大数据分析到情报研究:天堑抑或通途?
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摘要
[目的/意义]大数据分析引入情报研究已成为时代发展的趋势,识别二者之间的"天堑"及"通途"对促进及形成大数据驱动的情报研究理论体系具有重要意义。[方法/过程]文章从情报需求与情报问题界定、情报假说、情报搜集与处理、情报分析与生产、情报产品的交付与反馈5个情报研究的关键环节出发,通过对比研究,梳理目前大数据分析与情报研究的交融点及隔阂点,指出大数据分析引入情报分析后的价值体现及不足所在。[结果/结论]大数据分析对情报研究的影响在不断加深,但仍有许多"天堑",这些"天堑"产生的根源在于现阶段大数据分析尚无法替代情报人员的智能性及主观能动性。但从长远演变的角度而言,大数据分析将会与情报研究不断发展、走向交融。
[Purpose/significance] The introduction of big data analysis into intelligence studies has become the trend of the developed age.It is of great significance to promote and establish the intelligence studies theoretical system driven by big data to identify the "natural moat"and "thoroughfare"between them.[Method/process] From the perspective of five key links of intelligence studies—intelligence requirement and intelligence problem definition,intelligence hypothesis,intelligence gathering and processing,intelligence analysis and production,the intelligence products delivery and feedback,this paper combs the intersections and gaps of big data analysis and intelligence studies in the method of comparative study,to point out its value and disadvantages.[Results/conclusion] The impact of big data analysis on intelligence studies is deepening,but there are still many "natural moats",which are rooted in the fact that big data analysis cannot replace intelligence personnel's smart and subjective.However,in terms of evolution,big data analysis and intelligence studies will continue to develop and then integrate with each other.
[Purpose/significance] The introduction of big data analysis into intelligence studies has become the trend of the developed age.It is of great significance to promote and establish the intelligence studies theoretical system driven by big data to identify the "natural moat"and "thoroughfare"between them.[Method/process] From the perspective of five key links of intelligence studies—intelligence requirement and intelligence problem definition,intelligence hypothesis,intelligence gathering and processing,intelligence analysis and production,the intelligence products delivery and feedback,this paper combs the intersections and gaps of big data analysis and intelligence studies in the method of comparative study,to point out its value and disadvantages.[Results/conclusion] The impact of big data analysis on intelligence studies is deepening,but there are still many "natural moats",which are rooted in the fact that big data analysis cannot replace intelligence personnel's smart and subjective.However,in terms of evolution,big data analysis and intelligence studies will continue to develop and then integrate with each other.
引文
[1] 包昌火,王秀玲,李艳.中国情报研究发展纪实[J].情报理论与实践,2010,33(1):1-3.
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[3] 邓三鸿,郭骅.情报学与情报工作发展论坛(2017)隆重召开并凝聚形成《南京共识》[J].图书情报知识,2017(6):125-127.
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[16] 高金虎,张魁.情报分析方法论[M].北京:金城出版社,2017.
[17] 化柏林.从棱镜计划看大数据时代下的情报分析[J].图书与情报,2014(5):2-6.
[18] 徐峰,张旭.面向决策的情报研究与服务探析[J].情报学报,2012,31(11):1124-1130.
[19] 郭路生,刘春年,胡佳琪.工程化思维下情报需求开发范式——情报需求工程探析[J].情报理论与实践,2017,40(9):24-28.
[20] 罗伯特·克拉克.情报分析:以目标为中心的方法[M].北京:金城出版社,2013:15-16.
[21] 化柏林,李广建.面向情报流程的情报方法体系构建[J].情报学报,2016,35(2):177-188.
[22] 杰罗姆·克劳泽.情报研究与分析入门[M].北京:金城出版社,2016.
[23] 彭知辉.论基于大数据的公安情报搜集[J].图书馆学研究,2017(9):33-37,48.
[24] 维克托·迈尔-舍恩伯格,肯尼思·库克耶.大数据时代——生活、工作与思维的大变革[M].盛杨燕,周涛,译.杭州:浙江人民出版社,2013.
[25] 孟小峰,慈祥.大数据管理:概念、技术与挑战[J].计算机研究与发展,2013,50(1):146-169.
[26] 徐芳,金小璞.认知心理学视角的情报分析过程模型构建[J].图书情报工作,2011,55(16):16-19,45.
[27] 梁陶.论情报分析中的非逻辑方法[J].情报杂志,2016,35(1):24-26.
[2] 高金虎.试论信息时代的情报分析理论创新[J/OL].情报杂志:1-7.[2018-07-18].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/61.1167.G3.20180629.1153.002.html.
[3] 邓三鸿,郭骅.情报学与情报工作发展论坛(2017)隆重召开并凝聚形成《南京共识》[J].图书情报知识,2017(6):125-127.
[4] 李广建,化柏林.大数据分析与情报分析关系辨析[J].中国图书馆学报,2014(9):14-21.
[5] LIAN Duan,YE Xiong.Big data analytics and business analytics[J].Journal of Management Analytics,2015(1):1.
[6] CHEN H,CHIANG R,STOREY V.Business intelligence and analytics:from big data to big impact[J].MIS Quarterly,2012,36(4):1165-1188.
[7] 梁春华.大数据环境情报研究平台发展现状与思考[J].情报理论与实践,2017,40(6):63-66,50.
[8] 瞿志凯,等.大数据背景下突发事件情报分析模型构建研究[J].现代情报,2017,37(1):45-50.
[9] 彭知辉.大数据环境下公安情报学理论体系研究[J].图书馆杂志,2018,37(2):11-17.
[10] 李广建,江信昱.情报分析计算化:背景、作用及关键问题[J].图书情报工作,2017,61(16):24-30.
[11] 李广建,江信昱.论计算型情报分析[J].中国图书馆学报,2018,44(2):4-16.
[12] LIM K.Big data and strategic intelligence[J].Intelligence and National Security,2016,31(4):619-635.
[13] PADBERG M.Big data and business intelligence:a data-driven strategy for e-commerce organizations in the hotel industry[D].The Netherlands:University of Twente,2015.
[14] SYMON P,TARAPORE A.Defence intelligence analysis in the age of big data[J].JFQ,2015(4):4-11.
[15] ELDRIDGE C,HOBBS C,MORAN M.Fusing algorithms and analysts:open-source intelligence in the age of“Big Data”[J].Intelligence and National Security,2018,33(3):391-406.
[16] 高金虎,张魁.情报分析方法论[M].北京:金城出版社,2017.
[17] 化柏林.从棱镜计划看大数据时代下的情报分析[J].图书与情报,2014(5):2-6.
[18] 徐峰,张旭.面向决策的情报研究与服务探析[J].情报学报,2012,31(11):1124-1130.
[19] 郭路生,刘春年,胡佳琪.工程化思维下情报需求开发范式——情报需求工程探析[J].情报理论与实践,2017,40(9):24-28.
[20] 罗伯特·克拉克.情报分析:以目标为中心的方法[M].北京:金城出版社,2013:15-16.
[21] 化柏林,李广建.面向情报流程的情报方法体系构建[J].情报学报,2016,35(2):177-188.
[22] 杰罗姆·克劳泽.情报研究与分析入门[M].北京:金城出版社,2016.
[23] 彭知辉.论基于大数据的公安情报搜集[J].图书馆学研究,2017(9):33-37,48.
[24] 维克托·迈尔-舍恩伯格,肯尼思·库克耶.大数据时代——生活、工作与思维的大变革[M].盛杨燕,周涛,译.杭州:浙江人民出版社,2013.
[25] 孟小峰,慈祥.大数据管理:概念、技术与挑战[J].计算机研究与发展,2013,50(1):146-169.
[26] 徐芳,金小璞.认知心理学视角的情报分析过程模型构建[J].图书情报工作,2011,55(16):16-19,45.
[27] 梁陶.论情报分析中的非逻辑方法[J].情报杂志,2016,35(1):24-26.