——有机物覆盖层下土壤湿度的变化[J].农业工程学报,1997(3):85-88.
[20] Broschat T K.Effects of mulch type and fertilizer placement on w eed grow th and soil p H and nutrient content[J].Hort-Technology,2007,17(2):174-177.
[21] Quezada M,Maria R,Munguia L.Plastic mulching and availability of soil nutrients in cucumber crop[J].TERRA,1995,13:136-147.
[22] Mohapatra B K,Lenka D,Naik D.Effect of plastic mulching on yield and w ater use efficiency in maize[J].Annals of Agricultural Sciences,1998,19:210-211.
[23] Atsushi Y,Masakazu K,Nobuhiro K.The effect of minimum tillage w ith w eed cover mulching on organic daikon yield and quality and on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics[J].Biological Agriculture&Horticulture,2014,30(4):228-242.
[24] Jordán A,Zavala L M,Mu1oz R M. Mulching effects on soil physical properties[J].Encyclopedia of Agrophysics,2011:492-496.
[25] Locascio S J,Gilreath J P,Olson S,et al.Red and black mulch color affects production of Florida straw berries[J]. Hort Science,2005,40(1):69-71.
[26]李霞,焦德茂,戴传超.转PEPC基因水稻对光氧化逆境的响应[J].植物学报,2005(4):408-413.
[27]孙一荣,朱教君.水分处理对沙地樟子松幼苗膜脂过氧化作用及保护酶活性影响[J].生态学杂志,2008(5):729-734.
[28]曹慧,韩振海,许雪峰.水分胁迫下苹果属植物叶片叶绿素降解的膜脂过氧化损伤作用[J].中国农业科学,2003(10):1191-1195.
[29] Cabuslay G S,Ito O,Alejar A A.Physiological evaluation of responses of rice to w ater deficit[J].Plant Science,2002,163:815-827.
[30] Reddy A,Chaitanya K V,Vivekanandan M.Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology,2004,161(11):1189-1202.
[31] Sofo A,Dichio B,Xiloyannis C,et al.Effects of different irradiance levels on some antioxidant enzymes and on malondial dehyde content during rew atering in olive tree[J]. Plant Science,2004,166(2):293-302.
[32]李广敏,唐连顺,商振清,等.渗透胁迫对玉米幼苗保护酶系统的影响及其与抗旱性的关系[J].河北农业大学学报,1994,17(2):1-5.
[33]邵艳军,山仑,李广敏.干旱胁迫与复水条件下高粱、玉米苗期渗透调节及抗氧化比较研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2006(1):68-70.
[34]张明生,杜建厂,谢波,等.水分胁迫下甘薯叶片渗透调节物质含量与品种抗旱性的关系[J].南京农业大学学报,2004(4):123-125.
[35] Akcay U C,Ercan O,Kavas M,et al.Drought induced oxidative damage and antioxidant responses in peanut seedlings[J]. Plant Grow th Regulation,2010,61:21-28.
[36] Hare P D,Cress W A.Metabolic implications of stress induced proline accumulation in plants[J]. Plant Grow th Regulation,1997,21:79-102.
[37] Hellmann H,Funck D,Rentsch D,et al. Hypersensitivity of an Arabidopsis sugar signaling mutant tow ard exogenous proline application[J].Plant Physiology,2000,123:779-790.
[38] Zheng S Y,Shang X F,Wang J P.Determination of antioxidant enzyme activity and contents of M DA in maize seedlings under salt stress w ith visible spectrophotometry[J].Biotechnology Bulletin,2010(7):106-109.
[39] Wang H B,Wang X D,Wang B L.The present situation and development countermeasures of facility grape industry in China[J].The Grapes and Wine of Chinese and Foreign,2009(9):61-65.
[40] Bristow K L,Abrecht D G. The physical environment of two semi-arid tropical soils w ith partial surface mulch cover[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,1989,27:577-587.
[41]王兆伟,郝卫平,龚道枝,等.秸秆覆盖量对农田土壤水分和温度动态的影响[J].中国农业气象,2010(2):244-250.
[42]李玲玲,黄高宝,张仁陟,等.免耕秸秆覆盖对旱作农田土壤水分的影响[J].水土保持学报,2005(5):96-98,118.
[43]孙红霞,王维,张鹏,等.秸秆覆盖旱作瓜田土壤水分的空间变化及对西瓜产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014(7):2004-2010.
[44]张红萍,牛俊义,轩春香,等.干旱胁迫及复水对豌豆叶片脯氨酸和丙二醛含量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2008(5):50-54.
[45]杨淑琴,周瑞莲,梁慧敏,等.沙漠植物抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质含量与光合作用的关系[J].中国沙漠,2015(6):1557-1564.
[46]王仁杰,芦俊俊,刘炜,等.长期秸秆覆盖条件下施氮对冬小麦生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016(4):132-138.
[2]单长卷,韩蕊莲,梁宗锁.干旱胁迫下黄土高原4种乡土禾草抗氧化特性[J].生态学报,2012(4):170-180.
[3] Zhou L M,Li F M,Jin S L,et al.How two ridges and the furrow mulched w ith plastic film affect soil w ater,soil temperature and yield of maize on the semiarid Loess Plateau of China[J].Field Crops Research,2009,113(1):41-47.
[4] Gao Y J,Li Y,Zhang J C,et al.Effects of mulch,N fertilizer,and plant density on w heat yield,w heat nitrogen uptake,and residual soil nitrate in a dry land area of China[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agro Ecosystems,2009,85(2):109-121.
[5] Morris N L,Miller P C H,Orson J H,et al.The adoption of noninversion tillage systems in the United Kingdom and the agronomic impact on soil,crops and the environment:a review[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2010,108(1/2):1-15.
[6] Govaerts B,Sayre K D,Goudeseune B,et al.Conservation agriculture as a sustainable option for the central M exican highlands[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2009,103(2):222-230.
[7] Yang Y M,Liu X J,Li W Q,et al.Effect of different mulch materials on w inter w heat production in desalinized soil in Heilonggang region of North China[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science(Life Science),2006(11):858-867.
[8] Bu L,Liu J,Zhu L,et al. The effects of mulching on maize grow th,yield and w ater use in a semiarid region[J].Agricultural Water M anagement,2013,123:71-78.
[9] Cheng H B,Chai S X,Chen Y Z,et al.Effect of different mulching methods on soil temperature and grain yield of spring w heat in rainfed areas of northw estern China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(19):1-13.
[10]李倩,刘景辉,张磊,等.适当保水剂施用和覆盖促进旱作马铃薯生长发育和产量提高[J].农业工程学报,2013(7):83-90.
[11] Den Hollander N Q,Bastiaans L,Kropff M J.Clover as a cover crop for w eed suppression in all intercropping design.I.characteristic of several clover species[J]. European Journal of Agronomy,2007,26(2):104-112.
[12]孙进,徐阳春,沈其荣,等.施用保水剂和稻草覆盖对植物和土壤的效应[J].应用生态学报,2001(5):731-734.
[13] Franczuk J,Jabońska-Ceglarek R,Zaniewicz-Bajkows-ka A,et al.The effect of plant mulches on the nutritive value of red cabbage and onion[J]. Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin,2009,70:125-134.
[14] Tolk J A,Howell T A,Evett S R.Effect of mulch,irrigation,and soil type on w ater use and yield of maize[J]. Soil and Tillage Research,1999,50:137-147.
[15] Cong T,Jean B.Soil microbial biomass and activity in organic tomato farming systems:effects of organic inputs and straw mulching[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(2):247-255.
[16] Monneveux P E,Quillérou C,Sanchez J. Effect of zero tillage and residues conservation on continuous maize cropping in a subtropical environment(M exico)[J]. Plant and Soil,2006,279(1/2):95-105.
[17] Thomas F D,Michael B J,Maria R F,et al. Effects of straw mulch on soil nitrated gynamics,w eeds,yield and soil erosion in organically grow n potatoes[J]. Field Crops Research,2005,94:238-249.
[18]巩杰,黄高宝,陈利顶,等.旱作麦田秸秆覆盖的生态综合效应研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2003(3):69-73.
[19]李成华,马成林.有机物覆盖地面对土壤物理因素影响的研究(Ⅰ)——有机物覆盖层下土壤湿度的变化[J].农业工程学报,1997(3):85-88.
[20] Broschat T K.Effects of mulch type and fertilizer placement on w eed grow th and soil p H and nutrient content[J].Hort-Technology,2007,17(2):174-177.
[21] Quezada M,Maria R,Munguia L.Plastic mulching and availability of soil nutrients in cucumber crop[J].TERRA,1995,13:136-147.
[22] Mohapatra B K,Lenka D,Naik D.Effect of plastic mulching on yield and w ater use efficiency in maize[J].Annals of Agricultural Sciences,1998,19:210-211.
[23] Atsushi Y,Masakazu K,Nobuhiro K.The effect of minimum tillage w ith w eed cover mulching on organic daikon yield and quality and on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics[J].Biological Agriculture&Horticulture,2014,30(4):228-242.
[24] Jordán A,Zavala L M,Mu1oz R M. Mulching effects on soil physical properties[J].Encyclopedia of Agrophysics,2011:492-496.
[25] Locascio S J,Gilreath J P,Olson S,et al.Red and black mulch color affects production of Florida straw berries[J]. Hort Science,2005,40(1):69-71.
[26]李霞,焦德茂,戴传超.转PEPC基因水稻对光氧化逆境的响应[J].植物学报,2005(4):408-413.
[27]孙一荣,朱教君.水分处理对沙地樟子松幼苗膜脂过氧化作用及保护酶活性影响[J].生态学杂志,2008(5):729-734.
[28]曹慧,韩振海,许雪峰.水分胁迫下苹果属植物叶片叶绿素降解的膜脂过氧化损伤作用[J].中国农业科学,2003(10):1191-1195.
[29] Cabuslay G S,Ito O,Alejar A A.Physiological evaluation of responses of rice to w ater deficit[J].Plant Science,2002,163:815-827.
[30] Reddy A,Chaitanya K V,Vivekanandan M.Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology,2004,161(11):1189-1202.
[31] Sofo A,Dichio B,Xiloyannis C,et al.Effects of different irradiance levels on some antioxidant enzymes and on malondial dehyde content during rew atering in olive tree[J]. Plant Science,2004,166(2):293-302.
[32]李广敏,唐连顺,商振清,等.渗透胁迫对玉米幼苗保护酶系统的影响及其与抗旱性的关系[J].河北农业大学学报,1994,17(2):1-5.
[33]邵艳军,山仑,李广敏.干旱胁迫与复水条件下高粱、玉米苗期渗透调节及抗氧化比较研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2006(1):68-70.
[34]张明生,杜建厂,谢波,等.水分胁迫下甘薯叶片渗透调节物质含量与品种抗旱性的关系[J].南京农业大学学报,2004(4):123-125.
[35] Akcay U C,Ercan O,Kavas M,et al.Drought induced oxidative damage and antioxidant responses in peanut seedlings[J]. Plant Grow th Regulation,2010,61:21-28.
[36] Hare P D,Cress W A.Metabolic implications of stress induced proline accumulation in plants[J]. Plant Grow th Regulation,1997,21:79-102.
[37] Hellmann H,Funck D,Rentsch D,et al. Hypersensitivity of an Arabidopsis sugar signaling mutant tow ard exogenous proline application[J].Plant Physiology,2000,123:779-790.
[38] Zheng S Y,Shang X F,Wang J P.Determination of antioxidant enzyme activity and contents of M DA in maize seedlings under salt stress w ith visible spectrophotometry[J].Biotechnology Bulletin,2010(7):106-109.
[39] Wang H B,Wang X D,Wang B L.The present situation and development countermeasures of facility grape industry in China[J].The Grapes and Wine of Chinese and Foreign,2009(9):61-65.
[40] Bristow K L,Abrecht D G. The physical environment of two semi-arid tropical soils w ith partial surface mulch cover[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,1989,27:577-587.
[41]王兆伟,郝卫平,龚道枝,等.秸秆覆盖量对农田土壤水分和温度动态的影响[J].中国农业气象,2010(2):244-250.
[42]李玲玲,黄高宝,张仁陟,等.免耕秸秆覆盖对旱作农田土壤水分的影响[J].水土保持学报,2005(5):96-98,118.
[43]孙红霞,王维,张鹏,等.秸秆覆盖旱作瓜田土壤水分的空间变化及对西瓜产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014(7):2004-2010.
[44]张红萍,牛俊义,轩春香,等.干旱胁迫及复水对豌豆叶片脯氨酸和丙二醛含量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2008(5):50-54.
[45]杨淑琴,周瑞莲,梁慧敏,等.沙漠植物抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质含量与光合作用的关系[J].中国沙漠,2015(6):1557-1564.
[46]王仁杰,芦俊俊,刘炜,等.长期秸秆覆盖条件下施氮对冬小麦生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016(4):132-138.