农村地区小学生青春期知识知晓水平及影响因素
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摘要
目的了解农村地区小学生青春期知识知晓水平及其影响因素,为农村小学生普及科学、合理、适龄的性教育提供科学依据。方法采取多阶段整群抽样,抽取16所贵州省和安徽省以农村户籍为主的小学,对2 506名五、六年级在校小学生进行问卷调查,探索农村地区小学生青春期知识知晓水平及影响因素。结果农村地区小学生青春期知识总体知晓率为62.7%,其中有关青春期发育的性别差异(67.4%)和对性态度认知(39.5%)知晓率较低;女生较男生、独生子女较非独生子女、六年级学生较五年级学生对青春期知识的知晓程度略高。二分类多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年级[OR=0.72(0.61～0.86)]、同伴接纳[OR=0.70(0.53～0.96)]和家庭亲密度[OR=0.75(0.63～0.88)]对农村地区小学生青春期知识知晓程度有一定的影响作用。结论贵州和安徽农村地区小学生特别是男性、非独生子女、五年级学生青春期知识知晓水平有待提高,尤其在男女青春期发育差异和对性态度认知等问题上。要从增进同伴接纳、提高家庭亲密度等方面提高青春期知识知晓水平,普及性教育。
Objective To investigate the awareness of pubertal knowledge and its influencing factors among primary school students in Chinese rural areas, and to provide evidences for improving awareness level and popularizing scientific, reasonable, and suitable sex education. Methods Sixteen primary schools consisting of rural registered students in Guizhou and Anhui Province were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method, and a questionnaire survey for 2 506 senior students(grade five and six) was conducted to explore the awareness of pubertal knowledge and its influencing factors among primary school students in Chinese rural areas. Results The total awareness rate of pubertal knowledge was 62.7% among primary school students in Guizhou and Anhui rural areas, and the awareness rates were relatively low for the questions about the difference between male and female pubertal development and understanding of sexual attitude; female students, only-child students and grade six students got a bit better awareness of pubertal knowledge than male students, non-only-child students and grade five students respectively; grade[OR=0.72(0.61-0.86)], peer acceptance [OR=0.70(0.53-0.96)], family intimacy [OR=0.75(0.63-0.88)] had effect on awareness of pubertal knowledge. Conclusion The awareness of pubertal knowledge among primary school students in Guizhou and Anhui rural areas need further improvement, especially for male students, non-only-child students and grade five students in the questions about the difference between male and female pubertal development and understanding of sexual attitude. It is necessary to improve the awareness of pubertal knowledge by enhancing peer acceptance, promoting family intimacy, and popularizing scientific, reasonable, and suitable sex education.
Objective To investigate the awareness of pubertal knowledge and its influencing factors among primary school students in Chinese rural areas, and to provide evidences for improving awareness level and popularizing scientific, reasonable, and suitable sex education. Methods Sixteen primary schools consisting of rural registered students in Guizhou and Anhui Province were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method, and a questionnaire survey for 2 506 senior students(grade five and six) was conducted to explore the awareness of pubertal knowledge and its influencing factors among primary school students in Chinese rural areas. Results The total awareness rate of pubertal knowledge was 62.7% among primary school students in Guizhou and Anhui rural areas, and the awareness rates were relatively low for the questions about the difference between male and female pubertal development and understanding of sexual attitude; female students, only-child students and grade six students got a bit better awareness of pubertal knowledge than male students, non-only-child students and grade five students respectively; grade[OR=0.72(0.61-0.86)], peer acceptance [OR=0.70(0.53-0.96)], family intimacy [OR=0.75(0.63-0.88)] had effect on awareness of pubertal knowledge. Conclusion The awareness of pubertal knowledge among primary school students in Guizhou and Anhui rural areas need further improvement, especially for male students, non-only-child students and grade five students in the questions about the difference between male and female pubertal development and understanding of sexual attitude. It is necessary to improve the awareness of pubertal knowledge by enhancing peer acceptance, promoting family intimacy, and popularizing scientific, reasonable, and suitable sex education.
引文
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[2] 郑友富,俞国良.国外儿童性教育对我国学校教育的启示[J].教育科学研究,2002(7):50-53.
[3] 张小松,赵更力,周敏.我国部分农村地区中学生青春期知识·态度·行为调查[J].中国学校卫生,2005,26(12):999-1000.
[4] 田培燕,尹雄英,秦萍,等.都匀某农村小学4～6年级女生月经初潮和青春期知识调查分析[J].黔南民族医专学报,2016,29(2):118-120.
[5] 胡塔静,左霞云,廉启国,等.六省城乡6～14岁小学生性相关知识水平与知识获得状况调查[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2015,23(12):1338-1341.
[6] 中国性学会.中国青少年性健康教育指导纲要(试行版)[R].北京:中国性学会,2012.
[7] 李俊杰.应用艾滋病知识知晓率的问题和建议[J].中国艾滋病性病,2008,4(4):401-402.
[8] 任亮宝,吕进基.儿童孤独感与同伴接纳的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2014,22(8):1146-1149.
[9] 张赛,路孝琴,杜蕾,等.家庭功能评价工具家庭亲密性和适应性量表的发展及其应用评价[J].中国全科医学,2010,13(7):725-728.
[10] 周福林,段成荣.留守儿童研究综述[J].人口学刊,2006(3):60-65.
[11] MUHWEZI W W,KATAHOIRE A R,BANURA C,et al.Perceptions and experiences of adolescents,parents and school administrators regarding adolescent-parent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues in urban and rural Uganda[J].Reproduc Health,2015,12(1):110.
[12] 刘文利.儿童性教育:必须全民高度关注的教育领域[J].人民教育,2013(22):21-23.