半干旱区不同种植模式对覆膜马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响
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摘要
为了确定适合陇中干旱半干旱条件下马铃薯高产高效的种植模式,通过田间试验,以‘陇薯10号’为材料,在相同的施肥条件下,研究不同种植模式和种植密度对马铃薯生长的影响。结果表明,不同种植模式对马铃薯出苗率、SPAD(Soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD)值、冠层温度没有显著影响;在同一种植模式下,密度为5 000株/667m~2处理的叶面积指数(Leaf area index,LAI)、块茎数大于4 000株/667m~2处理,而水分利用效率、地上部和根鲜重以及盛花期、块茎膨大期和成熟期单株块茎重小于4 000株/667m~2处理;在同一密度不同种植模式的条件下,LAI、地上部和根鲜重、单株块茎重以及水分利用效率均随着垄宽的变宽和垄沟的变窄而变小;马铃薯块茎产量和商品薯率均是4 000株/667m2、50 cm垄宽和50 cm垄沟以及垄上微沟种植最高。综上所述,垄上微沟种植、4 000株/667m~2以及50 cm垄宽、50 cm垄沟是陇中干旱半干旱条件下马铃薯高产高效的最佳种植模式。
A field trial was conducted under the same fertilization conditions using 'Longshu 10' as planting materials to study the effects of different planting patterns and planting densities on potato growth in order to determine the high yield and high efficiency planting mode suitable for central Gansu Province under arid and semi-arid conditions. Different planting patterns had no significant effects on potato emergence, soil and plant analyzer development(SPAD) value, and canopy temperature. Under the same planting patterns, the leaf area index(LAI) and tuber number were higher in 5 000 plants/667 m~2 than those of 4 000 plants/667 m~2, but the water use efficiency, aboveground and fresh root weight, and tuber yield at the stages of flowering, tuber bulking and maturity was found less in case of 4 000 plants/667 m~2. Under the condition of the same density but different planting patterns, LAI, aboveground and fresh root weight, tuber yield and water use efficiency decreased as the ridge width increased and furrows decreased. The tuber yield and marketable tuber percentage was higher in case of 4 000 plants/667 m~2, 50 cm ridge wide and 50 cm furrow, and mini groove planting. Therefore, the mini groove planting on the ridge, 4 000 plants/667 m~2, and 50 cm ridge wide and 50 cm furrow might be the best planting mode for high yield and high efficiency of potato in arid and semi-arid conditions in central Gansu Province.
A field trial was conducted under the same fertilization conditions using 'Longshu 10' as planting materials to study the effects of different planting patterns and planting densities on potato growth in order to determine the high yield and high efficiency planting mode suitable for central Gansu Province under arid and semi-arid conditions. Different planting patterns had no significant effects on potato emergence, soil and plant analyzer development(SPAD) value, and canopy temperature. Under the same planting patterns, the leaf area index(LAI) and tuber number were higher in 5 000 plants/667 m~2 than those of 4 000 plants/667 m~2, but the water use efficiency, aboveground and fresh root weight, and tuber yield at the stages of flowering, tuber bulking and maturity was found less in case of 4 000 plants/667 m~2. Under the condition of the same density but different planting patterns, LAI, aboveground and fresh root weight, tuber yield and water use efficiency decreased as the ridge width increased and furrows decreased. The tuber yield and marketable tuber percentage was higher in case of 4 000 plants/667 m~2, 50 cm ridge wide and 50 cm furrow, and mini groove planting. Therefore, the mini groove planting on the ridge, 4 000 plants/667 m~2, and 50 cm ridge wide and 50 cm furrow might be the best planting mode for high yield and high efficiency of potato in arid and semi-arid conditions in central Gansu Province.
引文
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[2]何万春,何昌福,邱慧珍,等.不同氮水平对旱地覆膜马铃薯干物质积累与分配的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2016, 34(4):175-182.
[3]李少昆,王崇桃.作物株型和冠层结构信息获取与表述的方法[J].石河子大学学报:自然科学版, 1997, 1(3):250-256.
[4]陈国平,王荣焕,赵久然.玉米高产田的产量结构模式及关键因素分析[J].玉米科学, 2009, 17(4):84-93.
[5]李猛,蔡宗兴,万明长,等.不同种植方式对玉米产量的影响[J].贵州农业科学, 1999(A1):53, 54.
[6]武志海,张治安,陈展宇,等.玉米大垄双行种植群体冠层结构及其微环境特性的研究[J].玉米科学, 2015, 13(4):62-65.
[7]杨克军,萧常亮,李明,等.栽培方式与群体结构对玉米生长发育及产量的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报, 2005, 17(4):9-12.
[8]邹吉波.玉米宽窄行交替种植技术的应用[J].安徽农业科学,2009, 34(9):1824-1826.
[9]王亚宏,高世铭,张伟,等.陇中旱地马铃薯不同种植模式对土壤温度和水分利用效率的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报, 2009, 12(6):19-23.
[10]高聚林,刘克礼,张宝林.马铃薯干物质积累与分配规律[J].中国马铃薯, 2003, 17(4):209-212.
[11]郑毅,张立军,崔振海,等.种植密度对不同株型夏玉米冠层结构和光合势的影响[J].江苏农业科学, 2010(3):116-118.
[12]胡文慧.种植模式和施肥量对马铃薯产量和养分吸收的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2017.
[13]陈哲明.施肥和种植模式对马铃薯生长、产量与品质和土壤肥力的影响[D].长沙:湖南农业大学, 2016.
[14]秦舒浩,张俊莲,王蒂,等.覆膜与沟垄种植模式对旱作马铃薯产量形成及水分运移的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2011, 22(2):389-394.