温度对荔枝异形小卷蛾发育和繁殖的影响
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摘要
荔枝异形小卷蛾的蛀梢为害是珍贵树种格木人工林健康发展的主要限制因子。依据其天然分布和潜在推广区的温度范围设置系列温度梯度,探讨温度对荔枝异形小卷蛾发育和繁殖的综合影响。结果显示,温度对荔枝异形小卷蛾各阶段的发育历期具有显著影响,在研究温度范围内,发育历期随温度升高呈显著地下降趋势,世代历期在18℃时为66.87 d,30℃时降至35.77 d。预蛹和蛹的存活率对温度的响应不敏感,而卵、幼虫、成虫的存活率和世代存活率以及产卵量均随温度升高表现为先上升后下降的变化趋势,且繁殖力对温度的反映较存活率敏感,其存活率和繁殖力在18℃时均最低,分别为41.20%和13.90粒,在27℃时发育最适,分别为83.80%和45.40粒,在30℃时虽有下降,分别为66.00%和32.40粒,但仍高于18℃时,即其对低温较高温敏感。荔枝异形小卷蛾完整世代发育起点温度为5.77℃,所需有效积温为876.76 d℃,其中幼虫发育所需有效积温最高,占整个历期的45.23%,发育速率与温度显著正相关。根据荔枝异形小卷蛾为害方式、发育和繁殖特征分析可知,在低温地区其幼虫期长,但世代数少、存活率和繁殖力低,对寄主植物受害部位的单次为害程度严重;在高温地区则幼虫期短,但世代数多、存活率和繁殖力高,对寄主植物受害部位的单次为害程度低,但更为频繁,持续为害程度高。研究结果对于不同地区选择荔枝异形小卷蛾的防治具有借鉴意义,同时有助于指导格木人工林的合理推广和健康发展。
The damage caused by Cryptophlebia ombrodelta(Lower)(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on the shoots Erythrophleum fordii, a precious species in south China, is the main restraint on this plant′s plantation promotion and healthy development. The comprehensive influence of temperature on the development and reproduction of C. ombrodelta were investigated using a series of temperature tests, which were based on the temperature range of E. fordii in a natural distribution and potential extension area. The results showed that the effect of temperature on the developmental stages of C. ombrodelta were significant within the temperature range. The developmental stages decreased significantly with an increase in temperature; generation duration was 66.87 d at 18℃ and decreased to 35.77 d at 30℃. The survival rate of eggs, larvae, and adult generation and fecundity first significantly increased then decreased with an increase in temperature; the effects of temperature on pre-pupae and pupae were not significant, and fecundity, rather than survival rates, was more sensitive to temperature. The survival rates and fecundity, at 41.20% and 13.90 eggs, respectively, were the lowest at 18℃, and the survival rates and fecundity, at 83.80% and 45.40 eggs, respectively, reached the maximum at 27℃; this was the most appropriate developmental temperature for C. ombrodelta, since the survival rates and fecundity decreased to 66.00% and 32.43 eggs, respectively, at 30℃, but the survival rates and fecundity were higher at 18℃; therefore, the survival rate and fecundity were more sensitive to low temperatures than to high temperatures. The developmental temperature threshold and the effective accumulated temperature were 5.77℃ and 876.76 d ℃, respectively. The effective accumulated temperature of larvae was the highest among the developmental stages, and the proportion of the larval stage accounted for 45.23% of the whole generation. The developmental rates were positively correlated with temperature; eggs and pupae had the fastest developmental rates, followed by pupae and adults, and that of the larvae was the slowest. The stages with faster developmental rates were more sensitive to temperature. It can be deduced that when the larval duration of C. ombrodelta was longer, the generation time per year was less, and the survival rate and fecundity were lower. Therefore, the damage to the bored parts of the host plant, E. fordii, is more serious in low temperature regions. When the larval stage of C. ombrodelta was relatively shorter, the generation time per year was higher, and survival rate and fecundity were higher in high temperature regions; therefore, the degree of damage to the bored parts of host plant, E. fordii, is lower in every generation than which in low temperature regions, but the occurrence of damage is more frequent. These results provide a reference for the prevention and control of C. ombrodelta in different temperature regions, which could help guide the reasonable extension and healthy development of E. fordii plantations.
The damage caused by Cryptophlebia ombrodelta(Lower)(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on the shoots Erythrophleum fordii, a precious species in south China, is the main restraint on this plant′s plantation promotion and healthy development. The comprehensive influence of temperature on the development and reproduction of C. ombrodelta were investigated using a series of temperature tests, which were based on the temperature range of E. fordii in a natural distribution and potential extension area. The results showed that the effect of temperature on the developmental stages of C. ombrodelta were significant within the temperature range. The developmental stages decreased significantly with an increase in temperature; generation duration was 66.87 d at 18℃ and decreased to 35.77 d at 30℃. The survival rate of eggs, larvae, and adult generation and fecundity first significantly increased then decreased with an increase in temperature; the effects of temperature on pre-pupae and pupae were not significant, and fecundity, rather than survival rates, was more sensitive to temperature. The survival rates and fecundity, at 41.20% and 13.90 eggs, respectively, were the lowest at 18℃, and the survival rates and fecundity, at 83.80% and 45.40 eggs, respectively, reached the maximum at 27℃; this was the most appropriate developmental temperature for C. ombrodelta, since the survival rates and fecundity decreased to 66.00% and 32.43 eggs, respectively, at 30℃, but the survival rates and fecundity were higher at 18℃; therefore, the survival rate and fecundity were more sensitive to low temperatures than to high temperatures. The developmental temperature threshold and the effective accumulated temperature were 5.77℃ and 876.76 d ℃, respectively. The effective accumulated temperature of larvae was the highest among the developmental stages, and the proportion of the larval stage accounted for 45.23% of the whole generation. The developmental rates were positively correlated with temperature; eggs and pupae had the fastest developmental rates, followed by pupae and adults, and that of the larvae was the slowest. The stages with faster developmental rates were more sensitive to temperature. It can be deduced that when the larval duration of C. ombrodelta was longer, the generation time per year was less, and the survival rate and fecundity were lower. Therefore, the damage to the bored parts of the host plant, E. fordii, is more serious in low temperature regions. When the larval stage of C. ombrodelta was relatively shorter, the generation time per year was higher, and survival rate and fecundity were higher in high temperature regions; therefore, the degree of damage to the bored parts of host plant, E. fordii, is lower in every generation than which in low temperature regions, but the occurrence of damage is more frequent. These results provide a reference for the prevention and control of C. ombrodelta in different temperature regions, which could help guide the reasonable extension and healthy development of E. fordii plantations.
引文
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[10] 李孟楼,王鸿哲,张学武.生物多样性与林分抗虫性的评判.西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2004,32(3):65- 68.
[11] 盛炜彤.人工林的生物学稳定性与可持续经营.世界林业研究,2001,14(6):14- 21.
[12] 刘世荣,温远光,蔡道雄,朱宏光,黄雪蔓,李晓琼.气候变化对森林的影响与多尺度适应性管理研究进展.广西科学,2014,21(5):419- 435.
[13] 赵志刚,郭俊杰,沙二,林开勤,曾杰,徐建民.我国格木的地理分布与种实表型变异.植物学报,2009,44(3):338- 344.
[14] 赵志刚,王敏,曾冀,莫洪荣,郭俊杰,曾杰.珍稀树种格木蛀梢害虫的种类鉴定与发生规律初报.环境昆虫学报,2013,35(4):534- 538.
[15] 刘友樵,李广武.中国动物志:昆虫纲.第二十七卷,鳞翅目:卷蛾科.北京:科学出版社,2002:397- 398.
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[17] 张孝羲.昆虫生态及预测预报(第三版).北京:中国农业出版社,2002:217- 220.
[18] 王蕾,张怡婷,张圣新,范德玲,汪贞,石利利,刘济宁.环境条件对伸展摇蚊实验种群繁育的影响.生态学报,2017,37(21):7152- 7160.
[19] 姚洁,戴仁怀,代传勇,杨洪.温度对菜豆象发育和繁殖的影响.昆虫学报,2016,59(7):739- 746.
[20] 陈科伟,何余容,吕燕青,吕欣,黄寿山.温度对卷蛾分索赤眼蜂种群参数的影响.生态学报,2005,25(1):73- 77.
[21] 杨群芳,王慧,李庆,王海建,蒋春先.温度对食菌小蠹光滑足距小蠹实验种群发育和繁殖的影响.昆虫学报,2010,53(12):1382- 1389.
[22] 王俊雅,李孟楼,王云果,贺虹,王宏涛.温度对杜仲梦尼夜蛾生长发育及取食量和排粪量的影响.西北林学院学报,2016,31(6):204- 209,231- 231.
[23] 张云慧,彭赫,张智,李祥瑞,刘勇,王海英,原国辉,程登发.温度和食料对白眉野草螟幼虫生长发育的影响.昆虫学报,2015,58(2):169- 174.
[2] 陈瑜,马春森.气候变暖对昆虫影响研究进展.生态学报,2010,30(8):2159- 2172.
[3] Raza M M,Khan M A,Arshad M,Sagheer M,Sattar Z,Shafi J,Haq E U,Ali A,Aslam U,Mushtaq A,Ishfaq I,Sabir Z,Sattar A.Impact of global warming on insects.Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection,2015,48(1):84- 94.
[4] 张鹤,林进添.昆虫对全球气候变暖的响应.环境昆虫学报,2015,37(6):1280- 1286.
[5] Deutsch C A,Tewksbury J J,Huey R B,Sheldon K S,Ghalambor C K,Haak D C,Martin P R.Impacts of climate warming on terrestrial ectotherms across latitude.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2008,105(18):6668- 6672.
[6] Hódar J A,Zamora R.Herbivory and climatic warming:a Mediterranean outbreaking caterpillar attacks a relict,boreal pine species.Biodiversity & Conservation,2004,13(3):493- 500.
[7] 徐川峰,骆丹,殷立新,刘兴平.温度对樟叶蜂生长发育和繁殖的影响.昆虫学报,2017,60(10):1216- 1225.
[8] 魏建荣,杨忠岐,戴建青,杜家纬.树木-蛀干昆虫-天敌昆虫间的三级营养关系.应用生态学报,2007,18(5):1127- 1131.
[9] 郝德君,王焱,戴华国,马凤林,沈凤琴.中国人工林害虫生态治理策略及技术展望.东北林业大学学报,2004,32(6):84- 86.
[10] 李孟楼,王鸿哲,张学武.生物多样性与林分抗虫性的评判.西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2004,32(3):65- 68.
[11] 盛炜彤.人工林的生物学稳定性与可持续经营.世界林业研究,2001,14(6):14- 21.
[12] 刘世荣,温远光,蔡道雄,朱宏光,黄雪蔓,李晓琼.气候变化对森林的影响与多尺度适应性管理研究进展.广西科学,2014,21(5):419- 435.
[13] 赵志刚,郭俊杰,沙二,林开勤,曾杰,徐建民.我国格木的地理分布与种实表型变异.植物学报,2009,44(3):338- 344.
[14] 赵志刚,王敏,曾冀,莫洪荣,郭俊杰,曾杰.珍稀树种格木蛀梢害虫的种类鉴定与发生规律初报.环境昆虫学报,2013,35(4):534- 538.
[15] 刘友樵,李广武.中国动物志:昆虫纲.第二十七卷,鳞翅目:卷蛾科.北京:科学出版社,2002:397- 398.
[16] 何衍彪,詹儒林.荔枝异形小卷蛾的发生及防治.广西农业科学,2006,37(3):280- 281.
[17] 张孝羲.昆虫生态及预测预报(第三版).北京:中国农业出版社,2002:217- 220.
[18] 王蕾,张怡婷,张圣新,范德玲,汪贞,石利利,刘济宁.环境条件对伸展摇蚊实验种群繁育的影响.生态学报,2017,37(21):7152- 7160.
[19] 姚洁,戴仁怀,代传勇,杨洪.温度对菜豆象发育和繁殖的影响.昆虫学报,2016,59(7):739- 746.
[20] 陈科伟,何余容,吕燕青,吕欣,黄寿山.温度对卷蛾分索赤眼蜂种群参数的影响.生态学报,2005,25(1):73- 77.
[21] 杨群芳,王慧,李庆,王海建,蒋春先.温度对食菌小蠹光滑足距小蠹实验种群发育和繁殖的影响.昆虫学报,2010,53(12):1382- 1389.
[22] 王俊雅,李孟楼,王云果,贺虹,王宏涛.温度对杜仲梦尼夜蛾生长发育及取食量和排粪量的影响.西北林学院学报,2016,31(6):204- 209,231- 231.
[23] 张云慧,彭赫,张智,李祥瑞,刘勇,王海英,原国辉,程登发.温度和食料对白眉野草螟幼虫生长发育的影响.昆虫学报,2015,58(2):169- 174.