赤霉素对露地栽培月季‘卡罗拉’生长发育的影响
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摘要
通过喷施不同浓度的GA_3(以喷水为对照),记录初花和谢花日期,于盛花期时调查花枝长、花柄长、株高及叶片长宽比等生长指标,研究赤霉素处理对露地栽培切花月季‘卡罗拉’生长发育的影响。结果表明,不同浓度GA_3处理对其株高、花枝长、花柄长均具有不同程度的促进作用。300 mg·L~(-1) GA_3处理,平均花枝最长,叶片长宽比值最大;300和400 mg·L~(-1) GA_3处理,平均花柄最长;500 mg·L~(-1) GA_3处理,平均株高最高。对300 mg·L~(-1) GA_3处理的植株材料进行扫描电镜观察及RT-PCR分析结果发现,RhGA2ox、RhGA20ox、RhGA_3ox及RhGID1基因表达上调,表明促进了体内GA_3的积累,诱导了生长素合成相关基因的表达,导致植物细胞伸长、细胞体积增大,因而促进植株增高、叶片变长;开花相关基因RhAP1、RhKSN和RhSOC1的表达先上升后下降;RhAP1、RhFT和RhSOC1的表达,尤其是开花素基因RhFT在21 d时的高水平表达可能造成比对照提早开花;而RhKSN基因高水平表达抑制了开花基因表达导致开花期延长。
In this study,different concentrations of gibberellin(GA_3)were applied to the branch of the rose,‘Corolla',and the water spraying was used as the control. The initial flower date,the date of flower opening,and the date of flower withering were recorded and the length of flower branches,flower stalks,plant heights and the ratio of leaf longitudinal and horizontal were measured at full-bloom stage,in order to reveal the effects of GA_3 on the growth and development of rose‘Carola'. When the treatment concentration of GA_3 was 300 mg · L~(-1),the average length of the rose was the longest and the aspect ratio of the leaf was the largest;the treatment with the concentration of 300 and 400 mg · L~(-1) had the longest average length of the flower stalks;the concentration 500 mg · L~(-1) had the highest average plant height. Under the spraying condition of GA_3 300 mg · L~(-1),RT-PCR results demonstrated that the application of GA_3 up-regulated the expression of RhGA2 ox,RhGA20 ox,RhGA_3 ox,and RhGID1 genes,which might participate in the regulation of GAs metabolism and hormone signaling. Furthermore,the changes might indirectly induce the expression of genes related to auxin synthesis,leading to cell elongation and cell volume increase,which in turn promoted the increase of the plant height and the leaf length in rose plants. The investigation of related flowering-related genes,RhAP1,RhKSN and RhSOC1 showed that the expression pattern of RhAP1,RhFT and RhSOC1 gene expression levels were first to increase and then decrease after the application of GA_3,and changed greatly,compared with the control.The high expression of the flowering gene,RhFT may be one of the causes of the earlier date for flowering due to GA_3 treatment;in addition,the high expression of RhKSN may be one of the reasons for the longer period of flowering.
In this study,different concentrations of gibberellin(GA_3)were applied to the branch of the rose,‘Corolla',and the water spraying was used as the control. The initial flower date,the date of flower opening,and the date of flower withering were recorded and the length of flower branches,flower stalks,plant heights and the ratio of leaf longitudinal and horizontal were measured at full-bloom stage,in order to reveal the effects of GA_3 on the growth and development of rose‘Carola'. When the treatment concentration of GA_3 was 300 mg · L~(-1),the average length of the rose was the longest and the aspect ratio of the leaf was the largest;the treatment with the concentration of 300 and 400 mg · L~(-1) had the longest average length of the flower stalks;the concentration 500 mg · L~(-1) had the highest average plant height. Under the spraying condition of GA_3 300 mg · L~(-1),RT-PCR results demonstrated that the application of GA_3 up-regulated the expression of RhGA2 ox,RhGA20 ox,RhGA_3 ox,and RhGID1 genes,which might participate in the regulation of GAs metabolism and hormone signaling. Furthermore,the changes might indirectly induce the expression of genes related to auxin synthesis,leading to cell elongation and cell volume increase,which in turn promoted the increase of the plant height and the leaf length in rose plants. The investigation of related flowering-related genes,RhAP1,RhKSN and RhSOC1 showed that the expression pattern of RhAP1,RhFT and RhSOC1 gene expression levels were first to increase and then decrease after the application of GA_3,and changed greatly,compared with the control.The high expression of the flowering gene,RhFT may be one of the causes of the earlier date for flowering due to GA_3 treatment;in addition,the high expression of RhKSN may be one of the reasons for the longer period of flowering.
引文
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Colebrook E H,Thomas S G,Phillips A L,Hedden P.2014.The role of gibberellin signalling in plant responses to abiotic stress.Journal of Experimental Biology,(217):67-75.
Huang Tao-peng,Li Mei-juan,Wang Rui,Li Ling.2015.Progress in study of gibberellins biosynthesis and signaling transduction pathway.Plant Physiology Journal,51(8):241-1247.(in Chinese)黄桃鹏,李媚娟,王睿,李玲.2015.赤霉素生物合成及信号转导途径研究进展.植物生理学报,51(8):1241-1247.
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Jiang Shi-hao,Pang Ji-liang,Wang Li-lin,Liang Hai-man.2008.Molecular mechanism of gibberellin promotion on floral development.Plant Physiology Communications,(5):835-843.(in Chinese)姜仕豪,庞基良,王利琳,梁海曼.2008.赤霉素促进花发育的分子机制.植物生理学通讯,(5):835-843.
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Nemoto K,Ramadan A,Arimura G I,Imai K,Tomii K,Shinozaki K,Sawasaki T.2017.Tyrosine phosphorylation of the GARU E3 ubiquitin ligase promotes gibberellin signalling by preventing GID1 degradation.Nature Communications,8(1):1004.
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Park J,Oh D H,Dassanayake M,Nguyen K T,Ogas J,Choi G,Sun T P.2017.Gibberellin signaling requires chromatin remodeler PICKLE to promote vegetative growth and phase transitions.Plant Physiology,173(2):1463-1474.
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Colebrook E H,Thomas S G,Phillips A L,Hedden P.2014.The role of gibberellin signalling in plant responses to abiotic stress.Journal of Experimental Biology,(217):67-75.
Huang Tao-peng,Li Mei-juan,Wang Rui,Li Ling.2015.Progress in study of gibberellins biosynthesis and signaling transduction pathway.Plant Physiology Journal,51(8):241-1247.(in Chinese)黄桃鹏,李媚娟,王睿,李玲.2015.赤霉素生物合成及信号转导途径研究进展.植物生理学报,51(8):1241-1247.
Huang Xian-zhong,Jiang Cai-fu,Liao Li-li,Fu Xiang-dong.2006.Progress on molecular foundation of GA biosynthesis pathway and signaling.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,(5):499-510.(in Chinese)黄先忠,蒋才富,廖立力,傅向东.2006.赤霉素作用机理的分子基础与调控模式研究进展.植物学通报,(5):499-510.
Jeon H W,Cho J S,Park E J,Han K H,Choi Y I,Ko J H.2016.Developing xylem-preferential expression of PdGA20ox1,a gibberellin 20-oxidase1 from Pinus densiflora,improves woody biomass production in a hybrid poplar.Plant Biotechnology Journal,14(4):1161-1170.
Jiang Shi-hao,Pang Ji-liang,Wang Li-lin,Liang Hai-man.2008.Molecular mechanism of gibberellin promotion on floral development.Plant Physiology Communications,(5):835-843.(in Chinese)姜仕豪,庞基良,王利琳,梁海曼.2008.赤霉素促进花发育的分子机制.植物生理学通讯,(5):835-843.
Lan A-feng,Ji Wei,Liang Zong-suo.2007.Study on the flowered process of the honeysuckle regulated by the gibberellin.Journal of Northwest A&F University(Nat Sci Ed),(5):163-165.(in Chinese).兰阿峰,纪薇,梁宗锁.2007.赤霉素对金银花成花过程的调控.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),(5):163-165.
Ma Zi-jun,Hou Shi-chang,Chang Yi.1985.Effects of ethephon and gibberellin on flowering period and flower yield of Kushui rose.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,12(2):125-130.(in Chinese)马子骏,侯世昌,常毅.1985.乙烯利与赤霉素对苦水玫瑰花期和产花量的影响.园艺学报,12(2):125-130.
Mornya P M P,Cheng F Y.2018.Effect of combined chilling and GA3 treatment on bud abortion in forced‘Luoyanghong’tree peony(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.).Horticultural Plant Journal,4(6):250-256.
Nemoto K,Ramadan A,Arimura G I,Imai K,Tomii K,Shinozaki K,Sawasaki T.2017.Tyrosine phosphorylation of the GARU E3 ubiquitin ligase promotes gibberellin signalling by preventing GID1 degradation.Nature Communications,8(1):1004.
Ogawa M,Hanada A,Yamauchi Y,Kuwahara A,Kamiya Y,Yamaguchi S.2003.Gibberellin biosynthesis and response during Arabidopsis seed germination.Plant Cell,15(7):1591-1604.
Park J,Oh D H,Dassanayake M,Nguyen K T,Ogas J,Choi G,Sun T P.2017.Gibberellin signaling requires chromatin remodeler PICKLE to promote vegetative growth and phase transitions.Plant Physiology,173(2):1463-1474.
Peng Ying-hui,Zeng Dong-qin,Chen Fei-fei,Zhang Yun,Wang Li,Liang Wei-wen,Lu Yan.2007.Effects of spraying with GA3 or paclobutrazol on the flowering and body height of three herbal flower species.Journal of Central South University o f Forestry&Technology,(4):100-103.(in Chinese)彭映辉,曾冬琴,陈飞飞,张云,万丽,梁炜文,陆艳.2007.赤霉素及多效唑对3种草本花卉花期与株高的影响.中南林业科技大学学报,(4):100-103.
Pi Xue-jing,Pan Bang-zhen,Xu Zeng-fu.2013.Induction of bisexual flowers by gibberellin in monoecious biofuel plant Jatropha curcas(Euphorbiaceae).Plant Diversity and Resources,(1):26-32.(in Chinese)皮雪静,潘帮珍,徐增富.2013.赤霉素诱导小桐子产生两性花.植物分类与资源学报,(1):26-32.
Radha J,Singh S N,Solomon S,Chandra A.2010.Potential regulatory role of gibberellic acid on sprouting and early stalk growth of sugarcane.Guangxi Agricultural Sciences,(9):1025-1028.
Randoux M,Jeauffre J,Thouroude T,Vasseur F,Hamama L,Juchaux M,Sakr S,Foucher F.2012.Gibberellins regulate the transcription of the continuous flowering regulator,RoKSN,a rose TFL1 homologue.Journal of Experimental Botany,63(18):6543-6554.
Ren Hong-yan,Shi Yan-tong,Guo You-qing,Yuan Tao,Wang Lian-ying.2016.Seed germination of Paeorcia ostii with GA3 and temperature treatments.Journal of Zhejiang A&F University,(3):537-542.(in Chinese)任鸿雁,石颜通,国有清,袁涛,王连英.2016.不同处理对凤丹种子萌发的影响.浙江农林大学学报,(3):537-542.
Rizza A,Walia A,Lanquar V,Frommer W B,Jones A M.2017.In vivo gibberellins gradients visualized in rapidly elongating tissues.Nature Plants,3(10):803-813.
Sandoval-Oliveros R,Guevara-Olvera L,Beltrán J P,Gómez-Mena C,Acosta-García G.2017.Developmental landmarks during floral ontogeny of jalape?o chili pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)and the effect of gibberellin on ovary growth.Plant Reproduction,30(3):119-129.
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