郑州市夏、秋季大气颗粒物中水溶性无机离子质量浓度及粒径分布特征
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摘要
为研究我国中原城市群中心城市郑州市的不同粒径大气颗粒物的组成特征,利用八级撞击式采样器在夏、秋季进行大气颗粒物分级采样,利用离子色谱测定Na~+、Ca~(2+)、NH_4~+、K~+、Mg~(2+)、F~-、Cl~-、NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)共9种离子的浓度,利用在线离子色谱分析仪监测颗粒物中硝酸盐的实时浓度.结果表明,采样期间郑州市水溶性离子平均浓度为(70. 9±52. 1)μg·m~(-3),其中监测的9种水溶性离子浓度从大到小顺序依次为:NO_3~-> SO_4~(2-)> NH_4~+> Ca~(2+)> Na~+> Cl~-> Mg~(2+)> K~+> F~-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)和NH_4~+占总水溶性离子的质量分数为79. 9%;无论在秋季或夏季SO_4~(2-)主要集中在≤1. 1μm粒径段上,而NO_3~-主要集中在0. 65～3. 3μm粒径段上. NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)夏季和秋季均呈双峰分布,主要分布于细粒子中; NH_4~+夏季呈双峰分布,秋季呈单峰分布,表现出季节变化.郑州市夏季臭氧污染严重,O_3与NO_3~-明显地"错峰"现象,表示大气中存在光化学反应;秋季颗粒物污染严重,采样期间[NO_3~-]/[SO_4~(2-)]的比值远大于0. 5,移动源成为颗粒物重要的来源.夏季NOR、SOR峰值在1. 1～2. 1μm粒径段上,秋季两者峰值在0. 65～1. 1μm粒径段上;夏季硫的气-粒转化大于氮的转化,而秋季则相反.
To study the compositional characteristics of atmospheric particulates with different particle sizes in the central city of Zhengzhou,China,a Tisch graded impact sampler was used to sample atmospheric particulates in summer and autumn. The mass concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions,including anions( Cl~-,F~-,NO_3~-,and SO_4~(2-)) and cations( Na+,Ca~(2+),NH_4~+,K~+,and Mg~(2+)) were measured by ion chromatography,and the online ion chromatography-based analyzer MARGA monitored the real-time concentration of particulate nitrate. The results showed that the average concentration of water-soluble ions in Zhengzhou City was( 70. 9 ± 52. 1) μg·m~(-3) during the sampling period,and the order of water-soluble ion mass concentrations was NO_3~-> SO_4~(2-)> NH_4~+> Ca~(2+)> Na+> Cl~-> Mg~(2+)> K~+> F~-; NO_3~-,SO_4~(2-),and NH_4~+ accounted for 79. 9% of total water-soluble ions. The NO_3~- concentration was mainly concentrated in the 0. 65-3. 3 μm particle size segment,despite the SO_4~(2-) concentration being concentrated in the ≤1. 1 μm particle size segment in autumn or summer. Both NO_3~- and SO_4~(2-) had a bimodal distribution in summer and autumn and were mainly distributed as fine particles. NH_4~+ showed seasonal variation with a bimodal distribution in summer and a unimodal distribution in autumn. Zhengzhou City had serious ozone pollution in summer,and O_3 and NO_3~- showed the "staggered peak"phenomenon,indicating photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. In autumn,water-soluble inorganic ion concentration in particulate matter was high,and the ratio of [NO_3~-]/[SO_4~(2-)]was higher than 0. 5. The mobile source is an important source of particles. NOR and SOR peaks were on the 1. 1-2. 1 μm particle size segment in summer,whereas those in the 0. 65-1. 1 μm particle size segment occurred in autumn. The sulfur gas-to-grain conversion in summer was larger than that of nitrogen,contrary to the result in autumn.
To study the compositional characteristics of atmospheric particulates with different particle sizes in the central city of Zhengzhou,China,a Tisch graded impact sampler was used to sample atmospheric particulates in summer and autumn. The mass concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions,including anions( Cl~-,F~-,NO_3~-,and SO_4~(2-)) and cations( Na+,Ca~(2+),NH_4~+,K~+,and Mg~(2+)) were measured by ion chromatography,and the online ion chromatography-based analyzer MARGA monitored the real-time concentration of particulate nitrate. The results showed that the average concentration of water-soluble ions in Zhengzhou City was( 70. 9 ± 52. 1) μg·m~(-3) during the sampling period,and the order of water-soluble ion mass concentrations was NO_3~-> SO_4~(2-)> NH_4~+> Ca~(2+)> Na+> Cl~-> Mg~(2+)> K~+> F~-; NO_3~-,SO_4~(2-),and NH_4~+ accounted for 79. 9% of total water-soluble ions. The NO_3~- concentration was mainly concentrated in the 0. 65-3. 3 μm particle size segment,despite the SO_4~(2-) concentration being concentrated in the ≤1. 1 μm particle size segment in autumn or summer. Both NO_3~- and SO_4~(2-) had a bimodal distribution in summer and autumn and were mainly distributed as fine particles. NH_4~+ showed seasonal variation with a bimodal distribution in summer and a unimodal distribution in autumn. Zhengzhou City had serious ozone pollution in summer,and O_3 and NO_3~- showed the "staggered peak"phenomenon,indicating photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. In autumn,water-soluble inorganic ion concentration in particulate matter was high,and the ratio of [NO_3~-]/[SO_4~(2-)]was higher than 0. 5. The mobile source is an important source of particles. NOR and SOR peaks were on the 1. 1-2. 1 μm particle size segment in summer,whereas those in the 0. 65-1. 1 μm particle size segment occurred in autumn. The sulfur gas-to-grain conversion in summer was larger than that of nitrogen,contrary to the result in autumn.
引文
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