新时代我国竞技体育改革发展的法治保障——基于《体育法》竞技体育部分修改思路和内容的探讨
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摘要
在全面深化改革、全面依法治国的新时代,积极推进竞技体育改革发展、建设体育强国需要加快修改《体育法》。为深化竞技体育改革提供法律依据,为发展新型竞技体育关系拓展制度空间,为保障运动员权益确立根本遵循,是修改《体育法》竞技体育部分的三大目标。为此,在章节设计上,应将体现竞技体育一般规律的条款提升至总则部分,并限缩解释竞技体育章节为高水平竞技运动,授权国务院制定《职业体育条例》;在竞技体育行政管理体制改革上,应遵循"法无授权不可为"的宪法原则;在竞技体育行业组织自治上,应明确对其法律授权之性质,增加对其市场行为之规制,推动对其内部治理之规范;在专业运动员从事高水平竞技运动上,应厘清在役运动员法律身份,规范运动员选拔行为,完备专业运动员权利保障制度;在兴奋剂依法治理上,应全面推进反兴奋剂工作至所有竞技活动,增加兴奋剂行政执法力度,条款设计体现原则性与操作性相结合;在修改《体育法》工作上,应采取统合立法、民主立法、科学立法、开放立法的基本举措。
In a new era of deepening the overall reforms and fully ruling the country by law, actively promoting reform and development of competitive sports and building a sports powerful country need to accelerate the speed of "Sports Law" amendment.Three major goals of modifying the competitive sports part in the "Sports Law" are to provide a legal basis for deepening reforms of competitive sports, to expand institutional space for developing of new competitive sports relations, and to establish fundamental follow-up for protecting athletes' rights and interests. To this end, on chapter design, clauses embodying the general law of competitive sports should be put in the general provisions, the section of explaining competitive sports should be replaced with highlevel competitive sports, and the State Council should be authorized to formulate the "Professional Sports Regulations". In the process of reforming the administration system of competitive sports, we should abide by constitutional principle of "law without authorization"; on the autonomy of competitive sports industry, we should clarify the nature of its legal authorization, increase its regulation of market behavior, and promote the regulation of its internal governance; on professional athletes engaging in high-level competitive sports, we should clarify the legal identity of active athletes, standardize the selection behavior of athletes, and perfect the rights protection system of professional athletes; on the management of stimulants, we should comprehensively promote antidoping work to all competitive activities, increase the administrative law enforcement of stimulants, and the clause's design should follow principles and be operational. When amending the "Sports Law", we should adopt the basic measures of integration legislation, democratic legislation, scientific legislation and open legislation.
In a new era of deepening the overall reforms and fully ruling the country by law, actively promoting reform and development of competitive sports and building a sports powerful country need to accelerate the speed of "Sports Law" amendment.Three major goals of modifying the competitive sports part in the "Sports Law" are to provide a legal basis for deepening reforms of competitive sports, to expand institutional space for developing of new competitive sports relations, and to establish fundamental follow-up for protecting athletes' rights and interests. To this end, on chapter design, clauses embodying the general law of competitive sports should be put in the general provisions, the section of explaining competitive sports should be replaced with highlevel competitive sports, and the State Council should be authorized to formulate the "Professional Sports Regulations". In the process of reforming the administration system of competitive sports, we should abide by constitutional principle of "law without authorization"; on the autonomy of competitive sports industry, we should clarify the nature of its legal authorization, increase its regulation of market behavior, and promote the regulation of its internal governance; on professional athletes engaging in high-level competitive sports, we should clarify the legal identity of active athletes, standardize the selection behavior of athletes, and perfect the rights protection system of professional athletes; on the management of stimulants, we should comprehensively promote antidoping work to all competitive activities, increase the administrative law enforcement of stimulants, and the clause's design should follow principles and be operational. When amending the "Sports Law", we should adopt the basic measures of integration legislation, democratic legislation, scientific legislation and open legislation.
引文
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王鑫,2011.不服竞技体育裁决不属民事诉讼受案范围[N].人民法院报,2011-11-05(3).
王桢,2018.我国兴奋剂行为的刑法解析--基于行为类型化的思考[J].山东体育学院学报,34(4):18-24.
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肖永平,陈星儒,2018.我国《体育法》中政府职责与体育权利的错位与调适[J].广西大学学报(哲学社会科学版),40(4):96-102,109.
袁永清,2008.我国优秀运动员保障政策研究[G].北京:北京体育大学.
于善旭,2011.论《中华人民共和国体育法》修改的基本路向[J].天津体育学院学报,26(5):369-373.
杨文轩,陈琦,2004.体育原理[M].北京:高等教育出版社.
中共国家体育总局党组,2015.中共国家体育总局党组关于巡视整改情况的通报[EB/OL].[2015-01-26].http://www.xinhuanet.com//legal/2015-01/26/c_1114124437.htm.
LOY J,1969.The Nature of Sport:a definitional effort[G].J.Loy&G.Kenyon ed.Sport,Culture,and Society.The Macmillan:56-71.
关保英,2007.科学立法科学性之解读[J].社会科学,(3):75-91.
高凛,2013.论“部门利益法制化”的遏制[J].政法论丛,(2):67-74.
国务院,2014.国务院关于加快发展体育产业促进体育消费的若干意见[EB/OL].[2014-10-20].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2014-10/20/content_9152.htm.
甘忠荣,2010.信鸽竞翔非竞技体育活动-驳成都市中院信鸽竞翔属竞技体育活动说[EB/OL].[2010-03-31].http://gb.saigew.com/welcome/article?data_id=1500351535885.
姜世波,2015.《中华人民共和国体育法》的司法适用探究[J].天津体育学院学报,30(3):221-227.
刘贵祥,2016.中国体育反垄断第一案[J].法制与经济,(4):20-22.
刘晓红,2016.改革于法有据法治引领改革[N].文汇报,2016-10-16(8).
刘作翔,2018.论重大改革于法有据:改革与法治的良性互动--以相关数据和案例为切入点[J].东方法学,(1):14-21.
戚建刚,2003.论公益机构行为的司法审查范围[J].法学,(7):25-33.
任海,2011.“竞技运动”还是“精英运动”?--对我国“竞技运动”概念的质疑[J].南京体育学院学报(社会科学版),25(6):1-6.
任海,张佃波,单涛,等,2018.体育改革的总体思路和顶层设计研究[J].体育学研究,(1):1-12.
王芬,吴希林,2012.借鉴经验、创新体系,进一步加强我国竞技体育后备人才的培养--中法竞技体育后备人才培养比较及启示[J].北京体育大学学报,35(4):1-6.
王鑫,2011.不服竞技体育裁决不属民事诉讼受案范围[N].人民法院报,2011-11-05(3).
王桢,2018.我国兴奋剂行为的刑法解析--基于行为类型化的思考[J].山东体育学院学报,34(4):18-24.
新浪体育,2002.亚泰律师团首席律师与著名专家再谈亚泰行政诉讼案[EB/OL].[2002-02-06].http://sports.sina.com.cn/b/2002-02-06/06234481.shtml.
肖永平,陈星儒,2018.我国《体育法》中政府职责与体育权利的错位与调适[J].广西大学学报(哲学社会科学版),40(4):96-102,109.
袁永清,2008.我国优秀运动员保障政策研究[G].北京:北京体育大学.
于善旭,2011.论《中华人民共和国体育法》修改的基本路向[J].天津体育学院学报,26(5):369-373.
杨文轩,陈琦,2004.体育原理[M].北京:高等教育出版社.
中共国家体育总局党组,2015.中共国家体育总局党组关于巡视整改情况的通报[EB/OL].[2015-01-26].http://www.xinhuanet.com//legal/2015-01/26/c_1114124437.htm.
LOY J,1969.The Nature of Sport:a definitional effort[G].J.Loy&G.Kenyon ed.Sport,Culture,and Society.The Macmillan:56-71.