课题参与对博士生科研能力增值的影响——基于全国博士毕业生离校调查数据的分析
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摘要
课题参与是博士生科研能力训练的重要途径和方式。然而,在理论及实践中,我们往往过于关注课题参与数量,而忽视了对课题参与质量的关注和考察。通过对2017年"全国博士毕业生离校调查课题"的8 207份问卷进行统计分析发现:课题参与数量对博士生科研能力增值具有显著正向影响仅在自然学科和社会学科领域得到验证,在人文学科领域并不成立;而课题参与质量对博士生科研能力增值具有显著正向影响在自然学科、社会学科及人文学科均得到支持,并且相较于课题参与数量,课题参与质量对博士生科研能力增值的影响更大。
Project participation is an important approach and major pattern to improve the research skill of doctoral students. However we usually concern more about the number of project participation and put less attention on the quality of it. An empirical research has been conducted to analyze the data of National Doctor Candidates Investigation with 8 207 doctoral candidates questionnaire. The conclusion we draw from this research are as follows: project participation number influence positively on research skill increases of doctoral students in natural sciences and social sciences, but this relationship isn't supported in humanistic sciences; project participation quality affect positively on research skill increases of doctoral students in all discipline; compared with project participation number, the effect of project participation quality on research skill increases in correspondingly bigger.
Project participation is an important approach and major pattern to improve the research skill of doctoral students. However we usually concern more about the number of project participation and put less attention on the quality of it. An empirical research has been conducted to analyze the data of National Doctor Candidates Investigation with 8 207 doctoral candidates questionnaire. The conclusion we draw from this research are as follows: project participation number influence positively on research skill increases of doctoral students in natural sciences and social sciences, but this relationship isn't supported in humanistic sciences; project participation quality affect positively on research skill increases of doctoral students in all discipline; compared with project participation number, the effect of project participation quality on research skill increases in correspondingly bigger.
引文
[1]袁本涛,延建林.我国研究生创新能力现状及其影响因素分析---基于三次研究生教育质量调查的结果[J].北京大学教育评论,2009(2).
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[13]GILMORE J,VIEYRA M,TIMMERMAN B,et al.The relationship between undergraduate research participation and subsequent research performance of early career stem graduate students[J].The Journal of Higher Education,2015,86(6):834-863.
[14]ZUCKERMAN H.Scientific Elite:Nobel Laureates in the United States[M].Transaction Publishers,1977:77-78.
[15]STERNBERG R J,LUBART T I.Defying the Crowd:Cultivating Creativity in a Culture of Conformity[M].New York:Free Press,1995:23.
[16]AMABILE T M.Creativity in Context:Update to the Social Psychology of Creativity[M].UK:Hachette Press,1996:55-56.
[17]KILEY M,WISKER G.Threshold concepts in research education and evidence of threshold crossing[J].Higher Education Research&Development,2009,28(4):431-441.
[18]岳英.重识博士论文的价值危机:知识、技术与权力[J].北京大学教育评论,2018(1).
[19]教育部规划司.中国教育事业统计年鉴2010[Z].北京:人民教育出版社.
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[21]王东芳.学科文化视角下的博士生培养[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2017:162-163.
[2]杨奕虹,甘大广,林霄剑,等.我国博士学位论文被引状况计量分析[J].情报杂志,2015(1).
[3]DELAMONT S,ATKINSON P.Doctoring uncertainty:mastering craft knowledge[J].Social Studies of Science,2001,31(1):87-107.
[4]NERSESSIAN N J.Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Practice[M].Rotterdam,Netherlands:Sensepublishers,2008:72.
[5]BUCHER R,STELLING J G.Becoming Professional[M].London Sage,1977:93
[6]STUCKY A P.Empirical Grounding Of The Nature of Scientific Inquiry:A Study of Developing Researchers[D].Lawrence:University of Kansas,2005.
[7]周文辉,吴晓兵,李明磊.研究生参与导师课题研究的现状与对策[J].清华大学教育研究,2011(4).
[8]赵世奎,张帅,沈文钦.研究生参与科研现状及其对培养质量的影响---基于部分高校和科研单位的调查分析[J].学位与研究生教育,2014(4).
[9]罗尧成,朱永东,杨扬.我国高校博士生参与课题的现状分析及研究建议---基于三所“985工程”高校调查问卷的统计[J].复旦教育论坛,2009(6).
[10]边国英.科研过程、科研能力以及科研训练的特征分析[J].教育学术月刊,2008(5).
[11]伯顿·克拉克.探究的场所:现代大学的科研和研究生教育[M].王承绪,译.杭州:浙江教育出版社,2001:281.
[12]ERICSSON K A,CHARNESS N.Expert performance:its structure and acquisition[J].American Psychologist,1994,49(8):725.
[13]GILMORE J,VIEYRA M,TIMMERMAN B,et al.The relationship between undergraduate research participation and subsequent research performance of early career stem graduate students[J].The Journal of Higher Education,2015,86(6):834-863.
[14]ZUCKERMAN H.Scientific Elite:Nobel Laureates in the United States[M].Transaction Publishers,1977:77-78.
[15]STERNBERG R J,LUBART T I.Defying the Crowd:Cultivating Creativity in a Culture of Conformity[M].New York:Free Press,1995:23.
[16]AMABILE T M.Creativity in Context:Update to the Social Psychology of Creativity[M].UK:Hachette Press,1996:55-56.
[17]KILEY M,WISKER G.Threshold concepts in research education and evidence of threshold crossing[J].Higher Education Research&Development,2009,28(4):431-441.
[18]岳英.重识博士论文的价值危机:知识、技术与权力[J].北京大学教育评论,2018(1).
[19]教育部规划司.中国教育事业统计年鉴2010[Z].北京:人民教育出版社.
[20]教育部规划司.中国教育事业统计年鉴2011[Z].北京:人民教育出版社.
[21]王东芳.学科文化视角下的博士生培养[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2017:162-163.