“全民健身”与“健康中国”的理论阐释和政策思考
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摘要
为探讨"全民健身与健康中国"的理论体系,在国家、社会和市场的分析视角下,运用比较法和文献资料法对"全民健身"与"健康中国"的理论关系进行研究,认为:1)全民健身的理论框架是政府角色从管理者过渡到治理者,充分利用社会和市场的力量,在国家政策的约束下,充分调动体育社会组织构筑的社会网络的积极性,发挥体育产业网络的行业组织带头作用,满足不同社会阶层的差异化需求; 2)全民健身工作的理论思路是支持体育设施的长效发展、减少社会阶层阻隔,整合现有的体育协会或社会组织,构建体育产业的创新体系,既要完成"传统体育产业+互联网"的转型,又要支持"互联网+体育"新兴产业的发展; 3)全民健身工作纳入健康中国的总体目标是全民健身意识的提高、体育参与度的提高和参与权利的均等化、体育专业化社工的建设、人们身心健康水平的提高。
The purpose of this research was to explore the theoretical system of"National Fitness and Healthy China".The research analyzed the theoretical relation of "National Fitness"and "Healthy China"from the perspectives of government,society and market by comparison method and literature review. Conclusions: 1) The theoretical framework of national fitness is the transition of government's role from manager to administrator,making full use of social and market forces,fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of social network constructed by sports social organizations under the constraints of national policies,giving full play to the leading role of industry organizations of sports industrial networks,and meeting the different needs of different social strata. 2) The working idea of national fitness is to support the long-term development of sports facilities,reduce social class barriers,integrate existing sports associations or social organizations,and build an innovative system of sports industry. It is necessary not only to complete the transformation of"traditional sports industry + internet",but also to support the development of"internet+ sports"emerging industries. 3) The overall goal of incorporating national fitness work into Healthy China is to raise people's awareness of national fitness,increase the degree of sports participation and the equalization of participation rights,and train sports professional social workers,so as to improve people's physical and mental health.
The purpose of this research was to explore the theoretical system of"National Fitness and Healthy China".The research analyzed the theoretical relation of "National Fitness"and "Healthy China"from the perspectives of government,society and market by comparison method and literature review. Conclusions: 1) The theoretical framework of national fitness is the transition of government's role from manager to administrator,making full use of social and market forces,fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of social network constructed by sports social organizations under the constraints of national policies,giving full play to the leading role of industry organizations of sports industrial networks,and meeting the different needs of different social strata. 2) The working idea of national fitness is to support the long-term development of sports facilities,reduce social class barriers,integrate existing sports associations or social organizations,and build an innovative system of sports industry. It is necessary not only to complete the transformation of"traditional sports industry + internet",but also to support the development of"internet+ sports"emerging industries. 3) The overall goal of incorporating national fitness work into Healthy China is to raise people's awareness of national fitness,increase the degree of sports participation and the equalization of participation rights,and train sports professional social workers,so as to improve people's physical and mental health.
引文
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[2]国家体育总局群体司.2014年全民健身活动状况调查公报[R],2015.
[3]国家体育总局.2001—2010年体育改革与发展纲要[J].体育科学,2001,21(3):1-6.
[4]裴立新,李宗浩,董新光.未来10年我国群众体育发展战略研究[J].中国体育科技,2002,38(9):4-8.
[5]鲍明晓.体育大国向体育强国迈进的战略研究[J].南京体育学院学报(社会科学版),2009,23(6):1-6.
[6]贾志强.群众体育,我国体育发展的主旋律[J].北京体育大学学报,2015,38(1):8-14.
[7]胡鞍钢,方旭东,执笔.全民健身国家战略与“十三五”规划[R],2016:1-8.
[8]李强.改革开放30年来中国社会分层结构的变迁[J].北京社会科学,2008(5):47-60.
[9]李强.中国社会分层结构的新变化.中国社会学人类学网[EB/OL].(2008-11-21)[2016-03-15].http://www. sachina. edu. cn/Htmldata/article/2008/11/1514.html.
[10]李毅.中国社会分层的结构与演变[M].美国大学出版社,2005,10:8.
[11] ERIC DUNNING. Sport and the Working Class in Modern Britain Review,A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies,1992,24(3):551-552.
[12] GRATTON,C,TAYLOR,P. Economics of Sport and Recreation[M]. London:Spon,2000.
[13] MICK GREEN. Governing under Advanced Liberalism:Sport Policy and the Social Investment State[J].Policy Science,2007,40(1):55-71.
[14] VAL. D RUST,TERRY SCHOFIELD. The West German Sports Club System:A Model for Lifelong Learning[J]. The Phi Delta Kappan,1978,59(8):543-546.http://www.jstor.org/stable/20299077.
[15]国家体育总局群众体育司编.世界主要发达国家大众体育发展目标与举措资料汇编[Z],2016,3.
[16]刘国永,杨桦.中国群众体育发展报告(2014)[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2014:6-7.