珠江口岛屿全新世沙堤的年代与沉积环境
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摘要
通过对珠江口岛屿小型海湾如珠海淇澳岛和澳门黑沙滩一级阶地上的古沙坝/沙丘进行光释光(OSL)年代测定、粒度分析,结果表明,全新世潮间带砂体沉积的底部年代根据光释光测年结果和沉积速率推算,超过9 ka。海岸带形成的古沙坝或风成砂质沉积的光释光测年结果大部分老于新石器文化堆积的器物年代,表明全新世高海面期砂质滨海相沉积的形成先于新石器人类活动遗迹。潮间带砂质滨海相沉积的上覆地层常在6.5 ka左右快速转变为潮上带的风成沉积-人类活动混合堆积,导致文化层中沉积物粒度分选变差,参数波动较大。淇澳岛小沙澳湾9―4.3 ka的滨海相砂质沉积的顶部目前位于海拔+4.8 m,这一高程可能与构造抬升运动有关。
Holocene sand flat and sand dune deposits, which may be formed during the high sea level period in Holocene, are widely distributed in the coastal zone and islands of the Pearl River Estuary. These deposits contain rich information on Holocene marine transgression and environmental changes. Furthermore, rich Neolithic remains are found in these sediments in the islands around the Pearl River Estuary. Therefore, the coastal sandy marine deposits of Holocene, with evidences of both natural and cultural histories, have drawn great attention from scientists. In this paper, optical stimulated luminescence(OSL) dating and grain-size analysis were conducted. The results showed that the bottom of the coastal sandy marine deposits of Holocene might be formed more than 9 ka B.P. ago. Most of the OSL dating results showed that the Holocene sand flat and sandy eolian deposits were older than the Neolithic remains, which indicated that the former was formed before the latter. Another finding was that the overlying strata of the coastal sandy marine deposits often shifted rapidly to alluvial face of supratidal zone or dune at about 6.5 ka B.P., resulting in worsened grain-size sorting and great parameter fluctuations. The marine facies reached +4.8 m(modern elevation), which might be related to regional tectonic movement or the descending of sea level in Holocene. Combining grain-size analysis and archaeological excavation remains with other relevant records, the Holocene sedimentary environment was reconstructed; sea level change and differential tectonic movement, and relationship between man and nature in Holocene were revealed.
Holocene sand flat and sand dune deposits, which may be formed during the high sea level period in Holocene, are widely distributed in the coastal zone and islands of the Pearl River Estuary. These deposits contain rich information on Holocene marine transgression and environmental changes. Furthermore, rich Neolithic remains are found in these sediments in the islands around the Pearl River Estuary. Therefore, the coastal sandy marine deposits of Holocene, with evidences of both natural and cultural histories, have drawn great attention from scientists. In this paper, optical stimulated luminescence(OSL) dating and grain-size analysis were conducted. The results showed that the bottom of the coastal sandy marine deposits of Holocene might be formed more than 9 ka B.P. ago. Most of the OSL dating results showed that the Holocene sand flat and sandy eolian deposits were older than the Neolithic remains, which indicated that the former was formed before the latter. Another finding was that the overlying strata of the coastal sandy marine deposits often shifted rapidly to alluvial face of supratidal zone or dune at about 6.5 ka B.P., resulting in worsened grain-size sorting and great parameter fluctuations. The marine facies reached +4.8 m(modern elevation), which might be related to regional tectonic movement or the descending of sea level in Holocene. Combining grain-size analysis and archaeological excavation remains with other relevant records, the Holocene sedimentary environment was reconstructed; sea level change and differential tectonic movement, and relationship between man and nature in Holocene were revealed.
引文
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[2]李平日.华南沿海沙堤的年代学研究[J].科学通报,1989,34(12):928-931.
[3]翁齐浩.珠江三角洲全新世环境变化与文化起源及传播的关系[J].地理科学,1994,14(1):1-8,99.
[4]邓聪.环珠江三角洲大湾文化地貌试析[J].热带地理,1997,17(2):179-183.
[5]李海荣,刘均雄.广东深圳市咸头岭新石器时代遗址[J].考古,2007,(7):9-16,99-100.
[6]卢演俦,张景昭,谢军.广东省深圳大鹏湾沿岸沙堤粗颗粒石英热释光测年[J].海洋学报(中文版),1991,13(4):531-539.
[7]谢丽,张振克.光释光测年在海岸风沙地貌研究中的新进展[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(1):93-100.
[8]蓝先洪.珠江三角洲△22孔的沉积特征及地层划分[J].海洋与湖沼,1991,22(2):148-154.
[9]郑卓,王建华.珠江三角洲北部晚第四纪孢粉植物群的古环境意义[J].热带海洋,1998,17(3):1-9.
[10]张伟强,黄镇国.珠江三角洲晚第四纪气候波动的新认识[J].热带地理,2005,25(4):298-300,321.
[11]吴正,王为.华南海岸沙丘岩的特征及其形成发育模式[J].第四纪研究,1990,12(4):334-343.
[12]王建华.华南海岸沙丘岩的特征及其与海滩岩的区别[J].沉积学报,1997,15(1):104-110.
[13]王为,吴正.华南海岸沙丘岩形成与全新世环境变化的关系[J].地理学报,2009,64(9):1126-1133.
[14]余克服,陈特固.南海北部晚全新世高海平面及其波动的海滩沉积证据[J].地学前缘,2009,16(6):138-145.
[15]张崧,孙现领,王为,黄日辉,赖宜迅,刘韫,朱雷,宋婷,金杏杏,张欢欢,田雪莲.广东深圳大鹏半岛海岸地貌特征[J].热带地理,2013,33(6):647-658.
[16]王贤立.福建长乐海岸沙丘记录的全新世海岸风沙环境[D].福州:福建师范大学,2015:47-51.
[17]温长恩,陈琴德,张声粦,王增骐,朱国金,邓秉钧.淇澳岛自然资源及其开发利用[J].热带地理,1987,7(3):210-218.
[18]王发国,邢福武,叶华谷,严岳鸿.澳门路环岛灌丛群落的特征[J].植物研究,2005,25(2):236-241.
[19]郭雁冰,牛冬,肖一亭,全惠明.广东珠海市淇澳岛小沙澳湾商时期遗址调查[J].南方文物,2009(3):49-54,164.
[20]郑卓.澳门―珠海新石器遗址古环境与海平面变化研究[M].香港历史博物馆编制,2014:248-259.
[21]张克旗,吴中海,吕同艳,冯卉.光释光测年法——综述及进展[J].地质通报,2015,34(1):183-203.
[22]赖忠平,欧先交.光释光测年基本流程[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(5):683-693.
[23]卢演俦,尹功明,陈杰,刘爱国.第四纪沉积物的光释光测年[J].地球科学,1995,20(6):668-668.
[24]李其华.沉积物粒度在古环境重建中的应用[J].巢湖学院学报,2003,5(3):26-28.
[25]刘岫峰.沉积岩粒度分析及应用[M].成都:成都地质学院沉积岩研究室,1981:21-23.
[26]卢连战,史正涛.沉积物粒度参数内涵及计算方法的解析[J].环境科学与管理,2010,35(6):54-60.
[27]FOLK R L.A review of grain-size parameters[J].Sedimentology,1966,6:73-97.
[28]成都地质学院陕北队.沉积岩(物)粒度分析及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1978.
[29]NIELSEN A,MURRAY A S,PEJRUP M,BO E.Optically stimulated luminescence dating of a Holocene beach ridge plain in Northern Jutland,Denmark[J].Quaternary Geo-chronology,2006,1(4):305-312.
[30]CHOI J H,KIM J W,MURRAY A S,HONG D G,CHANG H W,CHEONG C S.OSL dating of marine terrace sediments on the south eastern coast of Korea with implications for Quaternary tectonics[J].Quaternary International,2009,199(1/2):3-14.
[31]FUCHS M,STRAUB J,Z?LLER L.Residual luminescence signals of recent river flood sediments:A comparison between quartz and feldspar of fine-and grain-sized sediments[J].Ancient Tl,2005,23(1):25-30.
[32]KIM J C,CHANG T S,YI S,HONG S S,NAHM W H.OSL dating of coastal sediments from the southwestern Korean Peninsula:A comparison of different size fractions of quartz[J].Quaternary International,2014,384:82-90.
[33]余涛,姜涛.光释光测年技术在海洋沉积物研究中的应用现状与展望[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(2):38-44.
[34]吴正,吴克则,黄山,朱膺,胡守真,金志敏.华南沿海全新世海岸沙丘研究[J].中国科学(B辑:化学),1995,25(2):211-218.
[35]李海荣.珠江三角洲地区沙丘遗址地层的划分:以咸头岭遗址为例[J].南方文物,2011,8004:125-143.
[36]朱筱敏.沉积岩石学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:64-79.
[37]安福元,马海州,樊启顺,周宝,张启兴.粒度在沉积物物源判别中的运用[J].盐湖研究,2012,20(1):49-56.
[38]郑卓,邓韫,张华,余荣春,陈炽新.华南沿海热带―亚热带地区全新世环境变化与人类活动的关系[J].第四纪研究,2004,24(4):387-393.
[39]ZONG Y,ZHENG Z,HUANG K,SUN YY,WANG N,TANG M,HUANG G.Changes in sea level,salinity and wetland habitat linked to the late agricultural development in the Pearl River delta plain of China[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2013,3(70):145-157.
[40]黄镇国,李平日,张仲英,李孔宏.珠江三角洲地区晚更新世以来海平面变化及构造运动问题[J].热带地理,1982,2(1):29-37,63.
[41]黄镇国,张伟强.南海地区全新世高海平面遗迹高程的区域差异问题[J].应用海洋学学报,2005,24(2):228-235.
[42]王为,曾昭璇,吴正,王小铭,黄山,叶春.广东黄圃镇海蚀遗址的形成年代及古地理环境[J].地理研究,2005,24(6):919-927.
[43]孙桂华,邱燕,朱本铎.南海及其周缘地区全新世海平面遗迹的构造含义[J].海洋学报(中文版),2009,31(5):58-68.
[2]李平日.华南沿海沙堤的年代学研究[J].科学通报,1989,34(12):928-931.
[3]翁齐浩.珠江三角洲全新世环境变化与文化起源及传播的关系[J].地理科学,1994,14(1):1-8,99.
[4]邓聪.环珠江三角洲大湾文化地貌试析[J].热带地理,1997,17(2):179-183.
[5]李海荣,刘均雄.广东深圳市咸头岭新石器时代遗址[J].考古,2007,(7):9-16,99-100.
[6]卢演俦,张景昭,谢军.广东省深圳大鹏湾沿岸沙堤粗颗粒石英热释光测年[J].海洋学报(中文版),1991,13(4):531-539.
[7]谢丽,张振克.光释光测年在海岸风沙地貌研究中的新进展[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(1):93-100.
[8]蓝先洪.珠江三角洲△22孔的沉积特征及地层划分[J].海洋与湖沼,1991,22(2):148-154.
[9]郑卓,王建华.珠江三角洲北部晚第四纪孢粉植物群的古环境意义[J].热带海洋,1998,17(3):1-9.
[10]张伟强,黄镇国.珠江三角洲晚第四纪气候波动的新认识[J].热带地理,2005,25(4):298-300,321.
[11]吴正,王为.华南海岸沙丘岩的特征及其形成发育模式[J].第四纪研究,1990,12(4):334-343.
[12]王建华.华南海岸沙丘岩的特征及其与海滩岩的区别[J].沉积学报,1997,15(1):104-110.
[13]王为,吴正.华南海岸沙丘岩形成与全新世环境变化的关系[J].地理学报,2009,64(9):1126-1133.
[14]余克服,陈特固.南海北部晚全新世高海平面及其波动的海滩沉积证据[J].地学前缘,2009,16(6):138-145.
[15]张崧,孙现领,王为,黄日辉,赖宜迅,刘韫,朱雷,宋婷,金杏杏,张欢欢,田雪莲.广东深圳大鹏半岛海岸地貌特征[J].热带地理,2013,33(6):647-658.
[16]王贤立.福建长乐海岸沙丘记录的全新世海岸风沙环境[D].福州:福建师范大学,2015:47-51.
[17]温长恩,陈琴德,张声粦,王增骐,朱国金,邓秉钧.淇澳岛自然资源及其开发利用[J].热带地理,1987,7(3):210-218.
[18]王发国,邢福武,叶华谷,严岳鸿.澳门路环岛灌丛群落的特征[J].植物研究,2005,25(2):236-241.
[19]郭雁冰,牛冬,肖一亭,全惠明.广东珠海市淇澳岛小沙澳湾商时期遗址调查[J].南方文物,2009(3):49-54,164.
[20]郑卓.澳门―珠海新石器遗址古环境与海平面变化研究[M].香港历史博物馆编制,2014:248-259.
[21]张克旗,吴中海,吕同艳,冯卉.光释光测年法——综述及进展[J].地质通报,2015,34(1):183-203.
[22]赖忠平,欧先交.光释光测年基本流程[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(5):683-693.
[23]卢演俦,尹功明,陈杰,刘爱国.第四纪沉积物的光释光测年[J].地球科学,1995,20(6):668-668.
[24]李其华.沉积物粒度在古环境重建中的应用[J].巢湖学院学报,2003,5(3):26-28.
[25]刘岫峰.沉积岩粒度分析及应用[M].成都:成都地质学院沉积岩研究室,1981:21-23.
[26]卢连战,史正涛.沉积物粒度参数内涵及计算方法的解析[J].环境科学与管理,2010,35(6):54-60.
[27]FOLK R L.A review of grain-size parameters[J].Sedimentology,1966,6:73-97.
[28]成都地质学院陕北队.沉积岩(物)粒度分析及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1978.
[29]NIELSEN A,MURRAY A S,PEJRUP M,BO E.Optically stimulated luminescence dating of a Holocene beach ridge plain in Northern Jutland,Denmark[J].Quaternary Geo-chronology,2006,1(4):305-312.
[30]CHOI J H,KIM J W,MURRAY A S,HONG D G,CHANG H W,CHEONG C S.OSL dating of marine terrace sediments on the south eastern coast of Korea with implications for Quaternary tectonics[J].Quaternary International,2009,199(1/2):3-14.
[31]FUCHS M,STRAUB J,Z?LLER L.Residual luminescence signals of recent river flood sediments:A comparison between quartz and feldspar of fine-and grain-sized sediments[J].Ancient Tl,2005,23(1):25-30.
[32]KIM J C,CHANG T S,YI S,HONG S S,NAHM W H.OSL dating of coastal sediments from the southwestern Korean Peninsula:A comparison of different size fractions of quartz[J].Quaternary International,2014,384:82-90.
[33]余涛,姜涛.光释光测年技术在海洋沉积物研究中的应用现状与展望[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(2):38-44.
[34]吴正,吴克则,黄山,朱膺,胡守真,金志敏.华南沿海全新世海岸沙丘研究[J].中国科学(B辑:化学),1995,25(2):211-218.
[35]李海荣.珠江三角洲地区沙丘遗址地层的划分:以咸头岭遗址为例[J].南方文物,2011,8004:125-143.
[36]朱筱敏.沉积岩石学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:64-79.
[37]安福元,马海州,樊启顺,周宝,张启兴.粒度在沉积物物源判别中的运用[J].盐湖研究,2012,20(1):49-56.
[38]郑卓,邓韫,张华,余荣春,陈炽新.华南沿海热带―亚热带地区全新世环境变化与人类活动的关系[J].第四纪研究,2004,24(4):387-393.
[39]ZONG Y,ZHENG Z,HUANG K,SUN YY,WANG N,TANG M,HUANG G.Changes in sea level,salinity and wetland habitat linked to the late agricultural development in the Pearl River delta plain of China[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2013,3(70):145-157.
[40]黄镇国,李平日,张仲英,李孔宏.珠江三角洲地区晚更新世以来海平面变化及构造运动问题[J].热带地理,1982,2(1):29-37,63.
[41]黄镇国,张伟强.南海地区全新世高海平面遗迹高程的区域差异问题[J].应用海洋学学报,2005,24(2):228-235.
[42]王为,曾昭璇,吴正,王小铭,黄山,叶春.广东黄圃镇海蚀遗址的形成年代及古地理环境[J].地理研究,2005,24(6):919-927.
[43]孙桂华,邱燕,朱本铎.南海及其周缘地区全新世海平面遗迹的构造含义[J].海洋学报(中文版),2009,31(5):58-68.