外源香豆素和咖啡酸对紫花苜蓿根系形态建成与解剖结构的影响
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摘要
香豆素、咖啡酸为紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)主要自毒物质。本研究采用营养液沙培法,对甘农9号紫花苜蓿进行浓度梯度为0,0.5,5,50,500mg·L~(-1)的外源香豆素、咖啡酸分别单种物质添加和混合物质添加试验,运用石蜡切片技术和根系扫描系统,比较研究外源添加物对苜蓿总根长、总根表面积、根体积、根尖数等根系形态指标与根粗、皮层厚度、中柱直径及发育、导管数量及面积等解剖结构指标的影响,为进一步研究香豆素和咖啡酸对紫花苜蓿生长和发育影响机理提供依据。结果表明:苜蓿总根长、总根表面积、根体积、根尖数等根系形态指标在低浓度(0.5mg·L~(-1))香豆素、咖啡酸及混合物作用下均呈促进作用,当添加物浓度增至50mg·L~(-1)及以上时,呈自毒抑制作用。苜蓿根粗、皮层厚度、中柱直径及发育、导管数量及面积等内部解剖结构在浓度低于5mg·L~(-1)的香豆素和混合物作用下呈促进作用,在高于50mg·L~(-1)的咖啡酸和混合物处理下呈自毒抑制作用。根系外部形态和内部解剖结构在低浓度(0.5mg·L~(-1))处理时,混合物的促进作用显著强于单体香豆素和咖啡酸(P<0.05),促进作用由强至弱的顺序为:混合物>香豆素>咖啡酸,在高浓度(500mg·L~(-1))处理时,香豆素和混合物的自毒抑制作用显著强于单体咖啡酸处理(P<0.05),抑制综合效应由强到弱依次为:香豆素>混合物>咖啡酸。
Coumarin and Caffeic acid were identified as the major autotoxins of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.).To provide a basis for further understanding their effects on the growth and development of alfalfa,an experiment of the nutrient solution sand culture was used with addition of exogenous coumarin,caffeic acid and their mixture at concentration gradient of 0,0.5,5,50,500 mg·L~(-1).‘Gannong No.9'alfalfa was used here.Paraffin Sectioning Technique and the root scanning system were used to compare the effects of exogenous additives on the root morphological parameters such as total root length,total root surface area,root volume,and root tip number and on root anatomical indexes such as root thickness,cortical thickness,diameter and development of vascular cylinder,number and area of xylem vessels.The results showed that root morphological parameters such as total root length,total root surface area,root volume,and root tip number of the alfalfa were promoted under low concentration(0.5 mg·L~(-1))of coumarin,caffeic acid and mixture.When the concentration of the additives increased to 50 mg·L~(-1) or above,it showed autotoxic inhibition effects.The root anatomical indexes such as root thickness,cortical thickness,diameter and development of vascular cylinder,number and area of xylem vessels were promoted by coumarin and mixture at concentrations less than 5 mg·L~(-1).And autotoxic inhibition effects by caffeic acid and mixture were at concentrations higher than 50 mg·L~(-1).For the external morphology and internal anatomical structure of roots at low concentration(0.5 mg·L~(-1))treatments,the promoting effect of the mixture was significantly stronger than the monomeric coumarin and caffeic acid(P<0.05),and the order of promotion from strong to weak was as follows:mixture>coumarin>caffeic acid.At high concentration(500 mg·L~(-1)),the autotoxic inhibition effects of coumarin and mixture was significantly stronger than the caffeic acid(P<0.05),the order of overall inhibition effect was as follows:coumarin> mixture>caffeic acid.
Coumarin and Caffeic acid were identified as the major autotoxins of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.).To provide a basis for further understanding their effects on the growth and development of alfalfa,an experiment of the nutrient solution sand culture was used with addition of exogenous coumarin,caffeic acid and their mixture at concentration gradient of 0,0.5,5,50,500 mg·L~(-1).‘Gannong No.9'alfalfa was used here.Paraffin Sectioning Technique and the root scanning system were used to compare the effects of exogenous additives on the root morphological parameters such as total root length,total root surface area,root volume,and root tip number and on root anatomical indexes such as root thickness,cortical thickness,diameter and development of vascular cylinder,number and area of xylem vessels.The results showed that root morphological parameters such as total root length,total root surface area,root volume,and root tip number of the alfalfa were promoted under low concentration(0.5 mg·L~(-1))of coumarin,caffeic acid and mixture.When the concentration of the additives increased to 50 mg·L~(-1) or above,it showed autotoxic inhibition effects.The root anatomical indexes such as root thickness,cortical thickness,diameter and development of vascular cylinder,number and area of xylem vessels were promoted by coumarin and mixture at concentrations less than 5 mg·L~(-1).And autotoxic inhibition effects by caffeic acid and mixture were at concentrations higher than 50 mg·L~(-1).For the external morphology and internal anatomical structure of roots at low concentration(0.5 mg·L~(-1))treatments,the promoting effect of the mixture was significantly stronger than the monomeric coumarin and caffeic acid(P<0.05),and the order of promotion from strong to weak was as follows:mixture>coumarin>caffeic acid.At high concentration(500 mg·L~(-1)),the autotoxic inhibition effects of coumarin and mixture was significantly stronger than the caffeic acid(P<0.05),the order of overall inhibition effect was as follows:coumarin> mixture>caffeic acid.
引文
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[10]姚丹丹,王婧怡,周倩,等.香豆素对多花黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长化感作用的机理研究[J].草业学报,2017,26(2):136-145
[11]邬彩霞,赵国琦,刘苏娇,等.黄花草木樨水浸液中香豆素的含量及其对7种植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].草业科学,2014,31(12):2262-2269
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[13]Guo Y L,Fu H Y,Huang G H,et al.Allelopathy effects of ferulic acid and coumarin on Microcystis aeruginosa[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(4):1492-1497
[14]Wu C X,Zhao G Q,Liu D L,et al.Discovery and Weed Inhibition Effects of Coumarin as the Predominant Allelochemical of Yellow Sweetclover(Melilotus officinalis)[J].International Journal of Agriculture&Biology,2016,18(1):168-175
[15]郭凯,燕志强,金辉,等.肉桂酸和咖啡酸对莴苣生长的化感作用及其机理研究[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(1):93-99
[16]花铭,陈良燕,尹大强.邻苯三酚和咖啡酸对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用及其机理[J].环境化学,2008,27(3):331-334
[17]田晨霞,张咏梅,王凯,等.紫花苜蓿组织解剖结构对NaHCO3盐碱胁迫的响应[J].草业学报,2014,23(5):133-142
[18]朱天琦,刘晓静,张晓玲.氮营养调控对紫花苜蓿根系形态及其解剖结构的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(6):1290-1294
[19]李红,李波,李祥莉,等.CaCl2对PEG胁迫下抗旱性不同苜蓿品种叶片解剖结构的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(05):155-157
[20]张文杰,李向林,万里强,等.翻耕与播种间隔时间对后茬苜蓿生长的影响[J].草业科学,2011,28(01):127-130
[21]董艳,董坤,杨智仙,等.肉桂酸加剧蚕豆枯萎病发生的根际微生物效应[J].园艺学报,2016,43(8):1525-1536
[22]ABDULRAHMAN AA,HABIBSA.Allelopathic effect of alfalfa(Medicago sativa)on bladygrass(Imperata cylindrica)[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1989,15(9):2289-2300
[23]李志华,沈益新,刘信宝,等.不同品种紫花苜蓿酚酸类化感物质含量的研究[J].草业学报,2010,19(2):183-189
[24]卢成,曾昭海,郑世宗,等.紫花苜蓿品种间自毒物质含量差异研究[J].作物学报,2007,33(4):578-582
[25]李志华,沈益新,刘信宝,等.开花期10个苜蓿品种水浸提液中酚酸类化感物质含量研究[J].草地学报,2009,17(6):799-805
[26]荣思川,师尚礼,孙灿灿.苜蓿植株及根际土壤中主要酚酸和香豆素物质含量测定[J].土壤,2016,48(5):931-938
[27]刘树权.浅谈紫花苜蓿自毒物质对产草量的影响[J].河套学院论坛,2010(2):56-57
[28]荣思川,王美宁,师尚礼,等.不同紫花苜蓿品种植株浸提液对种子萌发和幼苗生长的自毒效应[J].草原与草坪,2016,36(4):6-15
[29]张翠梅,师尚礼,吴芳.干旱胁迫对不同抗旱性苜蓿品种根系生长及生理特性影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(5):868-882
[30]李正理.植物制片技术[M].第2版.北京:科学出版社,1987:60-72
[31]李和平.植物显微技术[M].第2版.北京:科学出版社,2009:13-15
[32]Williamson G B,Richardson D.Bioassays for allelopathy measuring treatment responses with independent controls[J].Journal of Chemical.Ecology,1988,14:181-187
[33]周劲松,闫平,陈温福,等.生物炭对东北冷凉区水稻秧苗根系形态建成与解剖结构的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(1):72-81
[34]黄钰芳,张恩和,张新慧,等.兰州百合根及鳞茎水浸液自毒作用的研究[J].草业学报,2017,26(8):93-103
[35]赵祥,董宽虎,张垚,等.达乌里胡枝子根解剖结构与其抗旱性的关系[J].草地学报,2011,19(1):13-19
[36]刘延吉,田晓艳,曹敏建.低钾胁迫对玉米苗期根系生长和钾吸收特性的影响[J].玉米科学,2007,15(2):107-110
[37]赵锐明,郭风霞,赵庆芳,等.6种化感物质对鬼针草种子萌发及根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响[J].草地学报,2014,22(1):166-174
[2]洪文君,黄久香,申长青,等.3种檵木属植物结构解剖及环境适应性评价[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(5):61-66
[3]孟娜,徐航,魏明,等.叶面喷施烯效唑对盐胁迫下大豆幼苗生理及解剖结构的影响[J].西北植物学报,2017(10):1988-1995
[4]HG Jones.Physicochemical and environmental plant physiology[J].Science Press,2010,36(6):1076-1077
[5]严子柱,满多清,李得禄.沙葱(Allium mongolicum)解剖结构与抗旱性[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(4):890-894
[6]王富刚,陈花,艾银婷,等.香豆素在植物Priming过程中的作用[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2017(5):2094-2096
[7]陶茸,尹国丽,师尚礼.酚酸类物质对苜蓿种子萌发的化感作用研究[J].草原与草坪,2018,38(03):96-101
[8]蔡登高.化感物质香豆素对苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗初级氮同化的影响[D].成都,中国科学院研究生院,2007,23-36
[9]王婧怡,姚丹丹,徐军,等.香豆素对苏丹草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].草业科学,2017,34(11):2279-2288
[10]姚丹丹,王婧怡,周倩,等.香豆素对多花黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长化感作用的机理研究[J].草业学报,2017,26(2):136-145
[11]邬彩霞,赵国琦,刘苏娇,等.黄花草木樨水浸液中香豆素的含量及其对7种植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].草业科学,2014,31(12):2262-2269
[12]Razavi S M,Zarrini G,Zahri S,et al.Biological activity of Prangos uloptera DC.roots,a medicinal plant from Iran.[J].Natural Product Research,2010,24(9):797-803
[13]Guo Y L,Fu H Y,Huang G H,et al.Allelopathy effects of ferulic acid and coumarin on Microcystis aeruginosa[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(4):1492-1497
[14]Wu C X,Zhao G Q,Liu D L,et al.Discovery and Weed Inhibition Effects of Coumarin as the Predominant Allelochemical of Yellow Sweetclover(Melilotus officinalis)[J].International Journal of Agriculture&Biology,2016,18(1):168-175
[15]郭凯,燕志强,金辉,等.肉桂酸和咖啡酸对莴苣生长的化感作用及其机理研究[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(1):93-99
[16]花铭,陈良燕,尹大强.邻苯三酚和咖啡酸对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用及其机理[J].环境化学,2008,27(3):331-334
[17]田晨霞,张咏梅,王凯,等.紫花苜蓿组织解剖结构对NaHCO3盐碱胁迫的响应[J].草业学报,2014,23(5):133-142
[18]朱天琦,刘晓静,张晓玲.氮营养调控对紫花苜蓿根系形态及其解剖结构的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(6):1290-1294
[19]李红,李波,李祥莉,等.CaCl2对PEG胁迫下抗旱性不同苜蓿品种叶片解剖结构的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(05):155-157
[20]张文杰,李向林,万里强,等.翻耕与播种间隔时间对后茬苜蓿生长的影响[J].草业科学,2011,28(01):127-130
[21]董艳,董坤,杨智仙,等.肉桂酸加剧蚕豆枯萎病发生的根际微生物效应[J].园艺学报,2016,43(8):1525-1536
[22]ABDULRAHMAN AA,HABIBSA.Allelopathic effect of alfalfa(Medicago sativa)on bladygrass(Imperata cylindrica)[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1989,15(9):2289-2300
[23]李志华,沈益新,刘信宝,等.不同品种紫花苜蓿酚酸类化感物质含量的研究[J].草业学报,2010,19(2):183-189
[24]卢成,曾昭海,郑世宗,等.紫花苜蓿品种间自毒物质含量差异研究[J].作物学报,2007,33(4):578-582
[25]李志华,沈益新,刘信宝,等.开花期10个苜蓿品种水浸提液中酚酸类化感物质含量研究[J].草地学报,2009,17(6):799-805
[26]荣思川,师尚礼,孙灿灿.苜蓿植株及根际土壤中主要酚酸和香豆素物质含量测定[J].土壤,2016,48(5):931-938
[27]刘树权.浅谈紫花苜蓿自毒物质对产草量的影响[J].河套学院论坛,2010(2):56-57
[28]荣思川,王美宁,师尚礼,等.不同紫花苜蓿品种植株浸提液对种子萌发和幼苗生长的自毒效应[J].草原与草坪,2016,36(4):6-15
[29]张翠梅,师尚礼,吴芳.干旱胁迫对不同抗旱性苜蓿品种根系生长及生理特性影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(5):868-882
[30]李正理.植物制片技术[M].第2版.北京:科学出版社,1987:60-72
[31]李和平.植物显微技术[M].第2版.北京:科学出版社,2009:13-15
[32]Williamson G B,Richardson D.Bioassays for allelopathy measuring treatment responses with independent controls[J].Journal of Chemical.Ecology,1988,14:181-187
[33]周劲松,闫平,陈温福,等.生物炭对东北冷凉区水稻秧苗根系形态建成与解剖结构的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(1):72-81
[34]黄钰芳,张恩和,张新慧,等.兰州百合根及鳞茎水浸液自毒作用的研究[J].草业学报,2017,26(8):93-103
[35]赵祥,董宽虎,张垚,等.达乌里胡枝子根解剖结构与其抗旱性的关系[J].草地学报,2011,19(1):13-19
[36]刘延吉,田晓艳,曹敏建.低钾胁迫对玉米苗期根系生长和钾吸收特性的影响[J].玉米科学,2007,15(2):107-110
[37]赵锐明,郭风霞,赵庆芳,等.6种化感物质对鬼针草种子萌发及根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响[J].草地学报,2014,22(1):166-174