塔里木盆地巴楚隆起的三维地质结构及成因机制
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摘要
塔里木盆地为中国西部大型克拉通盆地,巴楚隆起是塔里木盆地内部中央隆起带西部的一个重要构造单元,其所发育的边界断裂严格限制了巴楚隆起的范围,边界断裂的发育使得巴楚隆起的形成表现为一个复杂过程,探讨其形成过程及机制可为研究克拉通内变形特征及机制提供依据。文中借助于钻井及地震解释资料,刻画了巴楚隆起所发育的断裂特征及地质结构,并建立了其三维地质结构模型,结合大地构造背景及演化特征剖析了巴楚隆起的形成机制。通过研究,巴楚隆起在纵向上可识别出7个主要不整合面,并以此为界面,结合演化特征,将巴楚隆起自下而上划分为7个构造层;结合断裂带展布特征及地层构造形态,将巴楚隆起在平面上划分为西部断垒带、阿恰—吐木休克断裂带、海米罗斯—玛扎塔格断裂带、东部向斜带等4个次级构造单元;通过研究,巴楚隆起初始形成于晚奥陶世末期,晚二叠世末期强烈隆升,新近纪早期进一步隆升,上新世至第四纪时仍遭受挤压改造形成现今面貌,其形成演化主要受到边界断裂影响。
The Tarim Basin is a large craton basin developed in western China.The Bachu uplift is an important tectonic unit in western central uplift in the Tarim Basin.The boundary faults severely limit the range of the Bachu uplift.However,it is precisely the development of the boundary faults that makes the Bachu uplift formation a complex process.By exploring this formation process and its mechanism we can further study the characteristics and mechanism of deformation in the craton basin.In this work,we depicted the fault characteristics and geostructure of the Bachu uplift and built the tree-dimensional geological model based on drilling data and seismic interpretation.We further analyzed the formation mechanism of the Bachu uplift,taking into consideration of tectonic setting and evolutionary characteristics.The results show that seven major unconformities can be identified in the longitudinal direction,according to which,along with evolutionary characteristics,the Bachu uplift can be divided into seven tectonic layers.Based on the distribution characteristics of fault belt and stratigraphic tectonic configuration,the Bachu uplift is divided into four sub-tectonic units in the plane:western fault zone,Aqa-Tumuxiuke fault zone,Hemiros-Mazatag fault zone and eastern syncline zone.The Bachu uplift initially formed in the late Ordovician,was then strongly uplifted in the late Late Permian,and further uplifted in the early Neogene.During the Pliocene to Quaternary periods,the Bachu uplift was still subjected to extrusion transformation into the present form;its formation and evolution are mainly affected by the boundary faults.
The Tarim Basin is a large craton basin developed in western China.The Bachu uplift is an important tectonic unit in western central uplift in the Tarim Basin.The boundary faults severely limit the range of the Bachu uplift.However,it is precisely the development of the boundary faults that makes the Bachu uplift formation a complex process.By exploring this formation process and its mechanism we can further study the characteristics and mechanism of deformation in the craton basin.In this work,we depicted the fault characteristics and geostructure of the Bachu uplift and built the tree-dimensional geological model based on drilling data and seismic interpretation.We further analyzed the formation mechanism of the Bachu uplift,taking into consideration of tectonic setting and evolutionary characteristics.The results show that seven major unconformities can be identified in the longitudinal direction,according to which,along with evolutionary characteristics,the Bachu uplift can be divided into seven tectonic layers.Based on the distribution characteristics of fault belt and stratigraphic tectonic configuration,the Bachu uplift is divided into four sub-tectonic units in the plane:western fault zone,Aqa-Tumuxiuke fault zone,Hemiros-Mazatag fault zone and eastern syncline zone.The Bachu uplift initially formed in the late Ordovician,was then strongly uplifted in the late Late Permian,and further uplifted in the early Neogene.During the Pliocene to Quaternary periods,the Bachu uplift was still subjected to extrusion transformation into the present form;its formation and evolution are mainly affected by the boundary faults.
引文
[1]何登发,周新源,杨海军,等.库车坳陷的地质结构及其对大油气田的控制作用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):19-32.
[2]何登发,崔永谦,单帅强,等.渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷古潜山的三维地质结构特征[J].地质科学,2018,53(1):1-24.
[3]刘金水,廖宗廷,贾健谊,等.东海陆架盆地地质结构及构造演化[J].上海国土资源,2003,24(3):1-6.
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[5]何登发,周新源,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地克拉通内古隆起的成因机制与构造类型[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):207-220.
[6]张宗命,贾承造.塔里木克拉通盆地内古隆起及其找油气方向[J].西安石油学院院报,1997,12(3):8-13.
[7]吴根耀,李曰俊,刘亚雷,等.塔里木西北部乌什-柯坪-巴楚地区古生代沉积-构造演化及成盆动力学背景[J].古地理学报,2013,15(2):203-219.
[8]杨明慧,金之钧,吕修祥,等.塔里木盆地基底卷入压扭构造与巴楚隆起的形成[J].地质学报,2007,81(2):158-164.
[9]刘高波,施泽进,佘晓宇.巴楚-麦盖提的区域构造演化与油气分布规律[J].成都理工大学学报,2004,31(2):157-162.
[10]丁文龙,漆立新,云露,等.塔里木盆地巴楚-麦盖提地区古构造演化及其对奥陶系储层发育控制作用[J].岩石学报,2012,28(8):2542-2556.
[11]徐旭辉.塔里木盆地古隆起的形成和油气控制[J].同济大学学报,2004,32(4):461-466.
[12]丁文龙,林畅松,漆立新,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起构造格架及形成演化[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):242-251.
[13]张仲培,刘士林,杨子玉,等.塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡构造演化及油气地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(6):909-920.
[14]吕海涛,张仲培,邵志兵,等.塔里木盆地巴楚-麦盖提地区早古生代古隆起的演化及其勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(1):76-85.
[15]陈刚,汤良杰,余腾孝,等.塔里木盆地巴楚-麦盖提地区前寒武系不整合对基底古隆起及其演化的启示[J].现代地质,2015,29(3):576-583.
[16]肖安成,杨树峰,李曰俊,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起断裂系统主要形成时代的新认识[J].地质科学,2005,40(2):291-301.
[17]付建奎,张光亚,马郡,等.塔里木盆地巴楚地区构造样式与演化[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(5):10-11.
[18]吕明,汤良杰,余腾孝,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起早古生代古构造格局研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(1):100-106.
[19] ZhOU B,MING L I,DUAN S,et al.Dolomitization mechanism of Cambrian carbonates in the Bachu area,Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2012,39(2):212-217.
[20]刘忠宝,杨圣彬,焦存礼,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起中、下寒武统高精度层序地层与沉积特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(1):70-77.
[21]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:205-206.
[22] CAI C F,RICHARD H W,WANG Q H,et al.Chemical and isotopic evidence for secondary alteration of natural gases in the Hetianhe field,Bachu uplift of the Tarim Basin[J].Organic Geochemistry,2002,33:1415-1427.
[23]优美燕,张哨楠,赵秀,等.塔里木盆地巴楚-麦盖提地区石炭系混合沉积研究[J].古地理学报,2012,14(2):155-165.
[24]何登发.塔里木盆地的地层不整合面与油气聚集[J].石油学报,1995,16(3):14-20.
[25]宋玉鹏,赵锡奎,李坤,等.巴楚-麦盖提下古生界不整合特征与油气关系[J].重庆科技学院学报,2014,16(1):20-25.
[26]李新民,丁勇,张旭,等.巴楚-麦盖提地区不整合面特征与油气分布关系[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(6):475-478.
[27]何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64-78.
[28]何文渊,李江海,钱祥麟,等.塔里木盆地巴楚断隆中新生代的构造演化[J].北京大学学报,2000,36(4):539-546.
[29]张洪安,吴根耀,李曰俊,等.塔里木盆地西部巴楚断隆南界断裂带的主要特征和构造演化[J].地质通报,2011,30(10):1547-1556.
[30]杨波,辛仁臣,贾进华,等.塔里木盆地巴楚组层序地层及沉积演化[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(2):242-255.
[31]张永,刘长磊.吐木休克构造带构造模型新解[J].地质科学,2018,53(1):115-132.
[32]赵明,孙兆玉,岳勇,等.巴楚隆起西段色力布亚断裂演化及其封闭性研究[J].石油天然气学报,2008,30(4):28-32.
[33]杨庚,石昕,贾承造,等.塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪-巴楚地区皮羌断裂与色力布亚断裂空间关系[J].铀矿地质,2008,24(4):201-207.
[34]刘亚雷,齐英敏,刘云翔,等.塔里木盆地阿恰构造带断裂构造分析[J].现代地质,2013,27(1):158-165.
[35]杨庚,李本亮,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起北缘阿恰基底卷入构造[J].地质评论,2012,58(1):32-40.
[36]曹自成,杜永明,岳勇.巴楚隆起色力布亚断裂活动及其控油作用[J].断块油气田,2009,16(3):5-7.
[37]高洁.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起海米罗斯断裂特征研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2014,11:130-132.
[38]何登发,李德生.塔里木盆地构造演化与油气聚集[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:156-157.
[39]张波,闫淑玉,张仲培,等.塔里木盆地巴楚褶皱带构造几何学及其构造物理模拟[J].北京大学学报,2012,48(1):92-103.
[40]刘因,付建民,姜枚,等.接受函数方法获得的和田-拜城剖面壳幔图像[J].中国地质,2011,38(4):1066-1071.
[41]侯尊泽,杨文采.塔里木盆地多尺度重力场反演与密度结构[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2011,41(1):29-39.
[42]陈楚铭,卢华复,贾东,等.塔里木盆地晚第三纪-第四纪沉积特征、构造变形与石油地质意义[J].沉积学报,1998,16(2):113-123.
[43]李乐,侯贵廷,潘文庆,等.塔里木盆地巴楚地区二叠纪以来构造应力场解析[J].地质力学学报,2011,17(3):262-273.
[2]何登发,崔永谦,单帅强,等.渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷古潜山的三维地质结构特征[J].地质科学,2018,53(1):1-24.
[3]刘金水,廖宗廷,贾健谊,等.东海陆架盆地地质结构及构造演化[J].上海国土资源,2003,24(3):1-6.
[4]桂宝玲,何登发,闫福旺,等.廊固凹陷的三维精细地质结构[J].地质科学,2011,46(3):787-797.
[5]何登发,周新源,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地克拉通内古隆起的成因机制与构造类型[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):207-220.
[6]张宗命,贾承造.塔里木克拉通盆地内古隆起及其找油气方向[J].西安石油学院院报,1997,12(3):8-13.
[7]吴根耀,李曰俊,刘亚雷,等.塔里木西北部乌什-柯坪-巴楚地区古生代沉积-构造演化及成盆动力学背景[J].古地理学报,2013,15(2):203-219.
[8]杨明慧,金之钧,吕修祥,等.塔里木盆地基底卷入压扭构造与巴楚隆起的形成[J].地质学报,2007,81(2):158-164.
[9]刘高波,施泽进,佘晓宇.巴楚-麦盖提的区域构造演化与油气分布规律[J].成都理工大学学报,2004,31(2):157-162.
[10]丁文龙,漆立新,云露,等.塔里木盆地巴楚-麦盖提地区古构造演化及其对奥陶系储层发育控制作用[J].岩石学报,2012,28(8):2542-2556.
[11]徐旭辉.塔里木盆地古隆起的形成和油气控制[J].同济大学学报,2004,32(4):461-466.
[12]丁文龙,林畅松,漆立新,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起构造格架及形成演化[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):242-251.
[13]张仲培,刘士林,杨子玉,等.塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡构造演化及油气地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(6):909-920.
[14]吕海涛,张仲培,邵志兵,等.塔里木盆地巴楚-麦盖提地区早古生代古隆起的演化及其勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(1):76-85.
[15]陈刚,汤良杰,余腾孝,等.塔里木盆地巴楚-麦盖提地区前寒武系不整合对基底古隆起及其演化的启示[J].现代地质,2015,29(3):576-583.
[16]肖安成,杨树峰,李曰俊,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起断裂系统主要形成时代的新认识[J].地质科学,2005,40(2):291-301.
[17]付建奎,张光亚,马郡,等.塔里木盆地巴楚地区构造样式与演化[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(5):10-11.
[18]吕明,汤良杰,余腾孝,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起早古生代古构造格局研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(1):100-106.
[19] ZhOU B,MING L I,DUAN S,et al.Dolomitization mechanism of Cambrian carbonates in the Bachu area,Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2012,39(2):212-217.
[20]刘忠宝,杨圣彬,焦存礼,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起中、下寒武统高精度层序地层与沉积特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(1):70-77.
[21]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:205-206.
[22] CAI C F,RICHARD H W,WANG Q H,et al.Chemical and isotopic evidence for secondary alteration of natural gases in the Hetianhe field,Bachu uplift of the Tarim Basin[J].Organic Geochemistry,2002,33:1415-1427.
[23]优美燕,张哨楠,赵秀,等.塔里木盆地巴楚-麦盖提地区石炭系混合沉积研究[J].古地理学报,2012,14(2):155-165.
[24]何登发.塔里木盆地的地层不整合面与油气聚集[J].石油学报,1995,16(3):14-20.
[25]宋玉鹏,赵锡奎,李坤,等.巴楚-麦盖提下古生界不整合特征与油气关系[J].重庆科技学院学报,2014,16(1):20-25.
[26]李新民,丁勇,张旭,等.巴楚-麦盖提地区不整合面特征与油气分布关系[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(6):475-478.
[27]何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64-78.
[28]何文渊,李江海,钱祥麟,等.塔里木盆地巴楚断隆中新生代的构造演化[J].北京大学学报,2000,36(4):539-546.
[29]张洪安,吴根耀,李曰俊,等.塔里木盆地西部巴楚断隆南界断裂带的主要特征和构造演化[J].地质通报,2011,30(10):1547-1556.
[30]杨波,辛仁臣,贾进华,等.塔里木盆地巴楚组层序地层及沉积演化[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(2):242-255.
[31]张永,刘长磊.吐木休克构造带构造模型新解[J].地质科学,2018,53(1):115-132.
[32]赵明,孙兆玉,岳勇,等.巴楚隆起西段色力布亚断裂演化及其封闭性研究[J].石油天然气学报,2008,30(4):28-32.
[33]杨庚,石昕,贾承造,等.塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪-巴楚地区皮羌断裂与色力布亚断裂空间关系[J].铀矿地质,2008,24(4):201-207.
[34]刘亚雷,齐英敏,刘云翔,等.塔里木盆地阿恰构造带断裂构造分析[J].现代地质,2013,27(1):158-165.
[35]杨庚,李本亮,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起北缘阿恰基底卷入构造[J].地质评论,2012,58(1):32-40.
[36]曹自成,杜永明,岳勇.巴楚隆起色力布亚断裂活动及其控油作用[J].断块油气田,2009,16(3):5-7.
[37]高洁.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起海米罗斯断裂特征研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2014,11:130-132.
[38]何登发,李德生.塔里木盆地构造演化与油气聚集[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:156-157.
[39]张波,闫淑玉,张仲培,等.塔里木盆地巴楚褶皱带构造几何学及其构造物理模拟[J].北京大学学报,2012,48(1):92-103.
[40]刘因,付建民,姜枚,等.接受函数方法获得的和田-拜城剖面壳幔图像[J].中国地质,2011,38(4):1066-1071.
[41]侯尊泽,杨文采.塔里木盆地多尺度重力场反演与密度结构[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2011,41(1):29-39.
[42]陈楚铭,卢华复,贾东,等.塔里木盆地晚第三纪-第四纪沉积特征、构造变形与石油地质意义[J].沉积学报,1998,16(2):113-123.
[43]李乐,侯贵廷,潘文庆,等.塔里木盆地巴楚地区二叠纪以来构造应力场解析[J].地质力学学报,2011,17(3):262-273.
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