原茬地大豆垄上双行开沟器结构参数优化
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摘要
针对大豆垄上双行免耕播种作业过程中开沟器入土困难、开沟器堵塞、种沟构建质量差等问题,设计原茬地大豆垄上双行开沟器结构参数优化试验。通过分析工作过程中土壤颗粒在导流板表面运动规律,确定影响土壤颗粒运动规律关键结构与作业参数。采用四因素三水平正交试验方法,以分土角、运土角、导流角为试验因素,开沟深度变异系数和横向粒距变异系数为评价指标。优化结果为在作业速度8 km·h-1条件下,分土角65°,运土角30°,导流角45°时,开沟深度变异系数0.091、横向粒距变异系数0.035,作业过程无堵塞现象。将结构参数优化后双行开沟器与分体式双圆盘开沟器作比较试验,结果表明,开沟深度合格率提高11%,种子粒距横向分布合格率提高32%,开沟深度变异系数降低43.5%,横向粒距变异系数降低66.6%。研究结果为原茬地作物双行免耕播种机具推广应用提供技术支撑。
In order to solve the problems of poor quality of planting ditch construction, difficulties of soil entry and blockage of furrow opener during no-tillage sowing of double-row soybean on ridge, a double-row furrow opener for soybean in original stubble field was designed. The movement of soil particles on the surface of diversion plate was analyzed, and the key structure and operation parameters affecting the movement of soil particles were determined. Four-factor and three-level orthogonal test method was adopted. Soil separation angle, soil transport angle and guiding angle were taken as test factors, and variation coefficient of ditch depth and variation coefficient of transverse grain spacing were taken as evaluation indices. The results showed that under the condition of 8 km · h-1 working speed, soil separation angle 65°, soil transport angle 30° and guiding angle 45°, the coefficient of variation of ditch depth was 0.091, the coefficient of variation of transverse grain spacing was 0.035, and there was no blockage in the working process. The results showed that the qualified rate of ditching depth increased by 11%, the qualified rate of transverse distribution of seed spacing increased by 32%,the coefficient of variation of ditching depth decreased by 43.5%, and the coefficient of variation of transverse grain spacing decreased by 66.6%. The research results provided theoretical and experimental support for the design of double-row furrow opener for no-tillage sowing of original stubble land.
In order to solve the problems of poor quality of planting ditch construction, difficulties of soil entry and blockage of furrow opener during no-tillage sowing of double-row soybean on ridge, a double-row furrow opener for soybean in original stubble field was designed. The movement of soil particles on the surface of diversion plate was analyzed, and the key structure and operation parameters affecting the movement of soil particles were determined. Four-factor and three-level orthogonal test method was adopted. Soil separation angle, soil transport angle and guiding angle were taken as test factors, and variation coefficient of ditch depth and variation coefficient of transverse grain spacing were taken as evaluation indices. The results showed that under the condition of 8 km · h-1 working speed, soil separation angle 65°, soil transport angle 30° and guiding angle 45°, the coefficient of variation of ditch depth was 0.091, the coefficient of variation of transverse grain spacing was 0.035, and there was no blockage in the working process. The results showed that the qualified rate of ditching depth increased by 11%, the qualified rate of transverse distribution of seed spacing increased by 32%,the coefficient of variation of ditching depth decreased by 43.5%, and the coefficient of variation of transverse grain spacing decreased by 66.6%. The research results provided theoretical and experimental support for the design of double-row furrow opener for no-tillage sowing of original stubble land.
引文
[1]郑嘉鑫.大豆精密播种机种沟构建技术及开沟装置研究[D].长春:吉林大学, 2017.
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[6]赵淑红,谭贺文,王加一,等.多功能集成式播种开沟器的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报, 2018, 34(11):58-67.
[7]吕金庆,衣淑娟,陶桂香,等.马铃薯播种机分体式滑刀开沟器参数优化与试验[J].农业工程学报, 2018, 34(2):44-54.
[8]刘晓鹏,肖文立,马磊,等.油菜联合直播机组合式船型开沟器设计与开沟质量试验[J].农业机械学报, 2017, 48(11):79-87.
[9]顾耀权,贾洪雷,郭慧,等.滑刀式开沟器设计与试验[J].农业机械学报, 2013, 44(2):38-42.
[10]王继山.免耕播种机开沟器的分析与研究[J].山西农业大学学报, 2007, 6(5):7-10.
[11]格亚捷夫J B.犁体曲面理论[M].北京:中国工业出版社, 1964.
[12]马云海,马圣胜,贾洪雷,等.仿生波纹形开沟器减黏降阻性能测试与分析[J].农业工程学报, 2014, 30(5):36-41.
[13] Aliakbar S, John M F, Jacky M A D, et al. Soil translocation by narrow openers with various bent leg geometries[J]. Biosystems Engineering, 2014, 127:41-49.
[14] NY/T503~2002.中耕作物单粒(精密)播种机作业质量[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2002.
[15]杨然兵,杨红光,连政国,等.马铃薯种植机分层施肥开沟器设计与试验[J].农业机械学报, 2018, 49(11):104-113.
[2]赵淑红,谭贺文,陈君执,等.深施肥条件下双圆盘播种开沟器性能优化[J].东北农业大学学报, 2017, 48(11):86-96.
[3]贾洪雷,郑嘉鑫,袁洪方,等.仿形滑刀式开沟器设计与试验[J].农业工程学报, 2017, 33(4):16-24.
[4]王庆杰,姚宗路,高焕文,等.楔刀型免耕开沟器设计与试验[J].机械工程学报, 2008, 44(9):177-82.
[5]贾洪雷,郑嘉鑫,袁洪方,等.大豆播种机双V型筑沟器设计与试验[J].吉林大学学报, 2017, 47(1):323-331.
[6]赵淑红,谭贺文,王加一,等.多功能集成式播种开沟器的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报, 2018, 34(11):58-67.
[7]吕金庆,衣淑娟,陶桂香,等.马铃薯播种机分体式滑刀开沟器参数优化与试验[J].农业工程学报, 2018, 34(2):44-54.
[8]刘晓鹏,肖文立,马磊,等.油菜联合直播机组合式船型开沟器设计与开沟质量试验[J].农业机械学报, 2017, 48(11):79-87.
[9]顾耀权,贾洪雷,郭慧,等.滑刀式开沟器设计与试验[J].农业机械学报, 2013, 44(2):38-42.
[10]王继山.免耕播种机开沟器的分析与研究[J].山西农业大学学报, 2007, 6(5):7-10.
[11]格亚捷夫J B.犁体曲面理论[M].北京:中国工业出版社, 1964.
[12]马云海,马圣胜,贾洪雷,等.仿生波纹形开沟器减黏降阻性能测试与分析[J].农业工程学报, 2014, 30(5):36-41.
[13] Aliakbar S, John M F, Jacky M A D, et al. Soil translocation by narrow openers with various bent leg geometries[J]. Biosystems Engineering, 2014, 127:41-49.
[14] NY/T503~2002.中耕作物单粒(精密)播种机作业质量[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2002.
[15]杨然兵,杨红光,连政国,等.马铃薯种植机分层施肥开沟器设计与试验[J].农业机械学报, 2018, 49(11):104-113.