岷县—漳县6.6级地震极震区场地覆盖层厚度探测及三维地形模型建立
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摘要
2013年7月22日岷县漳县MS6.6地震的震后科学考察发现,极震区局部场地覆盖层厚度和地形条件对地震动有明显放大效应。利用伺服速度地震仪对此次地震极震区场地进行高密度地脉动观测,获得该区不同场地的卓越频率,运用频谱分析法得到该区场地覆盖层厚度分布。基于在该区进行的无人机航飞遥测,获取地形地貌数据,通过制作表层和基岩层DEM数据,由Rhino进一步处理生成地形模型,实现真实地形在通用有限元软件中的三维模型的建立。
Scientific surveys conducted after the Minxian—Zhangxian MS6.6 earthquake reveal that the overburden thickness and topographic conditions at local sites in its meizoseismal area have a significant amplification effect on the ground motion.Using a servo velocity seismograph,we conducted a high-density microtremor survey in sites around the meizoseismal area,and obtained the predominant frequencies of the various sites.We used the frequency spectrum analysis method to obtain the overburden thickness distribution of the sites,and investigated the unmanned aerial vehicle telemetry of the area to obtain topographic and geomorphic data.By producing surface and bedrock data from the digital elevation model,we used the Rhino 3D modeler to further process and establish a terrain model and then generated a 3D model of the actual terrain using general finite element software.
Scientific surveys conducted after the Minxian—Zhangxian MS6.6 earthquake reveal that the overburden thickness and topographic conditions at local sites in its meizoseismal area have a significant amplification effect on the ground motion.Using a servo velocity seismograph,we conducted a high-density microtremor survey in sites around the meizoseismal area,and obtained the predominant frequencies of the various sites.We used the frequency spectrum analysis method to obtain the overburden thickness distribution of the sites,and investigated the unmanned aerial vehicle telemetry of the area to obtain topographic and geomorphic data.By producing surface and bedrock data from the digital elevation model,we used the Rhino 3D modeler to further process and establish a terrain model and then generated a 3D model of the actual terrain using general finite element software.
引文
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[15]刘琴,杨海林,薛传东,等.基于Google Earth数据的Surfer三维地形建模[J].河南科学,2013,31(4):489-493.LIU Qin,YANG Hailin,XUE Chuandong,et al.Surfer 3DTerrain Modeling Based on Google Earth Data[J].Henan Science,2013,31(4):489-493.
[2]石玉成,王兰民,张颖.黄土场地覆盖层厚度和地形条件对地震动放大效应的影响[J].西北地震学报,1999,21(2):203-208.SHI Yucheng,WANG Lanmin,ZHANG Ying.Effects of Overburden Thickness and Topography of Loessial Sites on Earthquake Ground Motion[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,1999,21(2):203-208.
[3]李平.汶川特大地震汉源震害异常研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2013LI Ping.Anomalous Earthquake Damage in Hanyuan Area Caused by Wenchuan Great Earthquake[D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2013.
[4]师黎静,陶夏新.地脉动方法最新研究进展[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(6):30-37.SHI Lijing,TAO Xiaxin.Latest Advance in Microtremor Methods[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(6):30-37.
[5]吴志坚,曾立峰,王兰民,等.地脉动法在黄土地区S波速度构造探测中的应用[J].上海交通大学学报,2011,45(5):696-700.WU Zhijian,ZENG Lifeng,WANG Lanmin,et al.Application of Microtremor Method in Shear Wave Velocity Structure Survey at Loess Regions[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2011,45(5):696-700.
[6]吴志坚,车爱兰,王兰民,等.常时微动测试在汶川地震甘肃灾区建筑结构震害调查中的应用[J].西北地震学报,2009,31(1):86-90.WU Zhijian,CHE Ailan,WANG Lanmin,et al.Application of Micro Tremor Observation on Disaster Investigation of the2008 Wenchuan Earthquake for Building Structures in the Quake-hit Areas of Gansu Province[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2009,31(1):86-90.
[7]王兰民,吴志坚.汶川地震场地条件对地震动放大效应的影响[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2010,31(增刊2):175-178.WANG Lanmin,WU Zhijian.Influence of Site Condition on Seismic Amplification Effects during the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural&Environmental Engineering,2010,31(Supp2):175-178.
[8]陈棋福,刘澜波,王伟君,等.利用地脉动探测北京城区的地震动场地响应[J].科学通报,2008,53(18):2229-2235.CHEN Qifu,LIU Lanbo,WANG Weijun,et al.Site Responses of Ground Motions in Beijing Urban Area Using the Microtremors Method[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,53(18):2229-2235.
[9]NAKAMURA Y.A Method for Dynamic Characteristics Estimation of Subsurface Using Microtremors on the Ground Surface[J].QR of RTRI,1989,30(1):25-33.
[10]ZHANG Shuangxi,LI Mengkui.Influence of Uneven Trace Spacing on Rayleigh Wave Dispersion[J].Journal of Earth Science,2011,22(2):231-240.
[11]杨天春.基于附加层法的非规则剖面的瑞利波频散特性研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(12):3365-3371.YANG Tianchun.Appendant Layer Method for Dispersion Characteristics of Rayleigh Wave in Irregular Profiles[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(12):3365-3371.
[12]冯小娟,黄义,吴柄军,等.基于文克勒模型的饱和土中单桩对瑞利波动力响应研究[J].应用力学学报,2010,27(2):303-309.FENG Xiaojuan,HUANG Yi,WU Bingjun,et al.The Single Pile Response to Rayleigh Wave in Saturated Soils[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2010,27(2):303-309.
[13]POGGI V,FAH D,Giardini D.Time-Frequency-Wavenumber Analysis of Surface Waves Using the Continuous Wavelet Transform[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2013,170(3):319-335.
[14]余璨,谢俊如.基于GIS的三维地形建模及应用研究[J].软件导刊,2015,14(1):132-133.YU Can,XIE Junru.Research on 3D Terrain Modeling and Application Based on GIS[J].Software Guide,2015,14(1):132-133.
[15]刘琴,杨海林,薛传东,等.基于Google Earth数据的Surfer三维地形建模[J].河南科学,2013,31(4):489-493.LIU Qin,YANG Hailin,XUE Chuandong,et al.Surfer 3DTerrain Modeling Based on Google Earth Data[J].Henan Science,2013,31(4):489-493.