城市公交与农村客运同步换乘模型
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摘要
随着城乡经济的发展,城乡之间的客运需求日益增加。为了提高城乡客运线路的运营效率,满足日益增长的城乡客运需求,同时有助于城乡客运一体化的发展,实现在有效换乘路径上城乡线路"无等待"换乘,对城市公交与农村客运线路之间的换乘进行了研究。根据城市公交与农村客运换乘枢纽的功能和布局,以及城市规模形态,分别定义了有效换乘路径和有效换乘站点,分析了城市公交与农村客运的换乘形式,并将城乡公交换乘形式划分为城区边缘同步换乘和城区内部同步换乘2种同步换乘形式。考虑乘客出行对换乘路径的选择,以发车间隔和发车时间为约束条件,建立了双层优化模型,模型通过优化换乘线路上车辆到站时间来实现城市公交线路与农村客运线路间的同步换乘。其中,上层优化目标为乘客在换乘路径上的出行时间最短,下层优化目标为车辆在有效换乘站点相遇次数最多。为求解该双层优化模型,将该问题划分为不同模块,设计了对应的启发式算法对模型进行求解,得到了基于同步换乘的线路车辆发车时刻。最后,分别以城区边缘换乘和城区内部换乘为例进行案例分析,验证模型和算法过程。结果表明:所提出的模型和算法能够求解出城市公交线路和农村客运线路发车时刻的满意解,实现城乡客运线路间的同步换乘。
With the development of urban and rural economy,the passenger transport demand between city and countryside is increasing. In order to improve the operational efficiency and meet the growing demand of urban and rural passenger transport( U&RPT),the transfer between urban and rural passenger transport lines is studied,which is contribute to the development of U&RPT integration,and realize the effective "no waiting"transfer between urban and rural lines. According to the function and layout of urban and rural passenger transport interchange hubs as well as the size of the city,the effective transfer route and effective transfer site are defined respectively,and the transfer form of U&RPT is analyzed,which is divided into urban edge synchronous transfer and urban internal synchronous transfer. Considering the passengers' choice of transfer route and taking the departure interval and time as constraints,the two-layer optimization model is established to realize the synchronous transfer of U&RPT by optimizing the vehicle arrival time on the line.The upper optimization goal of the model is that the passenger has the shortest travel time on the transfer path,and the lower optimization goal is that the vehicle has the most encounters at the effective transfer site.The two-layer optimization model is divided into different modules and it is solved with corresponding heuristic algorithm,and the vehicle departure time of the line is obtained based on synchronous transfer. Finally,the case study of the urban edge and internal transfers is conducted to verify the model and the algorithm process.The result shows that the proposed model and the algorithm can obtain the optimal solution of departure time of U&RPT,and realize the synchronous transfer between urban and rural passenger lines.
With the development of urban and rural economy,the passenger transport demand between city and countryside is increasing. In order to improve the operational efficiency and meet the growing demand of urban and rural passenger transport( U&RPT),the transfer between urban and rural passenger transport lines is studied,which is contribute to the development of U&RPT integration,and realize the effective "no waiting"transfer between urban and rural lines. According to the function and layout of urban and rural passenger transport interchange hubs as well as the size of the city,the effective transfer route and effective transfer site are defined respectively,and the transfer form of U&RPT is analyzed,which is divided into urban edge synchronous transfer and urban internal synchronous transfer. Considering the passengers' choice of transfer route and taking the departure interval and time as constraints,the two-layer optimization model is established to realize the synchronous transfer of U&RPT by optimizing the vehicle arrival time on the line.The upper optimization goal of the model is that the passenger has the shortest travel time on the transfer path,and the lower optimization goal is that the vehicle has the most encounters at the effective transfer site.The two-layer optimization model is divided into different modules and it is solved with corresponding heuristic algorithm,and the vehicle departure time of the line is obtained based on synchronous transfer. Finally,the case study of the urban edge and internal transfers is conducted to verify the model and the algorithm process.The result shows that the proposed model and the algorithm can obtain the optimal solution of departure time of U&RPT,and realize the synchronous transfer between urban and rural passenger lines.
引文
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[14]石琴,覃运梅,黄志鹏.公交区域调度的最大同步换乘模型[J].中国公路学报,2007,20(6):90-94.SHI Qin, QIN Yun-mei, HUANG Zhi-peng. Maximal Synchronous Transfer Model of Bus Regional Dispatching[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport,2007,20(6):90-94.
[15] IBARRA-ROJAS O J,RIOS-SOLIS Y A. Synchronization of Bus Timetabling[J]. Transportation Research Part B:Methodological,2012,46(5):599-614.
[16] NESHELI M M,CEDER A,GONZALEZ V A. Real-time Public-transport Operational Tactics Using Synchronized Transfers to Eliminate Vehicle Bunching[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2016,17(11):3220-3229.
[17] LIU T,CEDER A,CHOWDHURY S. Integrated Public Transport Timetable Synchronization with Vehicle Scheduling[J]. Transportmetrica A:Transport Science,2017,13(10):932-954.
[18] NESHELI M M,CEDER A. Improved Reliability of Public Transportation Using Real-time Transfer Synchronization[J]. Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,2015,60:525-539.
[2] CHOWDHURY S M, CHIEN S I. Intermodal Transit System Coordination[J]. Transportation Planning and Technology,2002,25(4):257-287.
[3]李文勇,王炜,陈学武.公交出行路径蚂蚁算法[J].交通运输工程学报,2004,4(4):102-105.LI Wen-yong,WANG Wei,CHEN Xue-wu. Bus Travel Transit Path Based on Ant Algorithm[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2004,4(4):102-105.
[4]戴帅,姜华平,陈海泳,等.公共交通换乘时间可靠度研究[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(9):124-126.DAI Shuai,JIANG Hua-ping,CHEN Hai-yong,et al.Study on Transfer Reliability of Integrated Public Transport[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2007,24(9):124-126.
[5]李铭,李旭宏,吕慎.基于城市TOD发展模式的客运换乘枢纽布局规划研究[J].公路交通科技,2006,23(11):100-104.LI Ming,LI Xu-hong,LShen. Research on Layout of Passenger Transit Hub Based on Urban TOD Development Pattern[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2006,23(11):100-104.
[6]谷金晶,杨艳,张敬东.考虑到站时间差的多层级常规公交时刻表[J].公路交通科技,2016,33(6):128-133.GU Jin-jing,YANG Yan,ZHANG Jing-dong. Timetable of Multi-level Transit Considering Arrival Time Difference[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2016,33(6):128-133.
[7]杜建波.城市公交智能调度算法研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2017.DU Jian-bo. Research on Intelligent Scheduling Algorithm for Urban Public Transport[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University of Technology,2017.
[8]魏明,陈学武,孙博.多模式区域公交协调调度模型和算法[J].公路交通科技,2015,32(4):136-142.WEI Ming,CHEN Xue-wu,SUN Bo. A Model and an Algorithm of Schedule Coordination for Multi-mode Regional Bus Transit[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2015, 32(4):136-142.
[9]柏海舰,董瑞娟,张敏,等.基于同步多样性的公交时刻优化方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2013,13(3):79-85.BAI Hai-jian, DONG Rui-juan, ZHANG Min, et al.Optimization Method of Bus Time Based on Synchronization Diversity[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2013,13(3):79-85.
[10]熊杰,关伟,黄爱玲.社区公交接驳地铁路径优化研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2014,14(1):166-173.XIONG Jie,GUAN Wei,HUANG Ai-ling. Research on Optimal Routing of Community Shuttle Connect Rail Transit Line[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2014,14(1):166-173.
[11]苏彩艳.基于运行时间可靠性的公交线网协同调度问题研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2012.SU Cai-yan. Research on Synchronization of Bus Networks Based on Running Time Reliability[D]. Changsha:Central South University,2012.
[12] CEDER A,GOLANY B,TAL O. Creating Bus Timetables with Maximal Synchronization[J]. Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice,2001,35(10):913-928.
[13]周雪梅,杨晓光.基于ITS的公共交通换乘等待时间最短调度问题研究[J].中国公路学报,2004,17(2):82-84.ZHOU Xue-mei,YANG Xiao-guang. Study of Dispatching at Minimum Waiting Time of Public Transportation Transfer under the Condition of ITS[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport,2004,17(2):82-84.
[14]石琴,覃运梅,黄志鹏.公交区域调度的最大同步换乘模型[J].中国公路学报,2007,20(6):90-94.SHI Qin, QIN Yun-mei, HUANG Zhi-peng. Maximal Synchronous Transfer Model of Bus Regional Dispatching[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport,2007,20(6):90-94.
[15] IBARRA-ROJAS O J,RIOS-SOLIS Y A. Synchronization of Bus Timetabling[J]. Transportation Research Part B:Methodological,2012,46(5):599-614.
[16] NESHELI M M,CEDER A,GONZALEZ V A. Real-time Public-transport Operational Tactics Using Synchronized Transfers to Eliminate Vehicle Bunching[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2016,17(11):3220-3229.
[17] LIU T,CEDER A,CHOWDHURY S. Integrated Public Transport Timetable Synchronization with Vehicle Scheduling[J]. Transportmetrica A:Transport Science,2017,13(10):932-954.
[18] NESHELI M M,CEDER A. Improved Reliability of Public Transportation Using Real-time Transfer Synchronization[J]. Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,2015,60:525-539.
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