围封对退化沙质草地地下繁殖体库恢复的影响
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摘要
为探明围封对退化沙质草地地下繁殖体库(种子库和芽库)恢复的影响,试验以长期放牧退化沙质草地为对照,通过种子萌发法和鉴定观测法,研究了不同围封年限(1年、3年和5年)的地下种子库和芽库物种种类、数量以及二者间转换变化的规律。结果表明:对长期放牧退化沙质草地实施围封措施能显著增加地下繁殖体库物种种类和数量,促进芽库向深层土壤扩展;围封对地下繁殖体恢复作用存在时间效应,随着围封年限的增加,土壤种子库一年生物种比例逐渐减小,多年生物种比例逐渐增加,而围封1年对芽库恢复作用不强,围封3～5年是地下繁殖体库存储转换地上植被群落的过渡期,外界适度刺激有利于地下芽库储备及芽体类型转换。
In order to explore the effect of grazing exclusion on the recovery of underground propagule banks(seed banks and bud banks)in degraded sandy grassland,the long-term grazing degraded sandy grassland was used as the control group and,seed germination method and identification observation method were adopted for the research on the species,the quantities and their transformation and change rule of underground seed banks and bud banks with different years of grazing exclusion(1 year,3 years and 5 years). The results showed that implementing grazing exclusion measures to the long-term grazing degraded sandy grassland could significantly increase the species and quantities of underground propagule banks,and enhance bud banks to the deep soil expansion. There was a time effect on the recovery of underground propagules. With the increase of grazing exclusion years,the proportion of annual species in soil seed bank was gradually decreasing while that of perennial species was increasing gradually. Howerer one-year grazing exclusion did not have strong effect on the recovery of bud banks. Three-to-five year grazing exclusion was the transition period of underground propagule bank storage to aboveground vegetation community. Moderate external stimulation could be beneficial to underground bud bank storage and bud type conversion.
In order to explore the effect of grazing exclusion on the recovery of underground propagule banks(seed banks and bud banks)in degraded sandy grassland,the long-term grazing degraded sandy grassland was used as the control group and,seed germination method and identification observation method were adopted for the research on the species,the quantities and their transformation and change rule of underground seed banks and bud banks with different years of grazing exclusion(1 year,3 years and 5 years). The results showed that implementing grazing exclusion measures to the long-term grazing degraded sandy grassland could significantly increase the species and quantities of underground propagule banks,and enhance bud banks to the deep soil expansion. There was a time effect on the recovery of underground propagules. With the increase of grazing exclusion years,the proportion of annual species in soil seed bank was gradually decreasing while that of perennial species was increasing gradually. Howerer one-year grazing exclusion did not have strong effect on the recovery of bud banks. Three-to-five year grazing exclusion was the transition period of underground propagule bank storage to aboveground vegetation community. Moderate external stimulation could be beneficial to underground bud bank storage and bud type conversion.
引文
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[2] THOMPSON K,GRIME J P.Seasonal variation in the seed banks of herbaceous species in ten contrasting habitats[J].J Ecol,1979,67:893-921.
[3] 张建利,张文,毕玉芬.金沙江干热河谷草地土壤种子库与植被的相关性[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(11):1908-1912.
[4] 李有志,张灿明,林鹏.土壤种子库评述[J].草业科学,2009,26(3):83-90.
[5] 李洪远,莫训强,郝翠.近30年来土壤种子库研究的回顾与展望[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(2):731-737.
[6] DALGLEISH H J,Hartnett D C.Below-ground bud banks increase along a precipitation gradient of the North American Great Plains:a test of the meristem limitation hypothesis[J].New Phytologist,2006,171(1):81-89.
[7] EVETTE A,BéDéCARRATS A,BORNETTE G.Environmental constraints influence clonal traits of herbaceous plant communities in an Alpine Massif[J].Folia Geobot,2009,44(2):95-108.
[8] BENSON E J,HARTNETT D C,MANN K H.Belowground bud banks and meristem limitation in tallgrass prairie plant populations[J].Am J Bot,2004,91(3):416-421.
[9] ZHANG J T,MU C S,WANG D L,et al.Shoot population recruitment from a bud bank over two seasons of undisturbed growth of Leymus chinensis[J].Botany,2009,87(12):1242-1249.
[10] POSCHLOD P,KLEYER M,JACKEL A K,et al.BIOPOP - A database of plant traits and internet application for nature conservation[J].Folia Geobot,2003,38(3):263-271.
[11] KLIME?OVá J,DE BELLO F.CLO-PLA:the database of clonal and bud bank traits of Central European flora[J].J Veg Sci,2009,20(3):511-516.
[12] KLEYER M,BEKKER R M,KNEVEL I C,et al.The LEDA Traitbase:a database of life-history traits of the Northwest European flora[J].J Ecol,2008,96(6):1266-1274.
[13] 吕林有,何跃,赵立仁.不同苜蓿品种生产性能研究[J].草地学报,2010,18(3):365-371.
[14] 赵丽娅,李锋瑞,王先之.草地沙化过程地上植被与土壤种子库变化特征[J].生态学报,2003,23(9):1746-1756.
[15] 郭何生.农业大词典[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[16] 赵文智,白四明.科尔沁沙地围封草地种子库特征[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(2):204-208.
[17] 郑翠玲,曹子龙,赵廷宁,等.围封沙化草地土壤种子库动态研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,12(6):169-171.
[18] 王晓红,刘艳,赵波,等.放牧和围封条件下草地土壤种子库特征研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2009,40(3):277-281.
[19] LATZEL V,KLIME?OVá J,DOLW?AL J,et al.The association of dispersal and persistence traits of plants with different stages of succession in Central European Man-Made Habitats[J].Folia Geobot,2011a,46(2/3):289-302.