双界面地震层拉平的古地貌恢复技术及应用——以鄂尔多斯盆地天环坳陷为例
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摘要
为了落实古地貌形态、研究古地貌与油气成藏的关系,提出一种利用双界面地震层拉平技术恢复生烃关键期的古地貌的新方法,主要步骤有:①判断地震层拉平技术的适用性,确定生烃关键期和填平补齐结束期对应的地震拉平层位;②先拉平生烃关键期对应的地震反射层位,去除后期构造变形对古地貌形态的影响,计算拉平层至古地貌填平补齐结束期对应的层位之间的地层厚度;③再拉平填平补齐结束期对应的地震反射层位,恢复该时期的古地貌形态,计算该拉平层与不整合面(古地貌)之间的地层厚度;④将以上两次计算的地层厚度值相加,即为生烃关键期时的古地貌形态。应用该方法恢复了鄂尔多斯盆地天环坳陷中部前侏罗纪的古地貌形态,提高了古地貌恢复的精度;同时,指明了该区侏罗系成藏规律,即古地貌填平补齐结束期层位相对宽缓的构造形态控制了石油运移的方向,古地貌的局部隆起是石油成藏的有利部位。该方法将对类似区古地貌研究起指导作用。
In order to identify the palaeogeomorphology and study the relationship between the hydrocarbon accumulation and the palaeo-geomorphology,a new approach for palaeo-geomorphology restoration in the critical period of hydrocarbon generation with double-interface seismic layer leveling is proposed.The approach includes four steps.First,the applicability of seismic layer leveling technology is analyzed,and the seismic layers in the critical period of hydrocarbon generation and the end period of filling-leveling up are determined.Second,in order to eliminate the influence of late tectonic deformation on the palaeo-geomorphology,the seismic layer of the critical period is flattened,then the stratum thickness between the seismic leveling layer and the seismic layer representing the end period of filling-leveling up is calculated.Third,the seismic layer representing the end period of filling-leveling up is flattened in order to restore the palaeo-geomorphology of this period,and the stratum thickness between the two seismic leveling layers is calculated.Finally,by adding up the above the two strata thickness values,the palaeo-geomorphology at the critical period of hydrocarbon generation is described.The proposed approach is applied to restore the pre-Jurassic palaeo-geomorphology in the middle part of Tianhuan Depression,Ordos Basin,and the accuracy of palaeo-geomorphology restoration is improved.At the same time,the Jurassic reservoir-forming regularity in this area is found out,that is,relatively gentle structures of palaeogeomorphology at the end period of filling-leveling up control the oil migration direction,and the local uplift of palaeo-geomorphology in the critical period of hydrocarbon generation is the favorable part of oil accumulation.This proposed approach may provide a reference in the study of palaeo-geomorphology in similar areas.
In order to identify the palaeogeomorphology and study the relationship between the hydrocarbon accumulation and the palaeo-geomorphology,a new approach for palaeo-geomorphology restoration in the critical period of hydrocarbon generation with double-interface seismic layer leveling is proposed.The approach includes four steps.First,the applicability of seismic layer leveling technology is analyzed,and the seismic layers in the critical period of hydrocarbon generation and the end period of filling-leveling up are determined.Second,in order to eliminate the influence of late tectonic deformation on the palaeo-geomorphology,the seismic layer of the critical period is flattened,then the stratum thickness between the seismic leveling layer and the seismic layer representing the end period of filling-leveling up is calculated.Third,the seismic layer representing the end period of filling-leveling up is flattened in order to restore the palaeo-geomorphology of this period,and the stratum thickness between the two seismic leveling layers is calculated.Finally,by adding up the above the two strata thickness values,the palaeo-geomorphology at the critical period of hydrocarbon generation is described.The proposed approach is applied to restore the pre-Jurassic palaeo-geomorphology in the middle part of Tianhuan Depression,Ordos Basin,and the accuracy of palaeo-geomorphology restoration is improved.At the same time,the Jurassic reservoir-forming regularity in this area is found out,that is,relatively gentle structures of palaeogeomorphology at the end period of filling-leveling up control the oil migration direction,and the local uplift of palaeo-geomorphology in the critical period of hydrocarbon generation is the favorable part of oil accumulation.This proposed approach may provide a reference in the study of palaeo-geomorphology in similar areas.
引文
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[11] 杜洋,衣英杰,辛军,等.伊朗SA油田Sarvak油藏大幅度倾斜油水界面成因探讨[J].石油实验地质,2015,37(2):187-193.DU Yang,YI Yingjie,XIN Jun,et al.Genesis of large-amplitude tilting oil-water contact in Sarvak Formation in South Azadegan Oilfield,Iran[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2015,37(2):187-193.
[12] 闫海军,何东博,许文壮,等.古地貌恢复及对流体分布的控制作用——以鄂尔多斯盆地高桥区气藏评价阶段为例[J].石油学报,2016,37(12):1483-1494.YAN Haijun,HE Dongbo,XU Wenzhuang,et al.Pa-leo-topography restoration method and its controlling effect on fluid distribution:a case of the gas reservoir evaluation stage in Gaoqiao,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(12):1483-1494.
[13] 贺锋,张字龙,刘红旭,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部彬县地区侏罗系直罗组古地貌及其对铀成矿的影响[J].古地理学报,2017,19(4):692-702.HE Feng,ZHANG Zilong,LIU Hongxu,et al.Paleo-geomorphic restoring of the Jurassic Zhiluo Formation and its effect on uranium mineralization in Binxian area,southern Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeo-graphy,2017,19(4):692-702.
[14] 杨荣荣,周路,房涛,等.准噶尔盆地金龙 2 地区佳木河组古地貌特征和油气藏分布关系研究[J].地球物理学进展,2016,31(5):2219-2225.YANG Rongrong,ZHOU Lu,FANG Tao,et al.Relationship between Jiamuhe paleogeomorphic features and hydrocarbon distribution of Jinlong-2 area in Junggar Basin[J].Progress in Geophysics,2016,31(5):2219-2225.
[15] 张立勤,付立新,王濮,等.一种古构造恢复方法探讨——以乌马营构造为例[J].矿物岩石,2005,25(2):93-98.ZHANG Liqin,FU Lixin,WANG Pu,et al.A mehhod of analyzing paleostructure restoration:a case study in Wumaying buried hill[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2005,25(2):93-98.
[16] 陈辉,郭海洋,徐祥恺,等.四川盆地剑阁—九龙山地区长兴期与飞仙关期古地貌演化特征及其对礁滩体的控制[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):854-861.CHEN Hui,GUO Haiyang,XU Xiangkai,et al.Features of paleogeomorphological evolution and its control on reef flat composite in Changxing-Feixianguan Formation in Jiange-Jiulongshan region,Sichuan Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2016,37(6):854-861.
[17] 肖凡,朱红涛,徐长贵,等.利用前积角“玫瑰花”图判断前积体主物源方向[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):181-188.XIAO Fan,ZHU Hongtao,XU Changgui,et al.Main provenance direction determination with the rose diagram of progradation angle[J].Oil Geophysical Pro-specting,2017,52(1):181-188.
[18] 金成志,秦月霜.利用长、短旋回波形分析法去除地震强屏蔽[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(5):1042-1048.JIN Chengzhi,QIN Yueshuang.Seismic strong shield removal based on the long and short cycle analysis[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(5):1042-1048.
[19] 田丰华,姜振学.剥蚀减压过程中的砂体回弹作用及其成藏效应研究综述[J].地质科技情报,2008,27(1):64-68.TIAN Fenghua,JIANG Zhenxue.Summarization of sandstone rebounding due to unload and its effects on oil/gas migration and accumulation[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2008,27(1):64-68.
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[2] 赵永刚,王东旭,冯强汉,等.油气田古地貌恢复方法研究进展[J].地球科学与环境学报,2017,39(4):516-529.ZHAO Yonggang,WANG Dongxu,FENG Qianghan,et al.Review on palaeogeomorphologic reconstruction methods in oil and gas fields[J].Journal of Earth Science and Environment,2017,39(4):516-529.
[3] 代金友,何顺利.鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田奥陶系古地貌研究[J].石油学报,2005,26(3):37-43.DAI Jinyou,HE Shunli.Ordovician paleokarst landform of central gas field in Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(3):37-43.
[4] 袁珍,李文厚,朱静,等.鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区侏罗系古地貌恢复及其对石油聚集的影响[J].地质通报,2013,32(11):1806-1814.YUAN Zhen,LI Wenhou,ZHU Jing,et al.The restoration of Pre-Jurassic paleogeomorphology and its influence on oil accumulation in Longdong area[J].Geo-logical Bulletin of China,2013,32(11):1806-1814.
[5] 赵俊兴,陈洪德,时志强,等.古地貌恢复技术方法及其研究意义——以鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗纪沉积前古地貌研究为例[J].成都理工学院学报,2001,28(3):260-266.ZHAO Junxing,CHEN Hongde,SHI Zhiqiang,et al.The way and implication of rebuilding palaeogeomorphology:Taking the research of palaeogeomorphology of the Ordos Basin before Jurassic deposition as exam-ple[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition),2001,28(3):260-266.
[6] 赵俊兴,陈洪德,向芳.高分辨率层序地层学方法在沉积前古地貌恢复中的应用[J].成都理工大学学报,2003,30(1):76-81.ZHAO Junxing,CHEN Hongde,XIANG Fang.The possibility of rebuilding paleogeomorphology before basin deposition by high-resolution sequence strati-graphy[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Techno-logy (Science & Technology Edition),2003,30(1):76-81.
[7] 张辉,胡望水,李伟,等.关键层面古地貌演化剖面的建立及地质意义[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(2):8-14.ZHANG Hui,HU Wangshui,LI Wei,et al.Establishment of paleo-topography evolutionary section of key strata boundary and its geological implications[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2018,25(2):8-14.
[8] 汪晶,王华,陈思,等.酒泉盆地青西凹陷鸭西地区古地貌对沉积体系空间展布的控制作用[J].海洋地质前沿,2012,28(3):25-33.WANG Jing,WANG Hua,CHEN Si,et al.Control of palaeogeomorphology on sedimentary system distribution:An example from Qingxi Depression,Jiuquan Basin[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2012,28(3):25-33.
[9] 李家强.层拉平方法在沉积前古地貌恢复中的应用——以济阳坳陷东营三角洲发育区为例[J].油气地球物理,2008,6(2):46-49.LI Jiaqiang.Application of bedding flattening in the process of paleogeomorpholog before basin deposition:A case study in Dongying Sag,Jiyang Depression[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2008,6(2):46-49.
[10] 代双河,高军,藏殿光,等.滨里海盆地东缘巨厚盐岩区盐下构造的解释方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3):303-322.DAI Shuanghe,GAO Jun,ZANG Dianguang,et al.Interpretation method of subsalt structures in significant thickness of salt beds,east merging of littoral Caspian Sea Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(3):303-322.
[11] 杜洋,衣英杰,辛军,等.伊朗SA油田Sarvak油藏大幅度倾斜油水界面成因探讨[J].石油实验地质,2015,37(2):187-193.DU Yang,YI Yingjie,XIN Jun,et al.Genesis of large-amplitude tilting oil-water contact in Sarvak Formation in South Azadegan Oilfield,Iran[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2015,37(2):187-193.
[12] 闫海军,何东博,许文壮,等.古地貌恢复及对流体分布的控制作用——以鄂尔多斯盆地高桥区气藏评价阶段为例[J].石油学报,2016,37(12):1483-1494.YAN Haijun,HE Dongbo,XU Wenzhuang,et al.Pa-leo-topography restoration method and its controlling effect on fluid distribution:a case of the gas reservoir evaluation stage in Gaoqiao,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(12):1483-1494.
[13] 贺锋,张字龙,刘红旭,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部彬县地区侏罗系直罗组古地貌及其对铀成矿的影响[J].古地理学报,2017,19(4):692-702.HE Feng,ZHANG Zilong,LIU Hongxu,et al.Paleo-geomorphic restoring of the Jurassic Zhiluo Formation and its effect on uranium mineralization in Binxian area,southern Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeo-graphy,2017,19(4):692-702.
[14] 杨荣荣,周路,房涛,等.准噶尔盆地金龙 2 地区佳木河组古地貌特征和油气藏分布关系研究[J].地球物理学进展,2016,31(5):2219-2225.YANG Rongrong,ZHOU Lu,FANG Tao,et al.Relationship between Jiamuhe paleogeomorphic features and hydrocarbon distribution of Jinlong-2 area in Junggar Basin[J].Progress in Geophysics,2016,31(5):2219-2225.
[15] 张立勤,付立新,王濮,等.一种古构造恢复方法探讨——以乌马营构造为例[J].矿物岩石,2005,25(2):93-98.ZHANG Liqin,FU Lixin,WANG Pu,et al.A mehhod of analyzing paleostructure restoration:a case study in Wumaying buried hill[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2005,25(2):93-98.
[16] 陈辉,郭海洋,徐祥恺,等.四川盆地剑阁—九龙山地区长兴期与飞仙关期古地貌演化特征及其对礁滩体的控制[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):854-861.CHEN Hui,GUO Haiyang,XU Xiangkai,et al.Features of paleogeomorphological evolution and its control on reef flat composite in Changxing-Feixianguan Formation in Jiange-Jiulongshan region,Sichuan Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2016,37(6):854-861.
[17] 肖凡,朱红涛,徐长贵,等.利用前积角“玫瑰花”图判断前积体主物源方向[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):181-188.XIAO Fan,ZHU Hongtao,XU Changgui,et al.Main provenance direction determination with the rose diagram of progradation angle[J].Oil Geophysical Pro-specting,2017,52(1):181-188.
[18] 金成志,秦月霜.利用长、短旋回波形分析法去除地震强屏蔽[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(5):1042-1048.JIN Chengzhi,QIN Yueshuang.Seismic strong shield removal based on the long and short cycle analysis[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(5):1042-1048.
[19] 田丰华,姜振学.剥蚀减压过程中的砂体回弹作用及其成藏效应研究综述[J].地质科技情报,2008,27(1):64-68.TIAN Fenghua,JIANG Zhenxue.Summarization of sandstone rebounding due to unload and its effects on oil/gas migration and accumulation[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2008,27(1):64-68.
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