自生粘土矿物对文昌A凹陷深部储层的制约
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摘要
目前关于自生粘土矿物对深层孔隙结构及油气运聚的影响方面的研究十分薄弱.综合利用铸体薄片、全岩XRD、扫描电镜、恒速压汞等测试手段,分析自生粘土矿物对孔隙连通性、孔喉直径及其分布的影响,并结合埋藏史和生烃史探讨了低渗透砂岩不同孔隙结构类型的油气差异富集条件.珠海组深部储层压实作用较强,自生粘土矿物含量较高.碎屑颗粒以线接触-凹凸接触为主,识别出"孔隙+粗喉道"和"喉道主控"2种孔隙结构类型,前者孔隙体积和粗喉道占比较高,后者主要以细喉道为主;自生粘土矿物分割占据大量孔喉空间,自生伊利石主要为孔喉充填型,自生绿泥石主要为颗粒包壳型;珠海组储层与下渐新统恩平组烃源岩不整合接触形成纵向"下生上储"、横向连续分布的有利源储组合,烃源岩持续生烃.珠海组是典型的深埋藏碎屑岩低渗储层,仍具备良好的储集条件,储层发育受机械压实作用和自生粘土矿物共同控制;压实作用是原生孔隙损失的初始因素,以绿泥石和伊利石为代表的自生粘土矿物高度发育是制约优质储层发育的关键因素.
The research on the impacts of authigenic clay minerals on pore throat structure and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation is very weak.In this study,impacts of authigenic clay on pore connectivity,pore-throat size and its distribution were investigated for the resulting impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation and percolation in order to find out the genetic mechanism of tight sandstones in Oligocene Zhuhai Formation of Wenchang A Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin.Thin slice identification,whole rock X-ray diffraction analysis,scanning electron microscopy and rate-controlled mercury injection were employed to characterize authigenic clay and its physical property.Source-reservoir assemblages were studied based on burial history and hydrocarbon-generating history of underlying source rocks.Two types were distinguished as"pore combined with throat"and"fine diameter throat-controlling".The former contains more interparticle pores and thick throat,while the latter contains mainly narrow throat.Mechanical compaction led to primary porosity lost and authigenic clay-related pores gradually played a significant role in controlling pore structure of tight sandstone reservoirs.There is very little difference in porosity and wide distribution in permeability between the two pore structure types.The unconformity contact between reservoirs and source rocks forms a favorable source-storage combination for lateral continuous distribution,and the source rocks have been generating hydrocarbon constantly.Mechanical compaction and authigenic clay are considered to be control factors affecting reservoir property and hydrocarbon enrichment for the following reasons:the pore structure and permeability are chiefly controlled by fine diameter of pore and throat as well as complex relation between pore and throat,the underlying source rocks have been providing constant driving force and hydrocarbon supply.Zhuhai Formation serves a representative example for deep buried tight sandstone reservoir.
The research on the impacts of authigenic clay minerals on pore throat structure and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation is very weak.In this study,impacts of authigenic clay on pore connectivity,pore-throat size and its distribution were investigated for the resulting impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation and percolation in order to find out the genetic mechanism of tight sandstones in Oligocene Zhuhai Formation of Wenchang A Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin.Thin slice identification,whole rock X-ray diffraction analysis,scanning electron microscopy and rate-controlled mercury injection were employed to characterize authigenic clay and its physical property.Source-reservoir assemblages were studied based on burial history and hydrocarbon-generating history of underlying source rocks.Two types were distinguished as"pore combined with throat"and"fine diameter throat-controlling".The former contains more interparticle pores and thick throat,while the latter contains mainly narrow throat.Mechanical compaction led to primary porosity lost and authigenic clay-related pores gradually played a significant role in controlling pore structure of tight sandstone reservoirs.There is very little difference in porosity and wide distribution in permeability between the two pore structure types.The unconformity contact between reservoirs and source rocks forms a favorable source-storage combination for lateral continuous distribution,and the source rocks have been generating hydrocarbon constantly.Mechanical compaction and authigenic clay are considered to be control factors affecting reservoir property and hydrocarbon enrichment for the following reasons:the pore structure and permeability are chiefly controlled by fine diameter of pore and throat as well as complex relation between pore and throat,the underlying source rocks have been providing constant driving force and hydrocarbon supply.Zhuhai Formation serves a representative example for deep buried tight sandstone reservoir.
引文
Ajdukiewicz,J.M.,Larese,R.E.,2012.How Clay Grain Coats Inhibit Quartz Cement and Preserve Porosity in Deeply Buried Sandstones:Observations and Experiments.AAPG Bulletin,96(11):2091-2119.https://doi.org/10.1306/02211211075
Cao,Y.C.,Xi,K.L.,Liu,K.Y.,et al.,2018.Reservoir Properties Characterization and Its Genetic Mechanism for Tight Sandstone Oil and Gas Reservoir in Lacustrine Basin:The Case of the Fourth Member of Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation in the Southern Songliao Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,39(3):247-265(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ehrenberg,S.N.,1993.Preservation of Anomalously High Porosity in Deeply Buried Sandstones by Grain-Coating Chlorite:Examples from the Norwegian Continental Shelf.AAPGBulletin,77(7):1260-1286.https://doi.org/10.1306/BDFF8E5C-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Feng,Z.X.,Liu,C.L.,1999.Geological Characteristics of Reservoir and Caprock in Wenchang A Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin.China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),13(6):421-428(in Chinese with English abstract).
Giles,M.R.,de Boer,R.B.,1990.Origin and Significance of Redistributional Secondary Porosity.Marine and Petroleum Geology,7(4):378-397.https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(90)90016-a
Lai,J.,Wang,G.W.,Wang,Z.Y.,et al.,2018.A Review on Pore Structure Characterization in Tight Sandstones.Earth-Science Reviews,177:436-457.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.12.003
Lu,J.,Zhou,G.,Zheng,R.F.,et al.,2016.Oil Origin and Accumulation Characteristics in Middle-Deep Strata of Wenchang ASag,Pearl River Mouth Basin.China Offshore Oil and Gas,28(1):20-28(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mozley,P.S.,Heath,J.E.,Dewers,T.A.,et al.,2016.Origin and Heterogeneity of Pore Sizes in the Mount Simon Sandstone and Eau Claire Formation:Implications for Multiphase Fluid Flow.Geosphere,12(4):1341-1361.https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01245.1
Rushing,J.A.,Newsham,K.E.,Blasingame,T.A.,2008.Rock Typing:Keys to Understanding Productivity in Tight Gas Sands.SPE 114164.https://doi.org/10.2118/114164-MS
Sun,N.L.,Zhong,J.H.,Liu,S.G.,et al.,2017.Diagenesis and Physical Property Evolution of Gravity Flow Tight Reservoir of Yanchang Formation in Southern Ordos Basin.Earth Science,42(10):1802-1816(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.558
Sun,X.L.,Lin,C.Y.,Dong,C.M.,et al.,2017.Influence of Chlorite on Siliceous Cement under Control of Reservoir Lithology.Earth Science,42(9):1599-1607(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.528
Taghavi,A.A.,Mrk,A.,Emadi,M.A.,2006.Sequence Stratigraphically Controlled Diagenesis Governs Reservoir Quality in the Carbonate Dehluran Field,Southwest Iran.Petroleum Geoscience,12(2):115-126.https://doi.org/10.1144/1354-079305-672
Xi,K.L.,Cao,Y.C.,Zhao,X.Z.,et al.,2014.Genetic Mechanism of Paleogene Middle-Deep Effective Reservoirs in Baxian Sag.Natural Gas Geoscience,25(8):1144-1155(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xie,Y.H.,Fu,M.Y.,Chen,Q.Q.,et al.,2016.Controlling Factors of Reservoir Development under High Temperature in an Extensional Basin:A Case Study from Wenchang A Sag in Pearl River Estuary Basin.Geological Science and Technology Information,35(1):59-67(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,S.L.,You,L.,Li,C.,et al.,2016.Characterization of Pore-Throat Structure in Low-Permeability Reservoir from Zhuhai Formation of 10Area in Wenchang A Sag.Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,40(5):55-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yao,Y.B.,Liu,D.M.,2012.Comparison of Low-Field NMRand Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry in Characterizing Pore Size Distributions of Coals.Fuel,95:152-158.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.12.039
You,L,Xu,S.L.,Li,C.,et al.,2018.Diagenesis-Porosity Evolution and“Sweet Spot”Distribution of Low Permeability Reservoirs:A Case Study from Oligocene Zhuhai Formation in Wenchang A Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin,Northern South China Sea.Petroleum Exploration and Development,45(2):235-246(in Chinese with English abstract).
You,L.,Zhang,Y.Z.,Li,C.,et al.,2014.Factors of Controlling the Distribution of the Low Permeability Reservoir“Sweet Spots”from Zhuhai Formation of Wenchang 10Area.Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,38(3):18-24,30(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yuan,G.H.,Cao,Y.C.,Jia,Z.Z.,et al.,2015.Selective Dissolution of Feldspars in the Presence of Carbonates:The Way to Generate Secondary Pores in Buried Sandstones by Organic CO2.Marine and Petroleum Geology,60:105-119.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.11.001
Zhang,L.C.,Lu,S.F.,Xiao,D.S.,et al.,2017.Pore Structure Characteristics of Tight Sandstones in the Northern Songliao Basin,China.Marine and Petroleum Geology,88:170-180.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.08.005
Zhao,L.S.,1988.The Condition on Formation of Oil(Gas)Field and Oil(Gas)Accumulation in Zhujiangkou Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,(1):1-9(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao,Z.H.,Xu,S.J.,Jiang,X.H.,et al.,2016.Deep Strata Geologic Structure and Tight Sandy Conglomerate Gas Exploration in Songliao Basin,East China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,43(1):13-25.https://doi.org/10.1016/s1876-3804(16)30002-7
Zhu,X.M.,Liu,F.,Tan,M.X.,et al.,2015.Diagenesis and Genesis of Favorable Reservoir of Fan Delta in Eocene Shahejie Fm.,Zhanhua Sag,Jiyang Depression,Bohai Bay Basin.Geological Review,61(4):843-851(in Chinese with English abstract).
操应长,葸克来,刘可禹,等,2018.陆相湖盆致密砂岩油气储层储集性能表征与成储机制---以松辽盆地南部下白垩统泉头组四段为例.石油学报,39(3):247-265.
冯正祥,刘春兰,1999.珠江口盆地文昌A凹陷储集层及盖层特征.中国海上油气(地质),13(6):421-428.
陆江,周刚,郑榕芬,等,2016.珠江口盆地文昌A凹陷中深层原油来源及成藏特征.中国海上油气,28(1):20-28.
孙宁亮,钟建华,刘绍光,等,2017.鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组重力流致密储层成岩作用及物性演化.地球科学,42(10):1802-1816.https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.558
孙小龙,林承焰,董春梅,等,2017.储层岩性控制下的绿泥石对硅质胶结的影响.地球科学,42(9):1599-1607.https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.528
葸克来,操应长,赵贤正,等,2014.霸县凹陷古近系中深层有效储层成因机制.天然气地球科学,25(8):1144-1155.
谢玉洪,伏美燕,陈倩倩,等,2016.张性盆地高温砂岩储层发育控制因素:以珠江口盆地文昌A凹陷为例.地质科技情报,35(1):59-67.
徐守立,尤丽,李才,等,2016.文昌A凹陷10区珠海组低渗储层孔喉结构特征.东北石油大学学报,40(5):55-62.
尤丽,徐守立,李才,等,2018.低渗储集层成岩孔隙演化与“甜点”分布---以南海北部珠江口盆地文昌A凹陷渐新统珠海组为例.石油勘探与开发,45(2):235-246.
尤丽,张迎朝,李才,等,2014.文昌10区珠海组低渗储层“甜点”控制因素.东北石油大学学报,38(3):18-24,30.
赵柳生,1988.珠江口盆地油气藏形成条件及油气富集规律.石油勘探与开发,(1):1-9.
朱筱敏,刘芬,谈明轩,等,2015.济阳坳陷沾化凹陷陡坡带始新统沙三段扇三角洲储层成岩作用与有利储层成因.地质论评,61(4):843-851.
Cao,Y.C.,Xi,K.L.,Liu,K.Y.,et al.,2018.Reservoir Properties Characterization and Its Genetic Mechanism for Tight Sandstone Oil and Gas Reservoir in Lacustrine Basin:The Case of the Fourth Member of Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation in the Southern Songliao Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,39(3):247-265(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ehrenberg,S.N.,1993.Preservation of Anomalously High Porosity in Deeply Buried Sandstones by Grain-Coating Chlorite:Examples from the Norwegian Continental Shelf.AAPGBulletin,77(7):1260-1286.https://doi.org/10.1306/BDFF8E5C-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Feng,Z.X.,Liu,C.L.,1999.Geological Characteristics of Reservoir and Caprock in Wenchang A Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin.China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),13(6):421-428(in Chinese with English abstract).
Giles,M.R.,de Boer,R.B.,1990.Origin and Significance of Redistributional Secondary Porosity.Marine and Petroleum Geology,7(4):378-397.https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(90)90016-a
Lai,J.,Wang,G.W.,Wang,Z.Y.,et al.,2018.A Review on Pore Structure Characterization in Tight Sandstones.Earth-Science Reviews,177:436-457.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.12.003
Lu,J.,Zhou,G.,Zheng,R.F.,et al.,2016.Oil Origin and Accumulation Characteristics in Middle-Deep Strata of Wenchang ASag,Pearl River Mouth Basin.China Offshore Oil and Gas,28(1):20-28(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mozley,P.S.,Heath,J.E.,Dewers,T.A.,et al.,2016.Origin and Heterogeneity of Pore Sizes in the Mount Simon Sandstone and Eau Claire Formation:Implications for Multiphase Fluid Flow.Geosphere,12(4):1341-1361.https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01245.1
Rushing,J.A.,Newsham,K.E.,Blasingame,T.A.,2008.Rock Typing:Keys to Understanding Productivity in Tight Gas Sands.SPE 114164.https://doi.org/10.2118/114164-MS
Sun,N.L.,Zhong,J.H.,Liu,S.G.,et al.,2017.Diagenesis and Physical Property Evolution of Gravity Flow Tight Reservoir of Yanchang Formation in Southern Ordos Basin.Earth Science,42(10):1802-1816(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.558
Sun,X.L.,Lin,C.Y.,Dong,C.M.,et al.,2017.Influence of Chlorite on Siliceous Cement under Control of Reservoir Lithology.Earth Science,42(9):1599-1607(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.528
Taghavi,A.A.,Mrk,A.,Emadi,M.A.,2006.Sequence Stratigraphically Controlled Diagenesis Governs Reservoir Quality in the Carbonate Dehluran Field,Southwest Iran.Petroleum Geoscience,12(2):115-126.https://doi.org/10.1144/1354-079305-672
Xi,K.L.,Cao,Y.C.,Zhao,X.Z.,et al.,2014.Genetic Mechanism of Paleogene Middle-Deep Effective Reservoirs in Baxian Sag.Natural Gas Geoscience,25(8):1144-1155(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xie,Y.H.,Fu,M.Y.,Chen,Q.Q.,et al.,2016.Controlling Factors of Reservoir Development under High Temperature in an Extensional Basin:A Case Study from Wenchang A Sag in Pearl River Estuary Basin.Geological Science and Technology Information,35(1):59-67(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,S.L.,You,L.,Li,C.,et al.,2016.Characterization of Pore-Throat Structure in Low-Permeability Reservoir from Zhuhai Formation of 10Area in Wenchang A Sag.Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,40(5):55-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yao,Y.B.,Liu,D.M.,2012.Comparison of Low-Field NMRand Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry in Characterizing Pore Size Distributions of Coals.Fuel,95:152-158.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.12.039
You,L,Xu,S.L.,Li,C.,et al.,2018.Diagenesis-Porosity Evolution and“Sweet Spot”Distribution of Low Permeability Reservoirs:A Case Study from Oligocene Zhuhai Formation in Wenchang A Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin,Northern South China Sea.Petroleum Exploration and Development,45(2):235-246(in Chinese with English abstract).
You,L.,Zhang,Y.Z.,Li,C.,et al.,2014.Factors of Controlling the Distribution of the Low Permeability Reservoir“Sweet Spots”from Zhuhai Formation of Wenchang 10Area.Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,38(3):18-24,30(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yuan,G.H.,Cao,Y.C.,Jia,Z.Z.,et al.,2015.Selective Dissolution of Feldspars in the Presence of Carbonates:The Way to Generate Secondary Pores in Buried Sandstones by Organic CO2.Marine and Petroleum Geology,60:105-119.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.11.001
Zhang,L.C.,Lu,S.F.,Xiao,D.S.,et al.,2017.Pore Structure Characteristics of Tight Sandstones in the Northern Songliao Basin,China.Marine and Petroleum Geology,88:170-180.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.08.005
Zhao,L.S.,1988.The Condition on Formation of Oil(Gas)Field and Oil(Gas)Accumulation in Zhujiangkou Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,(1):1-9(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao,Z.H.,Xu,S.J.,Jiang,X.H.,et al.,2016.Deep Strata Geologic Structure and Tight Sandy Conglomerate Gas Exploration in Songliao Basin,East China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,43(1):13-25.https://doi.org/10.1016/s1876-3804(16)30002-7
Zhu,X.M.,Liu,F.,Tan,M.X.,et al.,2015.Diagenesis and Genesis of Favorable Reservoir of Fan Delta in Eocene Shahejie Fm.,Zhanhua Sag,Jiyang Depression,Bohai Bay Basin.Geological Review,61(4):843-851(in Chinese with English abstract).
操应长,葸克来,刘可禹,等,2018.陆相湖盆致密砂岩油气储层储集性能表征与成储机制---以松辽盆地南部下白垩统泉头组四段为例.石油学报,39(3):247-265.
冯正祥,刘春兰,1999.珠江口盆地文昌A凹陷储集层及盖层特征.中国海上油气(地质),13(6):421-428.
陆江,周刚,郑榕芬,等,2016.珠江口盆地文昌A凹陷中深层原油来源及成藏特征.中国海上油气,28(1):20-28.
孙宁亮,钟建华,刘绍光,等,2017.鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组重力流致密储层成岩作用及物性演化.地球科学,42(10):1802-1816.https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.558
孙小龙,林承焰,董春梅,等,2017.储层岩性控制下的绿泥石对硅质胶结的影响.地球科学,42(9):1599-1607.https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.528
葸克来,操应长,赵贤正,等,2014.霸县凹陷古近系中深层有效储层成因机制.天然气地球科学,25(8):1144-1155.
谢玉洪,伏美燕,陈倩倩,等,2016.张性盆地高温砂岩储层发育控制因素:以珠江口盆地文昌A凹陷为例.地质科技情报,35(1):59-67.
徐守立,尤丽,李才,等,2016.文昌A凹陷10区珠海组低渗储层孔喉结构特征.东北石油大学学报,40(5):55-62.
尤丽,徐守立,李才,等,2018.低渗储集层成岩孔隙演化与“甜点”分布---以南海北部珠江口盆地文昌A凹陷渐新统珠海组为例.石油勘探与开发,45(2):235-246.
尤丽,张迎朝,李才,等,2014.文昌10区珠海组低渗储层“甜点”控制因素.东北石油大学学报,38(3):18-24,30.
赵柳生,1988.珠江口盆地油气藏形成条件及油气富集规律.石油勘探与开发,(1):1-9.
朱筱敏,刘芬,谈明轩,等,2015.济阳坳陷沾化凹陷陡坡带始新统沙三段扇三角洲储层成岩作用与有利储层成因.地质论评,61(4):843-851.