玉米–大豆带状种植中套作高光效玉米窄行穂位叶光合特性对弱光胁迫的响应
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摘要
玉米–大豆带状套作模式下,宽窄行种植玉米,窄行叶片存在着明显的光限制现象。采用低(A1:众望玉18)、中(A2:川单418)、高(A3:荣玉1210)光效玉米品种,玉米–大豆带状套作种植模式,带宽固定为2 m,每带种植2行玉米2行大豆,设置大豆行距40 cm和玉米不同的窄行行距(B1:20 cm; B2:40 cm; B3:单作)。探究套作高光效玉米窄行穂位叶在不同窄行光胁迫下的光合指标差异。结果表明,与低光效和中光效品种玉米相比,套作常规行距(40cm)下,高光效玉米品种(荣玉1210)窄行穗位叶光合速率、PEPCase活性分别显著高出46.9%、230.1%和11.8%、13.98%;对弱光(10:00前、16:00后)的利用效率及叶绿体结构完整程度较高,而叶绿素初始荧光(Fo)和最大荧光(Fm)较低;随套作窄行行距减小,3类品种玉米窄行穗位叶光合速率、光合作用关键酶活性均呈下降趋势,叶绿素初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)及有效光化学量子产量(Fv'/Fm')均呈现不同程度的升高,但均以套作高光效玉米变化幅度最小。套作高光效玉米在套作环境中窄行穗位叶的光合速率、光合作用关键酶活性、产量与单作差异均未达显著水平,而低光效玉米和中光效玉米套作与单作相比,光合速率、PEPCase活性显著降低28.9%、24.2%和7.4%、5.5%。因此,不同玉米品种适应套作窄行光胁迫的能力差异显著,套作高光效玉米(荣玉1210)在套作条件下仍具有相对理想的光合生理指标,这为其适应套作光环境并获得高产提供了理论依据。
The photosynthesis of maize is inhibited in narrow row under maize–soybean relay strip intercropping system.In order to explore the internal mechanisms of photosynthesis characteristics responding to low light stress in ear leaf of intercropped maize cultivars with high photosynthetic efficiency,the low(A1:Zhongwangyu 18),middle(A2:Chuandan 418),and high(A3:Rongyu 1210) photosynthetic efficiency maize varieties were grown in maize–soybean strip intercropping system(two rows of maize intercropped with two rows of soybean) with different narrow spaces(B1:20 cm;B2:40 cm;B3:monoculture).The photosynthetic rate and PEPCase activity of "Rongyu 1210" were significantly higher than those of "Zhongwangyu 18" and "Chuandan 418",respectively under the conventional row spacing(40 cm) and low light intensity conditions(before 10 a.m.,after 4 p.m.).Additionally,"Rongyu 1210" had more complete chloroplast structure,which might result in lower initial fluorescence(Fo) and maximum fluorescence(Fm) of chlorophyll compared with "Zhongwangyu 18" and "Chuandan 418".The Pn and activities of key enzymes decreased,but the initial fluorescence(Fo),maximum fluorescence(Fm) and effective photochemical quantum yield(Fv'/Fm') of chlorophyll increased with the decreasing narrow row spacing,Interestingly,the above indexes of "Rongyu 1210"were stable under the variable light environment.The photosynthetic rate,photosynthetic key enzyme activities,and yield of"Rongyu 1210" between monoculture and intercropping were not significantly different.However,the photosynthetic rate and PEPCase activity of "Zhongwangyu 18" and "Chuandan 418" in intercropping decreased by 28.9%,24.2% and 7.4%,5.5% compared with that in monoculture,respectively.In conclusion,the response of maize varieties to shade conditions in narrow row under intercropping system is different.Rongyu 1210,with a positive responding,that has better physiological indexes in photosynthesis than the other two maize varieties in the intercropping system.These results provide a theoretical explanation for excellent adaptability to the lower light environment and high yield in Rongyu 1210 under maize–soybean intercropping strip system.
The photosynthesis of maize is inhibited in narrow row under maize–soybean relay strip intercropping system.In order to explore the internal mechanisms of photosynthesis characteristics responding to low light stress in ear leaf of intercropped maize cultivars with high photosynthetic efficiency,the low(A1:Zhongwangyu 18),middle(A2:Chuandan 418),and high(A3:Rongyu 1210) photosynthetic efficiency maize varieties were grown in maize–soybean strip intercropping system(two rows of maize intercropped with two rows of soybean) with different narrow spaces(B1:20 cm;B2:40 cm;B3:monoculture).The photosynthetic rate and PEPCase activity of "Rongyu 1210" were significantly higher than those of "Zhongwangyu 18" and "Chuandan 418",respectively under the conventional row spacing(40 cm) and low light intensity conditions(before 10 a.m.,after 4 p.m.).Additionally,"Rongyu 1210" had more complete chloroplast structure,which might result in lower initial fluorescence(Fo) and maximum fluorescence(Fm) of chlorophyll compared with "Zhongwangyu 18" and "Chuandan 418".The Pn and activities of key enzymes decreased,but the initial fluorescence(Fo),maximum fluorescence(Fm) and effective photochemical quantum yield(Fv'/Fm') of chlorophyll increased with the decreasing narrow row spacing,Interestingly,the above indexes of "Rongyu 1210"were stable under the variable light environment.The photosynthetic rate,photosynthetic key enzyme activities,and yield of"Rongyu 1210" between monoculture and intercropping were not significantly different.However,the photosynthetic rate and PEPCase activity of "Zhongwangyu 18" and "Chuandan 418" in intercropping decreased by 28.9%,24.2% and 7.4%,5.5% compared with that in monoculture,respectively.In conclusion,the response of maize varieties to shade conditions in narrow row under intercropping system is different.Rongyu 1210,with a positive responding,that has better physiological indexes in photosynthesis than the other two maize varieties in the intercropping system.These results provide a theoretical explanation for excellent adaptability to the lower light environment and high yield in Rongyu 1210 under maize–soybean intercropping strip system.
引文
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