汉德并列复合词词序的象似性对比研究
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摘要
本文分别以《现代汉语词典》(第五版)以及德国语言中心(IDS)数据库COSMASII为汉德语料来源,结合象似性原理,从认知角度对汉德并列复合词内部组合的排序规律进行对比,探讨并列复合词结构的认知理据和词序制约原则,提出:1)汉德并列复合词内部成分的组合是非语法性的;2)并列复合词内部词序在受顺序语义象似性,顺序语用象似性,标记象似性原则制约的程度和范围上,汉德总体一致,但是也存在各有侧重或者完全相反的情况;3)汉德并列结构在受语音因素影响方面,汉语作用于声调,德语作用于重音。
The study aims at exploring and comparing the ordering rules of the internal sequence of Chinese and German copulative compound words in accordance with the principle of iconicity. The words are from A Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese(5 th edition) and the database COSMASII of the German Language Center(IDS). It is argued that: 1. The combination of internal components of Chinese and German copulative compounds are non-grammatical; 2. The internal sequence of both languages generally follows the principle of semantic linearity iconicity, pragmatic linearity iconicity and markedness iconicity, but there are still some differences in term of extent and scope in these two languages; 3. Chinese and German languages are subject to phonetic restrictions in certain conditions, but Chinese in tone, German in accent.
The study aims at exploring and comparing the ordering rules of the internal sequence of Chinese and German copulative compound words in accordance with the principle of iconicity. The words are from A Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese(5 th edition) and the database COSMASII of the German Language Center(IDS). It is argued that: 1. The combination of internal components of Chinese and German copulative compounds are non-grammatical; 2. The internal sequence of both languages generally follows the principle of semantic linearity iconicity, pragmatic linearity iconicity and markedness iconicity, but there are still some differences in term of extent and scope in these two languages; 3. Chinese and German languages are subject to phonetic restrictions in certain conditions, but Chinese in tone, German in accent.
引文
[1]潘文国.汉英语对比纲要[M].北京:北京语言大学出版社,1997.
[2]Duden.Grammatik der deutschen Gegenwartssprache [M].Mannheim-Leipzig-Wien-Zürich:Duden Verlag,2006.
[3]Bu?mann,H.Lexikon der Sprachwissenschaft [Z].Stuttgart:Kr?ner,2008.
[4]Naumann,B.Einführung in die Wortbildungslehre des Deutschen[M].Tübingen,1986.
[5]Fleischer,W.Wortbildung der deutschen Gegenwartssprache.Tübingen,1982.
[6]陈建生,马雯.英语复合词语义构式的可分析性探索[J].西安外国语大学学报,2014,(01):49-52.
[7]丰国欣.汉英复合词的对比分析[J].西安外国语大学学报,2011,(03):1-6.
[8]束定芳,黄洁.汉语反义复合词构词理据和语义变化的认知分析[J].外语教学与研究,2008,(06):418-422.
[9]张培成.英语成对词与汉语联合式复合词比较[J].外语教学.2000,(01):83-88.
[10]卢卫中.词序的认知基础[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2002,(05):5-9.
[11]Breindl,E.& M.Thurmair.Der Fürstbischof im Hosenrock.Eine Studie zu den nominalen Kopulativkomposita des Deutschen [J],Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS).Deutsche Sprache 1993:32–61.
[12]Donalies,E.über kopulative Verb-und Adjektivkomposita [J].Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS).Deutsche Sprache,1996:273-286.
[13]Fauconnier,G.& M.Turner.Conceptual integration networks[J].In:Cognitive Science,1998,(02) :133-188.
[14]王寅.认知语言学[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2007.
[15]沈家煊.句法的象似性问题[J] .外语教学与研究,1993,(01):2 -8 .
[16]Haiman,J.Natural Syntax.Iconicity and Erosion [M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1985.
[17]Givón,T.Isomorphism in the grammatical code:cognitive and biological considerations[C]//In:Simone R.(ed.):Iconicity in Language.Amsterdam:John Benjamins,1995:47–76.
[18]Andersen,E.A Grammar of Iconism [M].Madison,New Jersey:Fairleigh Dickinson University Press,1998.
[19]Cooper,W.& J.Ross.World Order [C]// In:Grossmann R./San J./Vance T.(eds.):Papers from the Parasession on Functionalism.Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1975:63–111
[20]沈家煊.转指和转喻[J] .当代语言学,1999,(01):3-15.
(1)Cosmas II是位于德国曼海姆的德国语言研究所(IDS)开发的数据库系统。
(2)auf是德语介词,意为“在…之上”。
(3)德语中名词的格分为主格、属格、与格和宾格。
(4)奥托-萨利安时期:历史词汇,德国历史上东法兰克王国时期的两个王朝。奥托王朝在先,从公元936年到1024年,萨利安王朝紧随其后(1024-1125)。
(5)德语的重读落于元音,此处以下划线标注重音所在的长元音。
[2]Duden.Grammatik der deutschen Gegenwartssprache [M].Mannheim-Leipzig-Wien-Zürich:Duden Verlag,2006.
[3]Bu?mann,H.Lexikon der Sprachwissenschaft [Z].Stuttgart:Kr?ner,2008.
[4]Naumann,B.Einführung in die Wortbildungslehre des Deutschen[M].Tübingen,1986.
[5]Fleischer,W.Wortbildung der deutschen Gegenwartssprache.Tübingen,1982.
[6]陈建生,马雯.英语复合词语义构式的可分析性探索[J].西安外国语大学学报,2014,(01):49-52.
[7]丰国欣.汉英复合词的对比分析[J].西安外国语大学学报,2011,(03):1-6.
[8]束定芳,黄洁.汉语反义复合词构词理据和语义变化的认知分析[J].外语教学与研究,2008,(06):418-422.
[9]张培成.英语成对词与汉语联合式复合词比较[J].外语教学.2000,(01):83-88.
[10]卢卫中.词序的认知基础[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2002,(05):5-9.
[11]Breindl,E.& M.Thurmair.Der Fürstbischof im Hosenrock.Eine Studie zu den nominalen Kopulativkomposita des Deutschen [J],Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS).Deutsche Sprache 1993:32–61.
[12]Donalies,E.über kopulative Verb-und Adjektivkomposita [J].Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS).Deutsche Sprache,1996:273-286.
[13]Fauconnier,G.& M.Turner.Conceptual integration networks[J].In:Cognitive Science,1998,(02) :133-188.
[14]王寅.认知语言学[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2007.
[15]沈家煊.句法的象似性问题[J] .外语教学与研究,1993,(01):2 -8 .
[16]Haiman,J.Natural Syntax.Iconicity and Erosion [M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1985.
[17]Givón,T.Isomorphism in the grammatical code:cognitive and biological considerations[C]//In:Simone R.(ed.):Iconicity in Language.Amsterdam:John Benjamins,1995:47–76.
[18]Andersen,E.A Grammar of Iconism [M].Madison,New Jersey:Fairleigh Dickinson University Press,1998.
[19]Cooper,W.& J.Ross.World Order [C]// In:Grossmann R./San J./Vance T.(eds.):Papers from the Parasession on Functionalism.Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1975:63–111
[20]沈家煊.转指和转喻[J] .当代语言学,1999,(01):3-15.
(1)Cosmas II是位于德国曼海姆的德国语言研究所(IDS)开发的数据库系统。
(2)auf是德语介词,意为“在…之上”。
(3)德语中名词的格分为主格、属格、与格和宾格。
(4)奥托-萨利安时期:历史词汇,德国历史上东法兰克王国时期的两个王朝。奥托王朝在先,从公元936年到1024年,萨利安王朝紧随其后(1024-1125)。
(5)德语的重读落于元音,此处以下划线标注重音所在的长元音。