中国火化机烟气中二噁英类物质污染特征研究
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摘要
为研究火化机尾气中二噁英类物质的排放特征,在国内选取了20座火化机作为研究对象,其中10座配备了不同的尾气净化装置(APCD)。结果表明:20座火化机尾气中二噁英类物质为0.02～11.75ng I-TEQ/m~3,平均为3.57ng I-TEQ/m~3,装有APCD的火化机二噁英类物质浓度比没有APCD的大约低52.58%;不同APCD对二噁英类物质的去除效果不一样,干燥洗气塔最好;在相同APCD下,平板火化机排放量总体低于台车火化机。
In order to investigate the emission characteristics of PCDD/Fs,20 crematories in China were determined,and 10 were equipped with air pollution control devices(APCD).Results showed that the concentrations of PCDD/Fs were 0.02-11.75 ng I-TEQ/m~3 with average value of 3.57 ng I-TEQ/m~3,and the concentrations from crematories with APCD were about 52.58%less than those without APCD.Different APCD had the different removal efficiency.The dry drubber method was best.The concentrations from the flat-panel cremators were low than the trolley cremators if the APCD were the same.
In order to investigate the emission characteristics of PCDD/Fs,20 crematories in China were determined,and 10 were equipped with air pollution control devices(APCD).Results showed that the concentrations of PCDD/Fs were 0.02-11.75 ng I-TEQ/m~3 with average value of 3.57 ng I-TEQ/m~3,and the concentrations from crematories with APCD were about 52.58%less than those without APCD.Different APCD had the different removal efficiency.The dry drubber method was best.The concentrations from the flat-panel cremators were low than the trolley cremators if the APCD were the same.
引文
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[12]熊程程,王玮,李大涛,等.火化烟气中二噁英类排放特征及其对周边环境影响研究[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(9):192-197.
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[14]王玮,肖成龙,姜思朋,等.火化过程中二噁英类污染物减排技术研究[J].环境污染与防治,2006,28(10):786-787,795.
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[17]ROLAND W,HANSPAUL H.PCDD/PCDF formation in fluidized bed incineration[J].Chemosphere,1999,38(11):2643-2654.
[18]陈彤,李晓东,严建华,等.垃圾焚烧炉飞灰中二噁英的分布特性[J].燃料化学学报,2004,32(1):59-64.
[19]李晓东,邱坤赞,徐旭,等.城市生活垃圾流化床焚烧时PC-DD/Fs排放特性的研究[J].工程热物理学报,2001,22(4):526-528.
[2]BACCARELLI A,MOCARELLI P,PATTERSON D G,et al.Immunologic effects of dioxin:new results from Seveso and comparison with other studies[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2002,110(12):1169-1173.
[3]LAUER F T,MITCHELL L A,BEDRICK E,et al.Temporalspatial analysis of US-Mexico border environmental fine and coarse PM air sample extract activity in human bronchial epithelial cells[J].Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,2009,238(1):1-10.
[4]BROOK R D,FRANKLIN B,CASCIO W,et al.Air pollution and cardiovascular disease-a statement for healthcare professionals from the expert panel on population and prevention science of the American Heart Association[J].Circulation,2004,109(21):2655-2671.
[5]HUTZINGER O,FIEDLER H.From source to exposures:some open questions[J].Chemosphere,1993,27(1/2/3):121-129.
[6]TAKEDA N,TAKAOKA M,FUJIWARA T,et al.Measures to prevent emissions of PCDD/DFs and co-planar PCBs from crematories in Japan[J].Chemosphere,2001,43(4/5/6/7):763-771.
[7]EDULJEE G H,DYKE P.An updated inventory of potential PCDD and PCDF emission sources in the UK[J].Science of the Total Environment,1996,177(1/2/3):303-321.
[8]中国殡葬协会.关于中国殡葬协会基本情况和业务内容的说明[EB/OL].[2018-11-30].http://www.chinabz.org/xwzx/dfdt/3293.html.
[9]薛亦峰,闫静,田贺忠,等.北京市火葬场大气污染物排放现状及污染特征[J].环境科学,2015,36(6):1959-1966.
[10]任玥,田洪海,李楠,等.燃油式火化机排放烟气中二噁英类污染水平和排放特征[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(11):1245-1250.
[11]尹文华,李旭东,冯桂贤,等.火化机中二噁英的排放特征和指示物的研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(12):4670-4676.
[12]熊程程,王玮,李大涛,等.火化烟气中二噁英类排放特征及其对周边环境影响研究[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(9):192-197.
[13]WANG L C,LEE W J,LEE W S,et al.Characterizing the emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from crematories and their impacts to the surrounding environment[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2003,37(1).
[14]王玮,肖成龙,姜思朋,等.火化过程中二噁英类污染物减排技术研究[J].环境污染与防治,2006,28(10):786-787,795.
[15]HEIDELORE F.Thailand dioxin sampling and analysis program[R].Geneva:UNEP Chemicals,2001.
[16]TAKEDA N,TAKAOKA M,FUJIWARA T,et al.PCDDs/DFs emissions from crematories in Japan[J].Chemosphere,2000,40(6):575-586.
[17]ROLAND W,HANSPAUL H.PCDD/PCDF formation in fluidized bed incineration[J].Chemosphere,1999,38(11):2643-2654.
[18]陈彤,李晓东,严建华,等.垃圾焚烧炉飞灰中二噁英的分布特性[J].燃料化学学报,2004,32(1):59-64.
[19]李晓东,邱坤赞,徐旭,等.城市生活垃圾流化床焚烧时PC-DD/Fs排放特性的研究[J].工程热物理学报,2001,22(4):526-528.