长江三角洲南翼盐沼有机质分布及来源初探
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摘要
通过对长江三角洲南翼最大淤涨带钻孔柱样进行沉积有机碳(POC)、有机碳同位素组成(δ~(13)C)、总氮(TN)、粒度的测定,研究长江三角洲南翼盐沼有机质分布及来源。结果表明:POC、TN分布受控于长江入海泥沙及人类活动,有机质主要赋存于细颗粒物质中(<16μm),长江入海泥沙偏粗,有机质含量降低,围垦导致物质组成趋向均一化。δ13C自陆向海方向增大,自陆向海盐沼陆相有机质比例下降,海相有机质比例上升。围垦活动使海相有机质比例上升,长江入海泥沙对盐沼发育影响力下降,但长江入海泥沙对盐沼发育仍起主导作用。此研究揭示流域水沙及人类活动对河口盐沼发育的影响,丰富海岸带研究资料。
Based on the determination of particulate organic carbon(POC)content, total nitrogen(TN)content, organic carbon isotope ratios(δ~(13) C), and grain size with sediment drilling cores in the maximum siltation zone of the south flank of the Yangtze River Delta, the source and distribution of organic matter in salt marsh is investigated in this study. The results show that the distribution of organic matter in the salt marsh is controlled by the Yangtze River sediment load and reclamation. The organic matter is mainly concentrated in fine grain sediments. The coarse sediment from the Yangtze River results in the decline of w(POC), and w(TN). Reclamation leads to homogenization of material composition. The variation trend of δ13 C value show increase from landward to seaward. The proportion of terrestrial organic matter decreases and marine organic matter increases from landward to seaward. The reclamation increases the chance of marine organic matter transportation into salt marsh. Although the influence of the Yangtze River on the development process of salt marsh has declined, the Yangtze River still controls the development process. This study reveals the impact of the Yangtze River sediment and human activity on salt marsh development and enriches the research of coastal zone.
Based on the determination of particulate organic carbon(POC)content, total nitrogen(TN)content, organic carbon isotope ratios(δ~(13) C), and grain size with sediment drilling cores in the maximum siltation zone of the south flank of the Yangtze River Delta, the source and distribution of organic matter in salt marsh is investigated in this study. The results show that the distribution of organic matter in the salt marsh is controlled by the Yangtze River sediment load and reclamation. The organic matter is mainly concentrated in fine grain sediments. The coarse sediment from the Yangtze River results in the decline of w(POC), and w(TN). Reclamation leads to homogenization of material composition. The variation trend of δ13 C value show increase from landward to seaward. The proportion of terrestrial organic matter decreases and marine organic matter increases from landward to seaward. The reclamation increases the chance of marine organic matter transportation into salt marsh. Although the influence of the Yangtze River on the development process of salt marsh has declined, the Yangtze River still controls the development process. This study reveals the impact of the Yangtze River sediment and human activity on salt marsh development and enriches the research of coastal zone.
引文
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[2]虞志英,楼飞.长江口南汇嘴近岸海床近期演变分析:兼论长江流域来沙量变化的影响[J].海洋学报,2004,26(3):47-53.Yu Zhiying,Lou Fei.The evolvement characteristics of Nanhuizui foreland in the Changjiang Estuary,China[J].Acta Oceanologia Sinica,2004,26(3):47-53.
[3]杨颖,徐韧.近30a来长江口海域生态环境状况变化趋势分析[J].海洋科学,2015,39(10):101-107.Yang Ying,Xu Ren.The environment variation trend in the Changjiang River Estuary in the past 30a[J].Marine Sciences,2015,39(10):101-107.
[4]Allen J R L,Pye K.Saltmarshes:Morphodynamics,Conservation,and Engineering Significance[M].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,1992.
[5]Wu Ying,Zhang Jing,Liu Sumei,et al.Sources and distribution of carbon within the Yangtze River system[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2007,71(1):13-25.
[6]施光春.长江口悬浮颗粒有机碳的稳定同位素[J].海洋通报,1993,12(1):51-55.Shi Guangchun.Stable isotope of suspended particulate organic carbon in Yangtze Estuary and adjacent waters[J].Marine Science Bulletin,1993,12(1):51-55.
[7]吴莹,张经,张再峰,等.长江悬浮颗粒物中稳定碳、氮同位素的季节分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(5):546-552.Wu Ying,Zhang Jing,Zhang Zaifeng,et al.Seasonal variability of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope of suspended particulate matter in the Changjiang River[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2002,33(5):546-552.
[8]余婕,刘敏,许世远,等.长江口潮滩有机质稳定碳同位素时空分布与来源分析[J].地理研究,2008,27(4):847-854.Yu Jie,Liu Min,Xu Shiyuan,et al.Temporal-spatial distribution of stable carbon isotope of organic matter and source analysis in the Changjiang Estuary[J].Geographical Research,2008,27(4):847-854.
[9]Liu M,Hou L J,Xu S Y,et al.Organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in the intertidal sediments from the Yangtze Estuary,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2006,52(12):1625-1633.
[10]许斐,杨守业,展望,等.三峡水库建设对长江下游颗粒有机碳通量及碳同位素组成的影响[J].地球化学,2011,40(2):199-208.Xu Fei,Yang Shouye,Zhan Wang,et al.Influence of the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the flux and isotopic composition of particulate organic carbon in the lower Changjiang mainstream[J].Geochimica,2011,40(2):199-208.
[11]Lampman G G,Caraco N F,Cole J J.Spatial and temporal patterns of nutrient concentration and export in the tidal Hudson River[J].Estuaries,1999,22(2):285-296.
[12]张凌,陈繁荣,殷克东,等.珠江口和邻近海域沉积有机质的来源及其沉积通量的时空变化[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(8):875-881.Zhang Ling,Chen Fanrong,Yin Kedong,et al.Spatial and temporal variations of sedimentary organic matter origin and accumulation rate in the Pearl River Estuary and adjacent coastal waters of South China Sea[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2009,22(8):875-881.
[13]Chen Qingqiang,Gu Hequan,Zhou Juzhen,et al.Trends of soil organic matter turnover in the salt marsh of the Yangtze River estuary[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2007,17(1):101-113.
[14]陈庆强,杨艳,周菊珍,等.长江口盐沼土壤有机质分布与矿化的空间差异[J].沉积学报,2012,30(1):128-136.Chen Qingqiang,Yang Yan,Zhou Juzhen,et al.Spatial differentiation of soil organic matter distribution and mineralization in the salt marsh of the Yangtze Estuary[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(1):128-136.
[15]陈吉余,恽才兴,徐海根,等.两千年来长江河口发育的模式[J].海洋学报,1979,1(1):103-111.Chen Jiyu,Yun Caixing,Xu Haigen,et al.The developmental mode of the Changjiang River Estuary during last 2000 years[J].Acta Oceanologia Sinica,1979,1(1):103-111.
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[18]左书华,时连强.南汇嘴潮滩沉积物粒度特征研究[J].水道港口,2008,29(2):88-93.Zuo Shuhua,Shi Lianqiang.Hydrodynamic explanation and characteristic of sediment granularity of Nanhuizui foreland in Changjiang Estuary[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbour,2008,29(2):88-93.
[19]左书华,李蓓,杨华.南汇嘴边滩地形演变及其分析[J].水道港口,2007,28(2):108-112.Zuo Shuhua,Li Bei,Yang Hua.Topography evolution and analysis of Nanhui nearshore[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbour,2007,28(2):108-112.
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[21]李铁松,李从先.潮坪沉积与事件[J].科学通报,1993,38(19):1778-1782.Li Tiesong,Li Congxian.The intertidal sedimentation and event[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1993,38(19):1778-1782.
[22]火苗,范代读,陆琦,等.长江口南汇边滩冲淤变化规律与机制[J].海洋学报,2010,32(5):41-51.Huo Miao,Fan Daidu,Lu Qi,et al.Decadal variations in the erosion/deposition pattern of Nanhui muddy bank and their mechanism in the Changjiang Delta[J].Acta Oceanologia Sinica,2010,32(5):41-51.
[23]应铭,李九发,万新宁,等.长江大通站输沙量时间序列分析研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(1):83-87.Ying Ming,Li Jiufa,Wan Xinning,et al.Study on time seriesof sediment discharge at Datong station in the Yangtze River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2005,14(1):83-87.
[24]府仁寿,虞志英,金鏐,等.长江水沙变化发展趋势[J].水利学报,2003,34(11):21-29.Fu Renshou,Yu Zhiying,Jin Miu,et al.Variation trend of runoff and sediment load in Yangtze River[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003,34(11):21-29.
[25]杨云平,张明进,樊咏阳,等.长江河口悬沙颗粒特征变化趋势及成因[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2016,24(6):1203-1218.Yang Yunping,Zhang Mingjin,Fan Yongyang,et al.Variation trend and causes of suspended sediment characteristic in Yangtze Estuary[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2016,24(6):1203-1218.
[26]周俊丽.长江口湿地生态系统中有机质的生物地球化学过程研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2005.Zhou Junli.Biogeochemical process of organic materials in the salt marsh of the Changjiang Estuary-Illustrated by the salt marsh in the Chongming Island[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2005.
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